Introduction
Working hours quota refers to the working time, preparation time, rest time and physiology required to complete a qualified product according to the product process under a certain technical state and production organization mode The sum of time. The time quota is the time required to complete a process, which is an indicator of labor productivity. According to the time quota, the production operation plan can be arranged, the cost accounting can be carried out, the number of equipment and staffing can be determined, and the production area can be planned. Therefore, the time quota is an important part of the process regulations. The time quota should be determined according to the production technical conditions of the enterprise, so that most workers can reach it through hard work, some advanced workers can exceed it, and a few workers can reach or approach the average advanced level through hard work. A reasonable time quota can mobilize the enthusiasm of workers and promote the improvement of workers' technical level. So as to continuously improve labor productivity. With the continuous improvement of the production technology conditions of enterprises, the fixed time limit will be revised to maintain the average advanced level of the quota.
Composition
The time quota is composed of basic time (Tj), auxiliary time (Tf), time to arrange work (Tw), rest and physiological need time (Tx), and preparation and termination Time (Tz) composition.
(1) Basic time Tj: The time consumed by the process of directly changing the size, shape, relative position and surface state of the production object is called the basic time. For machining, the basic time is the time it takes to cut the metal.
(2) Auxiliary time Tf: The time consumed by various auxiliary actions, called auxiliary time. Mainly refers to the time consumed by actions such as loading and unloading workpieces, starting and stopping the machine, changing the cutting amount, measuring the size of the workpiece, and moving in and out of the tool. It can be confirmed by checking the table.
(3) Operating time: Operating time=basic time Tj+auxiliary time Tf
(4) Service time Tw (time to place work): Time consumed for normal operation service , Called service time. Mainly refers to the time consumed for changing tools, trimming tools, lubricating machine tools, cleaning chips, and tidying up tools. Calculation method: Generally, the calculation is based on 2% to 7% of the operating time.
(5) Rest time Tx: The time consumed for restoring physical strength and meeting the needs of physiological hygiene, which is the rest time. Calculation method: Generally, it is calculated as 2% of the operating time.
(6) Preparation and finalization time Tz: The time spent preparing and finalizing the production of a batch of parts is called the preparation and finalization time. Mainly refers to the time consumed by familiarizing with process documents, receiving blanks, installing fixtures, adjusting machine tools, disassembling fixtures, etc. Calculation method: Estimate based on experience.
Time Classification:
Working Hours Classification< /p> | Code | Working hours Content | |
Working time | Basic working time | T作 | Manual operation time and manual operation time Operation time |
Auxiliary operation time | T Auxiliary | Clamping workpiece, unloading workpiece, driving, parking, approaching tool, retracting tool moving carriage, tailstock, rotary tool, etc. Loading and unloading tools, change Rotation speed, change the starting amount, first piece inspection. | |
Preparation end time | Tquasi-junction | Accept tasks, be familiar with drawings, receive work tickets, check work pieces, consider processing methods, borrow and return common tools and measuring tools, use tools and fixtures for loading and unloading, adjust equipment, and convert dimensions , Clean up the jigs and fixtures, and check the first article. | |
Time to arrange work place | Technically arrange work place p> | T technical cloth | Replace and sharpen tools, adjust measuring tools and Adjust the equipment and commission the equipment. |
Organize work place | T group cloth | Replace work clothes, check and lubricate equipment, borrow, return, organize tools and work, clean and organize work sites, wipe equipment, and remove iron filings , Sweep the floor, fill in the records, and go through the shift procedures. | |
Time needed for rest and physiology | Trest | To restore physical strength and eyesight rest, smoking, drinking water, and going to the toilet. | |
Non-productive time | Organization causes non-productive time p> | T group non | Looking for fixtures, materials, semi-finished products, leaders or Inspectors, leaders talking or participating in activities, meetings, business trips, team management, repairing tools or equipment that have nothing to do with them, and waste products that are not caused by workers. |
Non-productive time caused by individuals | Workers are not | Waste products caused by violation of process regulations or carelessness, repair of non-conforming products caused by personal reasons, personal work done by the individual, redundant Loss of working hours caused by actions, such as private work, medical treatment, breastfeeding, etc. | |
Downtime | Organization causes downtime | T group stop | Waiting for work, waiting for drawings, materials, cranes, transportation tools, Wait for inspections, tools and measuring tools, power outages, equipment failures, etc. |
Individually caused downtime | T Work stoppage | Late, leave early, absenteeism, casual chat, shift on duty, leave the post without authorization, and do private affairs. |
Significance
·The necessary scale to measure the contribution of employees and realize the distribution according to work
·Enterprise Internal cost control, an important basis for evaluating economic benefits
·The basis for preparing various plans in the enterprise and rationally organizing production
·Important means to improve production technology and tap labor potential< /p>
·An important part of the modern enterprise management system
Existing deficiencies
1. The method of formulating working hours quota is backward, and the quota level is generally low
< p>The empirical estimation method, statistical analysis method, standard data method and other widely used norm-setting methods have disadvantages such as lack of scientific data, complicated calculation process, cumbersome table linearization work, low work efficiency, etc. Insufficient application of advanced quota-setting methods.2. Lack of effective quota data management and analysis
Because of the backward formulation methods, the work-hour quota data is greatly affected by subjective factors, and the accuracy of the data is poor. The accumulated amount of work-hour quota data is huge, and there is a lack of tools for effective analysis and evaluation of the data. It is difficult to make scientific quota adjustments and is not conducive to the formation of advanced, reasonable, scientific, and stable quota basic standards.
