Briefintroduction
Softscienceisanemergingdisciplinebasedonpracticeandorientedtodecision-making.Itisasystematicdisciplinethatprovidessupportfordecision-making.
Inresponsetotheincreasinglycomplexdecision-makingissuesineconomicandsocialdevelopment,alargenumberofresearchesonsoftsciencehavebeencarriedout,suchas"theworld'snewtechnologicalrevolutionandmycountry'scountermeasures","theThreeGorgesProjectdemonstration",and"mannedspaceflightstrategyresearch"Andsoon,hasachievedsignificanteconomicandsocialbenefits.Theoutstandingfeaturesofsoftscienceare:first,itservesmajordecisionsrelatedtonationaleconomicandsocialissues;second,itintegratestheopinionsofscientistsandsociety,andprovidesscientificbasisandsupportfordecision-making;third,itisAninterdisciplinaryandinterdisciplinarydecisionscience.
Disciplinaryfeatures
Specifically,itreferstothecomprehensivesciencethatconductsresearchontechnology,economy,andsocialdevelopmentstrategyandmacro-control,andprovidesscientificbasisfordecision-making.Alsoknownasscientificcommandscience,strategicscience,policyscience,etc.Thetermsoftscienceisborrowedfromthenameofelectroniccomputersoftware.Itcomprehensivelyusestheknowledgeandmethodsofmodernscienceandtechnologysuchassystemtheory,systemmethod,decisionscienceandcomputertechnologytodealwithvariouscomplexsocialproblemsandnaturalphenomena,frompolitics,economy,science,technology,educationandothersociallinks.Ininternalrelations,studytheirobjectivelaws,seekwaysandsolutionstoproblems,andprovidescientificdecision-makingbasisfordevelopmentstrategies,goalplanning,policyformulation,andorganizationmanagement.
Therearestilldifferentopinionsonthedefinition,researchobjectandresearchscopeofsoftscience.ThedefinitionputforwardatthesoftscienceseminarheldinJapanintheearly1970sis:"Softscienceisanewcomprehensivescienceandtechnology,whichaimstoclarifythecomplexpolicyissuesofmodernsociety,andappliesinformationscienceandbehavioralscience.Theoriesormethodsinvariousfieldsrelatedtoscientificdecision-making,suchassystemsengineering,socialengineering,andmanagementengineering,arerapidlydeveloping.Interdisciplinaryresearchworkonawiderangeofsubjectsincludinghumanandsocialpoliciesrelyingonnaturalscientificmethods.."
SubjectProposed
Inallfieldsofhumansocialpractice,thetoolsandmethodsusedbypeoplehavealwayshadtwoparts,"hard"and"soft".Theysharedifferentfunctionsandplayaunifiedrole.However,inalongperiodofhistory,peoplealwaysfirstseetheroleofhardfactorsand"real"things,whilesoftaspectsandsoftfactorsareoftenignoredbecausetheirperformanceisnotobvious.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofthings,theroleofsoftfactorshasbecomemoreandmoreprominent,andpeople'sunderstandingofithasalsodeepened.Themostprominentfunctionofthesoftpartistheelectroniccomputer.Anelectroniccomputerisanoverallsystemcomposedoftwoparts:"hardware"and"software".Thehardwareisaphysicalformofinput,storage,operation,control,outputandotherstructuraldevices;thescienceasalargesystemiscomparedwithacomputersystem,Itcanbeconsideredthatsomesciencesmainlyplaytheroleof"hardware",whilesomesciencesmainlyplaytheroleof"software".
DevelopmentHistory
2007isthe20thanniversaryofthedevelopmentofsoftscienceinmycountry.Twentyyearsago,peoplewerestillveryunfamiliarwiththisimportedconcept.Now,likescienceandtechnology,softsciencehasplayedanimportantroleintheprocessofmycountry’seconomicandsocialdevelopmentandexertedanextraordinaryinfluence.Theproposal,theimplementationofthe"five-dayworksystem",andthelaunchoftheThreeGorgesProjectareallclassiccasessupportedby"softscience."Thehopefulyear2007iscomingtous.Whenwesaygoodbyetotheoldandwelcomethenew,thisnewspaperisdedicatedtoprovideasetofdocumentaryreportsonthe20thanniversaryofthedevelopmentofsoftscience,inthehopethatreaderswillbetterunderstandsoftscienceandusesoftsciencetoimplementthescientificdevelopmentconcept.Makenewcontributionstobuildingaharmonioussociety.
