Zhang Tianyi

Characterrelationship

CloseErrorCorrection

• WifeShenChengkuan

  Anerror8753212hasbeenreported

• Brother-in-lawZhuKezhen

  Error406159hasbeenreported

• Brother-in-lawShaoYuanchong

  Error9574427hasbeenreported

  p>

Character'slife

Intheearlydays

ZhangTianyiwasborninNanjingin1906.Inthe11thyearoftheRepublicofChina,heandhisclassmatesDaiWangshu,DuHeng,andShiZhecunco-organizedsmallliteraryandartisticpublications,andpublishedworksinpublicationssuchas"Saturday","FairyMoon",and"Weekly".Inthefallofthe13thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hewasadmittedtotheShanghaiAcademyofFineArtsforoneyear;thefollowingsummer,hewasadmittedtothepreparatorycourseofPekingUniversity.Afterclass,hestillreadandwriteextensively.In2016,hejoinedtheCommunistPartyofChina.Inordertoexperiencethelifeofthelowerclass,XiaYirandroppedoutofschoolandworkedasaclerkinShanghai,Nanjingandotherplaces,asatutor,accountant,reporter,officeclerk,clerical,etc.,totastethepainofdismissalandunemployment..Inthe18thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hecommunicatedwithLuXun.Inthe20thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hejoinedtheChineseLeft-wingWritersUnionandactivelyengagedinrevolutionaryliterarycreationandotherrevolutionaryactivities.

Engagedinanti-Japanesepropagandawork

InthewinteroftheRepublicofChina,inthewinterof26,engagedinanti-Japanesepropagandawork.,Andwroteshortstoriessuchas"Mr.TanJiu'sWork".ThefollowingyearhetaughtatHunanUniversity.Inthe28thyearoftheRepublicofChina,heservedastheeditorofthesupplementofthenewspaper"ObservationDaily"oftheHunanProvincialPartyCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina.Inthe33rdyearoftheRepublicofChina,hereturnedtoXiangxiangtorecuperateduetoillness.Inthe37thyearoftheRepublicofChina,afterhewenttoShanghai,hisillnessturnedcritical,andhewasescortedtoMacauJinghuHospitalfortreatment.HerecoveredinMay1950andwenttoBeijing.

In1951,heservedasdeputydirectoroftheCentralInstituteofLiterature,directoroftheChineseWritersAssociation,editorialboardandeditor-in-chiefof"People'sLiterature",memberoftheCommunistPartyCommitteeoftheChineseWritersAssociation,andsecretaryoftheSecretariat.ParticipatedinthesecondandfourthnationalliteratureandartWorkers’Congress,electedasamemberofthepresidium,servedasarepresentativeofthefirsttothirdNationalPeople’sCongress,andamemberoftheFifthNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference.

"CulturalRevolution"Duringtheperiod

Duringthe"CulturalRevolution",ZhangTianyiwasbeatenBecomea"capitalistroader","acadrewhoexecutestheblacklineofliteratureandart",anddecentralize"labor"inXianning,Hubei.Hewasilltohemiplegiaandaphasia.Afterhewasbasicallycured,hecontinuedtoworkstubbornlyfornearly10years.Hediedin1985attheageof79.

AwardRecord

"TheStoryofLuoWenying"wonthefirstprizeofnationalchildren'sliteratureandartin1954;"TheBaldKing"and"DaLinandXiaoLin"werepraisedas"JiYeShengTao""TheScarecrow"isthesecondmilestoneinthehistoryofChinesefairytales;"TheSecretofTreasureGourd"andYanWenjing's"NextTimeSailingPort"aretwoimportantachievementsinthecreationoffairytalesinChinasincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofmycountry.Inrecognitionofhiscontributiontothecauseofchildren'sliteratureinmycountry,ZhangTianyiwasawardedthehonoraryprizeforthesecondnationaljuvenileandchildren'sliterarycreationappraisal.