August1986.
AthoughtfulspeechwassenttothedeskofDengXiaoping,thechiefdesignerofreformandopeningup.
Afterreadingit,ComradeXiaopinggaveapencommentwithoutchangingaword:"Verygood,thefulltextispublished!"
Atthesametime,ComradeChenYunalsoreviewedthespeech."Thisspeechhasresolvedanimportantissuethatourpartyhasnotresolvedformanyyears."OnJuly31,1986,WanLi,thenamemberofthePoliticalBureauoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandVicePremieroftheStateCouncil,attendedthefirstNationalSoftScienceResearchSymposium.Atthemeeting,theabovespeechwasdelivered.Thethemeofthespeechisveryclear-thedemocratizationandscientificationofdecision-makingisanimportanttopicinthereformofthepoliticalsystem.
Sofar,"softscience"hasbeencloselylinkedwiththereformofChina'spoliticalsystem."Softscience"researchhaslandedandtakenrootthroughoutChina...
Importedconcepts,"SoftScience"cameintobeing
FromtheearlydaysofNewChinato1978,mycountry'ssoftscienceundertakingstartedanddevelopedslowly.
Intheearly1950s,mycountryfirstproposedanddevelopedtechnicaleconomics.Inaddition,operationsresearchandsystemsciencehavebeenrapidlydevelopedandpopularized,andmanyresearchinstitutionshavebeenestablishedtotrainAlargenumberofsoftscientificresearchtalentshavebeenrecruited.The"1956-1967ScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentPlan"implementedduringthisperiodwasoneofthemostsuccessfulearlysoftscienceresearchcasesinmycountry.
Retrievingtheoriginoftheterm"softscience",anindustryauthorityhasspecificallyconductedresearch.Themeaningof"softscience"originatedfromthebook"ScienceofScience"publishedintheUK.Japanwasthefirstcountrytousethespecificname"softscience".InMay1970,theJapanScienceandTechnologyAgencyheldthe"SoftScienceSymposium".The"WhitePaperonScienceandTechnology"publishedbyJapanin1971formallyusedtheconceptof"softscience".In1977,intheNo.6reportoftheJapanScienceandTechnologyConference,thedefinitionofsoftsciencewasgiven.
Atthesametime,Chinesescholarshaveconnectedthesoftscienceresearchinpracticewiththis,consideringtheneedtonamethisemergingandhugepotentialdisciplineinmycountry.
Atthattime,ZhangDengyi,formerdirectoroftheScienceandTechnologyPolicyBureauoftheNationalScienceandTechnologyCommission,recalledthat"science","policyscience","decisionscience","strategicscience",etc.,wereusedasreferenceprogramsforextensiveExplore.However,thesenamesaredifficulttoaccuratelysummarizeanddescribethecharacteristicsofthisdiscipline.Finally,ChinaborrowedfromtheJapaneseacademiccommunityandnamedit"softscience."
Infact,theessenceofmycountry's"softscience"issimilartothetraditionalWesterncategoryof"softscience".IfyoutracetheWesternliterature,asearlyas1914,inalecture,theBritishscholarRussellcreativelydividedallhumanknowledgesystemsoftheexternalworldintotwocategories:"soft"knowledgeand"hard"knowledge.
Scholarsbelievethattheconceptof"softscience"intheWestcanbeunderstoodfromitsowndegreeofaccuracy,specificity,andtestability.Theconceptof"softscience"inChinafocusesmoreonresearchfromthepurposeofdecision-making,researchobjects,andresearchmethods.
In1993,SongJian,formerdirectoroftheNationalScienceandTechnologyCommission,wroteforChina’sScienceandTechnologyBlueBookNo.8"SoftScienceinChina",sayingthattheentirescientificknowledgesystemthatsupportsdemocracyandscientificdecision-makingisavailableathomeandabroad.Referredtoas"softscience".ChengSiwei,chairmanoftheChineseSocietyforSoftScience,believesthatsoftscienceisasystematicengineeringinopenandcomplexgiantsystemssuchassocietyandeconomy,macro-levelmanagementscience,anddecision-makingscienceinthefieldsofpoliticsandeconomics.