Mainworks

"Fromemptinesstofulfillment"(shortstorycollection)1931,modern

"GhostDiary"(longstory)1931,ShanghainoonBookstore

"LittlePeter"(shortstorycollection)1931,ShanghaiChunguangBookstore

"Gear"(longstory)signedbyTieChihan,1932,Hufeng

"Year"(longstory)1933,goodfriend

"Bee"(shortstorycollection)1933,modern

"backandtits"(shortstory)1933,goodfriend

"DalinandXiaolin"(fairytale)1933,modern

"CounterAttack"(shortstorycollection)1934,life

"Migration"(shortstorycollection))1934,GoodFriends"Reunion"(ShortStoryCollection)1935,WenSheng

"TheCollectionofPeople"(CollectionofNovelsandScripts)1936,GoodFriends

"ChingMingFestival"(Novel)1936,ShanghaiLiteraturePublishingHouse

"WanRenYue"(shortstorycollection)1936,business

"TheBaldKing"(FairyTale)1936,WenSheng

"YangQiXia"(longstory)1936,ShanghaiXinzhongBookstore

"Chasing"(shortstorycollection)1936,enlightened

"SpringBreeze"(shortstorycollection)1936,WenSheng

"StrangePlace"(Novel)1937,WenSheng

"IntheCity"(Fiction)1937,GoodFriends

"Homecomers"(collectionofshortstories)1939,WenSheng

"OnCharacterDescription"(Theory)1942,Writer'sBookstore

BooksbyZhangTianyi(7Zhang)

"SelectedWorksofZhangTianyi"1951,enlightened

"TheStoryofLuoWenying"(Collectionofshortstories)1952,Zhongqing

"RongshengatHome"(Script)1953,Zhongqing

"BigBadWolf"(Script)1954,Zhongqing

"TaleoftheBrainless"(FairyTale)1956,Children

"TheSecretoftheTreasureCalabash"(FairyTale)1958,Children

"MiscellaneousLiteraryCriticism"(Comment)1958,writer

"TotheChildren"(acollectionofnovelsandscripts)1959,Humanities

"GototheMovies"(Novel)1960,LiteratureReformPress

"SelectedWorksofZhangTianyi"1979,Humanities"SelectedWorksofZhangTianyi"(collectionofnovels,fairytales,andscripts)1980,children

"GoldenDuckEmpire"(fairytale)1980,thepeopleofHunan

SelectedWorksofZhangTianyi'sShortStories(Volumes2and2)1981,CultureandArt

"SelectedWorksofZhangTianyi'sNovels"(Volumes1and2)1981,HunanPeople

"SelectedWorksofZhangTianyi'sFairyTales"1981,HunanPeople

"SelectedWorksofZhangTianyi'sChildren'sLiterature"1981,PeopleofJilin

"TwentyOne"andothers(collectionofshortstories)1981,PeopleofJiangxi

"ZhangTianyionCreation"1982,ShanghaiLiteratureandArt

"SelectedWorksofZhangTianyi"1983,SichuanPeople

"ZhangTianyiLiteratureReviewCollection"1984,Humanities

"CollectionofZhangTianyiWorks"(Volume1-7)1985—1989,ShanghaiLiteratureandArt(notpublished)

"ZhangTianyi'sFables"1986,AnhuiChildren

"BaoFamily"(shortstorycollection)1986,Baihua

"ZhangTianyiCollection"(FairyTaleCollection)1987,TomorrowPublishingHouse

"ZhangTianyiResearchMaterials"(editedbyShenChengkuan,HuangHouxing,WuFuhui)1982,SocialScience

OnDraftsofZhangTianyi'sNovels(DuYuanming)1985,PeopleofNingxia

OnZhangTianyi(editedbyShenChengkuan,ZhangDaming,WuFuhui,HuangHouxing)1987,HunanLiteratureandArt

PublishedBooks

Viewmorebooks

Characteristicsofcreation

CharacteristicsofZhangTianyi'ssatiricalnovels:

(1)Lookingdownonthesatiricalobject,focusingontheperspectiveinamomentoflifeTherichcharacterhistory,theoutlinesofthecharactersareclearandclean,andtheyaregoodatdistillingthecharacters'habitualactionsandlanguageintheDickensianstyle,graspingthecharacters'souloutlinestoexpandtheirsmallcharacteristics,andwritebigcharacters.