AsfortheconnotationandessenceofChina'ssoftscience,thereisabroadconsensusintheacademiccommunity.
ChengSiweisummarizesthethreemaincharacteristicsofsoftscienceresearch:First,itsresearchobjectsaresocial,economicandotherman-made,openandcomplexgiantsystems;second,itsresearchmethodsarecomprehensive.Itisacomprehensiveintegratedmethodthatcombinesqualitativeandquantitative;third,itsresearchresultsaretosupportvariouslevelsofdecision-making.
IntheprocessofestablishingthenameofsoftscienceinChina,theacademiccommunityhasalwaysemphasizedthat"softscienceprovidesscientificbasisfordecision-making."
Thechoiceofthetimes,"softscience"comesoutimmediately
FromtheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeofthePartyin1978tothefirstNationalSoftScienceWorkSymposiuminJuly1986Theconveningisastageforthedevelopmentandgrowthofmycountry'ssoftscienceundertakingsfrommultipleanglesandlevels.
"Thissymposiumisalandmarkevent."ZhangDengyidescribedthis,andthesoftsciencecommunityalsocommentedonit.
AftertheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina,thepartyandthecountrysetoutchaosandsummeduptheexperienceandlessonssincethefoundingofNewChina.Theestablishmentofthepoliticallineof"centeringoneconomicconstruction",theideologicallineof"emancipatingthemindandseekingtruthfromfacts",andthesuccessfullaunchofthereformandopeningupcauseestablishedthestatusofinnovative"science"and"democracy"inChina.
In1978,thefirstNationalScienceConferenceusheredinthespringofscience.Atthisconference,ComradeDengXiaopingputforwardfamousthesissuchas"scienceandtechnologyareproductiveforces","intellectualsarepartoftheworkingclass",and"themodernizationofscienceandtechnologyisthekeytothefourmodernizations",whichgreatlyinspiredscientificandtechnologicalworkers.Enthusiasmtodevotetosocialistmodernization.
Atthesametime,thepartyandthecountryarepreparingcomprehensivereformsofscienceandtechnology,education,economy,andpoliticalsystems.
Wheredoesthereformofthepoliticalsystemstart?Whatisthedirectionofreform?Thiswasaquestionthatthecentralleadershipgroupurgentlyneededtothinkaboutandanswer.
Withthein-depthimplementationofvariouspoliciessuchasreformandopeningup,peoplehaveencounterednewsituationsandnewproblemsinvariousdevelopmentandconstructionpractices.Therearemoreandmoreproblemsthatrequiredecision-making.Itisbecomingmoreandmorecomplicated,andmanyissueshavebeendifficulttomakecorrectdecisionsbasedonthewillofindividualleadersorleadinggroups.Peoplebegantoexplorethescientificbasisandmethodsthatcanhelpleadersindecision-making.
Since1978,manyscientistsandleadingcomradeshavevigorouslyadvocatedthecombinationofnaturalsciencesandsocialsciencestoenhancetheirabilitytoresearchandsolvecomplexproblems.Therequirementsandcallsforscientific,democratized,andinstitutionalizeddecision-makingprovideanexcellenthistoricalopportunityfortheriseofsoftscienceinChina.
ZhangDengyirecalledthatduringthepreparationsforthefirstNationalSoftScienceResearchSymposium,DengNan,whowasthentheformerDirectoroftheNationalScienceandTechnologyCommission,askedWanLiforinstructions,andheaskedhimtoattendandmakeanimportantspeech.
Atthattime,thecentralleadershipwasexploringtheentrypointofpoliticalsystemreform.WuMingyu,formerdeputydirectoroftheNationalScienceandTechnologyCommission,andothersreportedtoWanlifromtheperspectiveof"scientificallyprovidingtechnicalsupportfordecision-making",whichattractedgreatattentionfromComradeWanli.
ComradeWanLi'sspeechcausedenthusiasticandstrongreactionsinsideandoutsidethemeeting,andtheyunanimouslyrequestedthatthefulltextbepublished.ComradeWanLiwasverycautiousandsentthetextofhisspeechtoComradesDengXiaopingandChenYunforreview.Thiswasthesceneatthebeginningofthisarticle.