(2)Payattentiontotheflexibilityofthenarrativeperspective,useactionsandemotionsastheinternalbasisforthenarrativestructure,dilutetheplotofthestory,relyondramaticdetailsandcontradictionstostructurethenovel,andformafragmentedandsketchedhorizontalstructureAstronganddramaticnovelform.

(3)Spicyandunrestrainedcomicstyleexaggeratedstyle,expressivesatireart.

(4)FreshandflowingspokenEnglish.

ThreesatiricalthemesinZhangTianyi'snovels

1.Anti-hypocrisy.Thefirsttypeofhypocriticalimagesinhisworksarethoseoldlandlordsandoldbureaucratswhoaretraditionaldefenders.Forexample,in"BackandTits",thechiefgentryandgrandfatheroftheclanwantedtomolestRenSansao,butwasresisted,sohecleverlysetupapublictrialintheancestor'sXianghuoShrine,andlaterforcedRenSansaotoservehimasamortgagefordebtsinthenameofforcingherdebts.RenSansaopretendedtobesubmissive,tooktheopportunitytobeathimupandranawayovernight.Behindthelong-sister'scondemnationof"allevilandprostitutionisthehead"ishisdespicablepersonalitythatreliesonpowerandpower.Thenovelusesthemainstaytodescribethesediment,exposingthehypocrisyofNeo-Confucianism.Asfarassatiricalliteratureisconcerned,ZhangTianyiformallycapturedthecharactertraitsoftheselandlordsandcountrygentrywhodeceivedtheworldandhackedtheirreputationsandwerepowerfulandinthemiddle.Heusedsatiricaltechniquestoexposetheirhypocriticalthinkingandinsignificantbehavior,makingreaderslaughcontemptuously.Atthesametime,italsoshowstheauthor'sclassconsciousnessofloveandhatred,andwritesabouttheawakeningandresistanceoftheoppressed.Forexample,RenSansaoin"BackandTits"punishedtheeldestgrandfatherfiercely,andflewawaywithherlovedone.

Thesecondtypeofhypocriticalimageinhisworksisthecitybureaucratsonthemodernpoliticalarena.Thepoliticalsatiricalnovel"Mr.Warwick"createdatthebeginningoftheAnti-JapaneseWarishisrepresentativework.Mr.Warwickwasamunicipalbureaucratwhowasintheanti-Japaneseculturalcamp.Hehasastrongdesireforpowerbutisunlearnedandskillless.Hepretentiouslygoesoutsidetobluffanddeceive.Herunsaroundinarickshaweveryday.Heisbusyattendingvariousmeetingsandgettinginvolvedinallkindsofaffairs.Monopolyandmanipulatemassorganizationsandactivities.Throughthecreationofsuchanimageofabureaucraticbureaucracythatwas“all-in-onewithoutdoinganything”duringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan,theworkexposesthebehavioroftheKuomintangbureaucratstointerfereanddestroythepeople'sspontaneousanti-JapaneseorganizationsandactivitiesinthenameoftheAnti-JapaneseWar,whichhadawide-rangingsocialimpactatthattime.Moreover,thehypocriticalimageofMr.Warwickonthemodernpoliticalstageisalsodistinctivelyrepresentative,whichmakestheironiceffectoftheworkbreakthroughthelimitationsofpoliticsandthetimesandenterthelevelofculturalpsychologicalirony.