ComradeWanLiproposedtovigorouslypromotescientificanddemocraticdecision-makinginhisimportantspeechentitled"Democratizationandscientificdecision-makingisanimportantsubjectofpoliticalsystemreform."Hepointedout,"Thefundamentalpurposeofsoftscientificresearchistoprovidescientificbasisfordecision-makingatalllevelsandtoserveleadershipdecision-making.Inthissense,softscientificresearchisdecision-makingresearch,whichistointroducescienceintothedecision-makingprocess.Intheprocess,modernscienceandtechnologyareusedtoadoptdemocraticandscientificmethodstoturndecision-makingintoaprocessofbrainstorming,scientificallybased,andinstitutionallyguaranteed,soastorealizethedemocratization,scientificationandinstitutionalizationofdecision-makinginordertospeedupourcountry’sModernization."
InthepressreleaseissuedbyXinhuaNewsAgency,thethemeis"Democratizationandscientificdecision-makingisanimportantsubjectofpoliticalsystemreform."Variousmeansandmethodstoimprovethescientificandculturalqualitiesofleadingcadresatalllevelsandtheabilityofmacrodecision-making."
Theinevitabilityofhistoryopensthevalveofprosperity
Thesymposium20yearsagoopenedthevalveofpowerfortheprosperityofsoftscience.Sincethen,China'ssoftsciencehasjustifieditsactiveparticipationinthetideofreform,openingupandmodernization.
ZhangDengyiandotherscholarsbelievethattherearefourtypesofpeoplewhohavereceivedunprecedentedencouragement.
Thedecision-makersparticipatinginthereformofthepoliticalsystem,theyholdaswordwateredbyscienceanddemocracyintheirhands.Withthesupportofsoftscience,theyarestridingforwardthroughobstacles;theyhavebeenengagedinvariousgovernmentdepartmentsforalongtime.Thesecretarialteamofthesurvey,whoseworkcontenthasbecomeapartofscientificresearch,hasalsoactivelyprovidedintellectualsupporttodecision-makers;scientificandtechnologicalpersonnelwhohavebeenengagedinsoftscientificresearch,thenatureoftheirworkhasbeenclarified,andtheresultsofsoftsciencewillbemultiplied;andThehugeteamengagedinscienceandtechnologymanagementhasbecomethemostdirectbeneficiaryoftheriseofsoftscience.
Thesuccessfulholdingofthesymposiumhasarousedstronginterestin"softscience"inthewholesociety.Thebusinessofsoftscienceisthriving.
In1987,the"ScienceandTechnologyManagement"awardoftheNationalScienceandTechnologyProgressAwardwasreplacedbythe"SoftScience"award,andaseriesofmajorsoftscienceachievementswereawarded."Technologypoliciesinseveralimportantfields"and"China'spopulationcontrol"havefar-reachingimpactandhavebecomeclassicsinthehistoryofsoftscience.
In1988,theNationalSoftScienceSteeringCommitteewasestablishedtoprovidecorrectguidanceforthepathofnationalsoftscienceresearch,andalsosentalargenumberoftalentsforthedemonstration,planning,andmanagementtrainingofmodernization.ChengSiwei,vicechairmanoftheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongress,isoneofthem.
In1994,theChinaSoftScienceResearchAssociationwasestablished,anditalsosetup"localnetworks"and"departmentalnetworks"tobecomeinstitutions,organizations,enterprises,institutions,expertsandscholarsengagedinsoftscientificresearchormanagement.Anationalacademicgroupvoluntarilyunitedtoachieveitspurpose.Nationalsoftscienceworkershaveconductednumerousmajordecision-makingstudies,whichhaveprovidedascientificbasisformajornationaldecision-making."Rejuvenatingthecountrythroughscienceandeducation"hasbeenestablishedasamajornationalpolicy,andthewidespreadof"technologicalinnovation"ideashavecontributedtosoftscienceworkers.
Inthepast20years,thevigorousdevelopmentofsoftscienceisabsolutelyinseparablefromthehighattentionandcorrectleadershipofthepartyandthegovernment.