Second,anti-vulgarity.Forthosehumbleintellectuals,civilservantsandcitizens,ZhangTianyifocusedonexpressingtheirgraylifeandvulgar,sad,contradictoryandridiculouspsychologicalstate.Theymaybeemptyandbored,andtheyspendtheirdaysdrinking,wandering,andchattingaboutlove.Althoughtheyaredepressed,theyareunabletoextricatethemselves,andsometimesfallforthemselves.JingYein"FromEmptinesstoFullness","PigChangZi"in"TheSorrowofPigChangZi",andSangHuain"Migration"areallsuchcharacters.Ortheymaybeinastateofsorrowanddespair,dreamingofbeingpromotedandgettingrich.ThehumbleBaiMuyiin"OneYear",LiYitai,whoswayedthemarketwithanemptysoul,LiangMeixuan,whowasloyalandpeacefulthroughouthislife,andLuBaotian,whowasbothadogandahorsein"LuBaotian,"arethementalstatesofsuchlittlepeople.Itmakespeoplehateanddespisethevulgarlifefromlaughter.Theauthorhasnolackofbittersympathyintheironyandteasing,whichfurthershowsthedepthoftheexpressionofironicliteratureandthefloggingofhumanity.

Three,anti-feudalism.ForthecitizenslivinginthebottomofsocietylikeAhQ,thesatiricalthemesofZhangTianyi'snovelsareanti-vulgarityandanti-numbness,mourningtheirmisfortune,andangeringthemnotto"wakeup".ThisreflectsthatZhangTianyiwasdeeplyinfluencedbyLuXun.TheLaoBaointheshortstory"FatherandSonofBao"isasubmissiveservantwhoworksasaerrandinthebigmansion.Heisunwillingtobeinsuchahumblepositionforever,andwhenheisold,hehasnohopeofgettingrich.Thehopeof"climbingup"ispinnedonhissonBaoGuowei.Hedideverythingpossibletoenshrinehissontothe"ForeignSchool",becauseonlyafterhegraduatedfromthe"ForeignSchool"canhegettheopportunitytobecomeanofficialandmakeafortune,andLaoBaocanrealizehiswishtobecomeanoldlady.However,BaoGuoweididnotliveuptoit.Notonlydidhenotstudyhard,hebecamearoguestudent,andwasfinallyremovedfromtheschool.Asaresult,OldBaofellintoanembarrassingsituation.ThethoughtsandbehaviorsoftheBaosandhissonsdirectlyreflectthevulgarityofthelow-levelcitizensofsociety,andthedisillusionmentoftheiridealsistheinevitablefateofsuchhumblefigures.ForLaoBao,thisisnotonlyvulgar,butalsoignoranceandnumbnesstohelptheabuser."FathersandSonsofBao"isarepresentativeworkofZhangTianyi'ssatiricalnovels,anditisalsothetopgradeinmodernChinesesatiricalnovels.ItintertwinesandimprintsthebehaviorsofthefathersandsonsofBao'santagonisticways.Thewholeworkisfullofhumorandironyfulloftheupsanddownsoflife.LaoBaoisnotonlyanimageofapettycitizenwhosedreamshavebeenshattered,butalsoavictimoffeudalorderandculture.Theauthor'sLaoBaoisextremelydutiful,honestandloyal.HeisfullofChinesefeudalpatriarchalsystem,semi-colonialandsemi-feudalsocietyandcultureintertwinedwiththerootsofnationalinferiority,showingdistinctseculartragicomedycharacteristics.

Inshort,ZhangTianyiuseshisnovelstocreateaworldoftragedyandcomedyinvariousforms,whichisextremelyrichinconnotation.

Growingup

Duringelementaryschoolandmiddleschool

IreadalotofChineseandforeignliteraryworks.In1922,hewrotecomicanddetectivenovels,andpublishedashortstory"NewPoetry"inthe"Saturday"magazine.Aftergraduatingfrommiddleschoolin1924,heenteredtheShanghaiAcademyofFineArtstostudypaintingforoneyear.In1926,heenteredthepreparatorycourseofPekingUniversitybecausehewasdissatisfiedwiththecourseshetookandhisfamilywaspoor,sohedroppedoutthenextyearandworkedasatutor,clerk,reporterandeditor.Publishedashortstory"Threeandahalfdays'dream"in1929.