In1990,1991,1994,1997,2002,2004...Thecentralgovernmenthascontinuouslyexpoundedandemphasizedthescientificanddemocraticdecision-makingatimportantpartymeetings,fromsystemconstructiontomechanismConstruction,fromprogramconstructiontoinstitutionconstruction,thescopeofsoftscienceresearchhasbeencontinuouslysupplementedandimproved.
Historyhasenteredanewerainthenewcentury.ThePartyCentralCommitteewithHuJintaoasthegeneralsecretaryemphasizesthatourpartymustimplementdemocraticgovernanceandscientificgovernance.
Alloftheseundoubtedlyprovideagoodpoliticalenvironmentforthevigorousdevelopmentofsoftscience;allofthesereflecttheurgentrequirementsofthetimesforscientificanddemocraticdecision-making.
PeoplewillneverforgetthatsoftscienceandChina'sdevelopmentinthepast20yearsarecloselyrelatedtoeachother.
Peoplewillneverforgetthe"markedmilestoneevent"20yearsago.
DisciplineVeil
Forscientificresearchtopics,technicalresearchandfinalresultsarethemostinteresting,buttheplanformulationstagebeforeimplementationOftenoverlooked.Whysetupthisproject?Howfeasibleisit?Whataretheeconomicandsocialbenefits?Howtoscreensimilartechnicalsolutionsandfocusontheuseoflimitedresources?...Thesearethequestionsthatsoftscienceneedstosolveandanswer.
Theso-calledsoftscienceisanemergingdisciplinebasedonpracticeandorientedtodecision-making.Itisasystematicsciencethatprovidessupportfordecision-making.ZhaoGang,DirectoroftheSoftScienceOrganizationDivisionoftheChinaScienceandTechnologyResearchCenterforDevelopment,said,“Theoutstandingcharacteristicsofsoftsciencearethat,first,theobjectsofsoftscienceservicesaremajordecisionsrelatedtothecountry’seconomicandsocialissues.Thesecondisthatitintegratestheopinionsofscientistsandsocietytoprovidescientificbasisandsupportfordecision-making.Third,itisaninterdisciplinaryandinterdisciplinarydecisionscience."
InJuly1986,theformerNationalScienceandTechnologyCommissionheldanationalsoftscienceresearchworkforum.TheStateCouncilhasputforwardthecallandrequirementsof"vigorouslydevelopsoftscience"and"strengthensoftscienceresearch".TheseimportantdecisionshaveestablishedtheimportantpositionofsoftscienceinChina'sdemocraticpoliticallife.
ChinahasgraduallyestablishedImprovedthesoftscientificresearchworksystem.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,therearenearly2,000softscientificresearchinstitutionsnationwide,withnearly40,000researchers,andmorethan10,000softscientificresearchprojectsarecarriedouteachyear.ChinesesoftscientificworkershavecarriedoutmanyResearchonmajordecision-makingissuesanddemonstrationofmajorengineeringprojectshaveachievedsignificantbenefitsandprovidedascientificbasisfornationaldecision-making.Comparedwithengineeringconstruction,softscientificresearchhaslessinvestmentandsignificanteffectsandbenefits.QianXuesenishailedas"amajoreventwithgreatprofit."
Researchobject
Theresearchobjectofsoftscienceisthesocialpracticesystem,thatis,thesocialactivitysystemcomposedofvariousrelatedparts,anditmustbea"person-thing-Thecomprehensivesystemofmotionlawof“things”andtheintegratedscienceoftheories,principles,principlesandmethodsforoptimizingtheleadershipandmanagementofthesystemasawhole.
Disciplinarygroups
Softscienceincludesaseriesofdisciplines,Butsystemsscience,whichaimsatstudyingthenature,structureandmotionlawsofsystems,isamajorcategoryofitsmaindisciplines.Theso-calledsystemscienceisacategoryconcept,whichincludesagroupofdisciplinessuchassystemtheory,informationscience,operationsresearch,andsystemsengineering.Sincesoftscienceservessystemleadership,overallmanagement,andstrategicdecision-making,leadership,management,anddecision-makingareanothermajorcategoryofsoftscience.Therelationshipbetweenthesethreedisciplinesisveryclose,becauseleadershipTheessenceisstrategicmanagement,anddecision-makingistheprimaryresponsibilityofleadershipandmanagement.Modernsystemleadership,overallmanagement,andstrategicdecision-makingallinvolvescienceandtechnology,economy,andsociety,andmustdealwithseveralaspectsoftherelationship.Therefore,Thescienceofscience,whichfocusesonthelawsofscienceandtechnology,andstudiestherelationshipbetweenscienceandtechnology,economics,andsociety,andtheirmutualinfluence,isanothermajorcategoryofsoftscience.Thescientificizationofhumanbehavioristhescienceofdecision-makingfirst,followedbybehavior.Theprocessisscientific.Therefore,theknowledgeofhumancreativethinking,thelawofbehavioralpsychologicalactivityandthepredictionoffuturedevelopmentarealsoamajorcategoryofsoftscience.Insummary,systemscience,leadershipandmanagement,andscienceAswellastalents,creativethinking,psychologyandbehavioralsciences,theyconstitutethefourmainsubjectsinthesoftsciencesystem.
Socialrole
TheexpressionandtransmissionofsoftscienceisConcernfortheincreasinglycomplex,deepenedandintegratedscientific,social,andeconomicrealities,itestablishestheintegrationofhumanitiesandscience.CommunicationandcooperationinvariousfieldsofscientificknowledgetrytoorganicallysolvehumanunderstandingundercomplexandopenconditionsThedilemmaoftheaboveListtheanswerstopracticalquestions.TheclearpurposeofChina'ssoftsciencecenteringonscientificanddemocraticdecision-makingistosupporttheentirescientificknowledgesystemofdemocracyandscientificdecision-making.Softsciencehasbecometheincarnationandsymbolofawidelyacceptedcomprehensivediscipline,systematicvisionandholisticapproachinChina.Inthedevelopmentofmorethan20years,softsciencehasmadesignificantachievements,buttherearealsosomeproblems.TheseachievementsandproblemsarenewgrowthpointsforthesustainabledevelopmentofsoftscienceinChina.
Relatedinformation
Inearly2010,theStateCouncilissuedthe"OutlineoftheNationalMediumandLong-termScienceandTechnologyDevelopmentPlan(2006-2020)",aprogrammaticdocumentofmorethan40,000words,Madeacomprehensiveplananddeploymentforthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinmycountryinthenext15years.However,somepeoplemaynotknowthatbehindthisdocumentaremorethan2,000expertsfromscienceandtechnology,economy,management,andenterprises.Itisaarduousdemonstrationofmorethanayearon20topics.
"Thenationalmediumandlong-termscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentplanningstrategystudyisthelargestsoftscientificresearchinmycountryinthenewcenturyandoneofthemostsuccessfulsoftscientificresearches."XuGuanhua,MinisterofScienceandTechnology,commented.
ThecomprehensiveevaluationoftheThreeGorgesProject,thedemonstrationofthedevelopmentalongtheBeijing-KowloonRailway,thedemonstrationoftheSouth-to-NorthWaterDiversion,thelaunchoftheQinghai-TibetRailway...softscienceresearchhasplayedastrategicandforward-lookingroleinthemajordecisionsofmycountry'snationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentThekeyroleofsex.
From"pastingthehead"toscientificdemonstration
Themistakeofdecision-makingisthebiggestmistake.Inthepast,thedecisionmadeby"pastingthehead"madeuspayThehugesocialcost.WangYiming,vicepresidentoftheMacroeconomicResearchInstituteoftheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,said,“Ifyouwanttodemonstratethetechnologicaldevelopmentinacertainfield,youoftenneedtomobilizethousandsofexpertstoprovidescientificsupportfordecision-making."
TheargumentabouttheThreeGorgesProjectcanbesaidtobeaclassicexampleofsoftscienceresearch."TheargumentationprocessoftheThreeGorgesProjectdecisionisanexampleofagoodcombinationofsoftscienceresearchandhardtechnologyresearch.Organizingmulti-disciplinaryexperts,multi-disciplinary,inter-departmental,inter-field,andlargecorpscombatexamples.Inthisprocessofdecision-makingandargumentation,morethan1,000peoplehaveparticipated."SaidShiDinghuan,CounseloroftheStateCouncilandformerSecretary-GeneraloftheMinistryofScienceandTechnologywhohaddirectlyparticipatedintheThreeGorgesProject.