JointheChineseLeft-wingWritersUnion

JoinedtheChineseLeft-wingWritersUnionin1931,participatedintheworkofitsliteraryandartisticpopularizationresearchsociety,andassistedinediting"CrossStreet",etc.publication.Thecreativeoutputisincreasingdaybyday,facingreality,andthecontentissubstantial,bringingafreshbreathtotheliteraryandartworld.Shortstorieswrittenatthistimeincludecollectionssuchas"FromEmptinesstoFullness","LittlePeter","Bee","CounterAttack","Transition","Reunion","TenThousandYears","SpringBreeze","Chasing",etc.,Hisnovelsaregoodatsatireandhumor.Themostwrittenisthevulgarandridiculouslivesofordinarycitizensandsomeintellectualsinordertorevealthehypocrisyanduglinessofrealityandcriticizethemaladiesofthedeformedsociety."PaoandSons"ishisrepresentativework.Duringthisperiod,therewerealsonovels"DiaryofGhostLand","Gear","OneYear","PidginMan","IntheCity",thenovella"ChingMingFestival",andchildren'sliteratureincludinglongfairytales."DaLinandXiaoLin","TheBaldKing",thenovella"StrangePlace",etc.,integrateeducationinvividstorytelling,andpromotethedevelopmentofChinesechildren'sliterature.

TheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanAfterthestartoftheWarofResistanceagainstJapan

AftertheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanbegan,heparticipatedintheestablishmentoftheShanghaiLiteraryandArtisticSalvationAssociationandservedasthe"SalvationDaily""Editorialmember,directoroftheChinaNationalLiteraryandArtCirclesAnti-enemyAssociation.Thecollectionofshortstorieswrittenbyhim,"ThreeSketches",deeplyexposedthedarksideoftheAnti-JapaneseMovementintheKuomintangControlledArea,arousedtheattentionanddiscussionoftheliteraryandartcircles,andproducedawiderangeofsocialinfluences,stoppingthesituationof"desperatelyturningbackwards"intheChineseliteraryworldatthattime.Amongthem,"Mr.Warwick"ishismasterpieceofsatiricalnovels.In1942,hewasrecoveringfromlungdiseaseinChengdu,Shanghai,HongKongandotherplaces,andstoppedwritingformanyyears.Thefull-lengthfairytale"GoldenDuckEmpire"wasalsounfinishedduetoillness.HewenttoBeijingin1950;onceservedasdeputydirectoroftheCentralInstituteofLiterature,memberoftheChineseFederationofLiteraryandArtCircles,secretaryoftheSecretariatoftheChineseWritersAssociation,editor-in-chiefof"People'sLiterature",andeditorialboardmemberof"Children'sLiterature".Inadditiontoeditingpublicationsandcultivatingyoungliteraryandartworkers,heisalsoengagedinthecreationofchildren’sliterature,publishingnovels"GoingtotheMovies","TheStoryofLuoWenying"(wonthefirstprizeofNationalYouthandChildren'sLiteratureandArtCreationin1954),"TheyandWe",thefairytale"TheStoriesofNoBrain","TheSecretoftheGourd",thescripts"RongshengatHome","TheBigBadWolf",etc.,arecollectedandpublishedas"FortheChildren".Thecharactersareexquisitelyportrayed,richinimagination,livelyandinteresting,andwell-tempered.Theyhavebeenlovedbyyoungreadersfordecadesandhavemadeimportantcontributionstothedevelopmentofchildren'sliterature.Sincethe1930s,ZhangTianyihasalsopublishedmanynovelandoriginaltheoreticalcriticismarticles.Hehaspublishedmanyofhisworkssuchas"DiscussiononCharacterDescription","LiteraryMiscellaneousCriticism","ZhangTianyiLiteratureCriticCollection",etc.Ithasbeentranslatedintoavarietyofforeignlanguages​​andpublished.

Diedfromillness

ZhangTianyireturnedtoworkafterliberation,servedasamemberofthePartyGroupoftheChineseWritersAssociation,andmarriedShenChengkuan.Duringthe"CulturalRevolution",hewastortured.Afterthe"GangofFour"wascrushed,hewantedtowriteagain,butunfortunatelyfellill,paralyzedandaphasia,anddiedin1985.