Manypeopleaskedforit.ShiDinghuanrecalled,"Atthattime,theStatePlanningCommissionhelditsfirstmeetingontheThreeGorgesProjectdemonstrationinJingfengHotel.Irememberthattheproposalwasalowdamwithadamheightof150meters,whichseemedtobealmostthesame,buttherewerestillmanyexpertswhoraiseddifferentopinionsandthedebatewasfierce."
"Later,theThreeGorgesProjectDemonstrationLeadingGroupjointlyformedbytheStateScienceandTechnologyCommissionandthePlanningCommissionfullydemonstratedtheproblemsfacedbytheThreeGorgesProjectandtheproblemsthatmayariseinthefuture.Atthattime,thereweretwoopinions.OneopinionbelievesthattheThreeGorgesProjecthasnomajorproblemsandshouldbeimplementedassoonaspossible;whileanotheropinionbelievesthattheThreeGorgesProjectstillfacesproblemssuchassedimentation,geology,migration,ecology,andcomprehensivebenefitevaluation.Inthelatteropinion,therearefiercedebatesaboutwhethertheimmigrationproblemcanbesolved,howitcanbesolved,whethertheecologicalenvironmentproblemcanbesolved,howitcanbesolved,andtheprotectionofculturalrelicsandotherissues."
"Finally,thedemonstrationworkoftheThreeGorgesProjectwastransferredtotheMinistryofWaterResourcesfordemonstration.LaterfactsprovedthatthepreliminarydemonstrationoftheThreeGorgesProjectwasrelativelysufficient,layingthefoundationforthelaterprojectdesignandconstruction.Ofcourse,intheprocessofprojectconstruction,problemswillgraduallybeexposed,andfurtherresearchisneeded."ShiDinghuansaid.
Heavyhardandlightsoftstillexist
Thephenomenonthatthescientificandtechnologicalcirclesemphasize"hard"andlight"soft"stillexists."PeopleoftenpayattentiontoHardachievementssuchashigh-tech,butthegoldencontentofsoftachievementssuchasthe'high-techdevelopmentstrategy'cannotbemeasured."Somesoftscienceresearcherssaid.
Althoughthedevelopmentofsoftsciencehasgraduallygainedattention,theinvestmentinsoftscienceresearchstillneedstobestrengthened.Accordingtoreports,indevelopedcountries,theproportionofsoftscienceinvestmentusuallyaccountsforItsresearchanddevelopmentfundingis5%-10%,whiletheproportioninChinaislessthan1%.Inthisregard,ShiDinghuansuggestedthatvariousgovernmentdepartmentsshouldadoptvariousformstoincreaseinvestmentinsoftscienceresearchandletsoftsciencebethedecision-makingprocess.Thescientizationanddemocratizationofthegovernmentwillplayagreaterroleinenhancingtheconstructionoftheabilitytogovern.
Softscientificresearchresultsarehard-won,butitcannotbeignoredthatmanysoftscientificresearchresultshavebeenshelved.
Therearesomesoftscienceresearcheswholiketogothroughtheformalities,gothroughthescenes,andfinallymakeirrelevantsuggestionsorconclusions."ShiDinghuanisnotpolite,pointingdirectlytotheillsinthecurrentsoftscienceresearch,"softscienceresearchshouldundergoin-depthinvestigation,research,anddiscussion.,Evenfiercecontroversy.Itisnecessarytocomprehensivelyimprovetheefficiencyofsoftscientificresearch,strengthenevaluation,andtrulymaketheresultsofsoftscientificresearchplayaroleindecision-making."
"Thereisanotherimportantpoint,thatis,tocreateAhigh-levelsoftscientificresearchteam."WangYimingalsoagreedwiththis."ThetalentsneededbytheSoftScienceResearchInstitutearenotjustprofessionals,butalsohaveamacroscopicandglobalperspective,andhaveawealthofknowledgestructureandpracticalexperience.Inaddition,theymustfullyunderstandthenationalconditions,understandthedecision-makingprocess,andhaveagoodunderstandingofforeignexperienceandpractices.Haveacertainunderstanding."