Six tao - techintroduce

Introductiontothework

"SixSecretTeachings",alsoknownas"TheTaigongSixSecretTeachings"and"TheTaigongArtofWar",isafamousmilitarybookinancientChina.AnimportantpartoftheclassicalmilitaryculturalheritageoftheChineseHannationality,itscontentisbroadandprofound,itsthoughtsaresophisticatedandrichinsupport,anditslogicismeticulousandrigorous.ItisaconcentratedexpressionoftheessenceoftheancientHannationality'smilitarythought.Thebookhassixvolumesandatotalofsixtychapters.

Thecontentof"SixSecretTeachings"isveryextensive,andalmostallissuesrelatedtowarandvariousaspectsareinvolved.Themostexcitingpartisitsstrategicandtacticaltheory."ZhanGuoCe"Volume22"WeiCeYi":"SuZiquotedfromtheBookoftheWeek,saying:'Willitbeendless,howcanitbedone?Ifthehairisnotplucked,youwillbecomeaxe.Ifyouworryaboutit,youwillhaveseriousproblemsafterwards.What?'"SuZiisSuQin,andthe"BookofZhou"hererefersto"TheTaigong'sGoldenChamber"or"TheTaigong'sConspiracy.""KaiyuanZhanjing"volume6andvolume11quoted"ShangshuJingui",accordingtoYaoZhenzong's"SuishuJingjiZhizhi·TaigongJingui"citedYanKejunsaid:"Doubtmeans"TaiGongJingui"synonymous."

"WarringStatesPolicy"Volume3"QinCe":"(SuQin)gottheplanoftheTaigongYinTalisman,andreciteit,conciselythoughttofigureitout.""ZhouShuYinSymbol".Theinterpretationof"Zhuangzi·XuWugui"quotedSimaBiaoandCuiZhuan:"TheGoldenEditionandtheSixTaoismsarethetitlesoftheZhoushu."TheYinqueshanHanTombBambooSlipsalsobelievesthat:"TheBookofTaigong,"ItwasalsocalledZhouShuinancienttimes,andtheproofsaid:“Thereisafragmentof"TheTwentyEightKingdomsofZhouZhi"inthefragmentoftheDunhuangmanuscriptof"SixTao",andthetextisslightlythesameasthatofZhouShu·History.,TherearealsoquiteafewpeoplewhoareinconsistentwiththeTaigong's"SixSecretTeachings","Conspiracy",and"TheGoldenChamber"(seeYanKejun's"AllAncientThreeDynasties"Volume7).

Theso-called"LüShiChunQiu"ZhouShu'mayalsorefertoTaigong'sbook."(IntheYanKejuncase,"YinTalisman"istheplotofYinTalisman."WarringStatesPolicy""SuQingottheplotof"TaiGongYinTalisman"","HistoricalRecords"as"TheBookofZhou""YinFu"",coveristhe"HanZhi""TaigongMou"eighty-onearticles.Cloud"ZhouShu",ZhouShiofficialrecords,still"SixTao"calledZhouShi.ZhucitedZhouShu"Yin""Fu",or"BookoftheWeek",toverifythatitisnot"YiZhouShu".RecordedattheendoftheTaigong,and"SixSecretTeachings","Conspiracy"and"GoldenChamber"eachother,donotthinkyouwillseeagain.)

"Taigong'sGoldenChamber","BookofSui·JingJiZhi","YiLin","OldTangBook·JingJiZhi"and"TongZhiLue"areallcontainedin2volumes.

"TaigongConspiracy","SuiShu·JijiZhi":""TaigongConspiracy"onevolume(Liangsixvolumes.Liangalsohas"TaigongConspiracy"threevolumes,explainedbyEmperorWeiWu).""Old"BookofTang·JingJiZhi","NewTangBook·ArtandLiteratureHistory"in3volumes,"GeneralHistory·ArtandLiteratureBriefing":"TheConspiracyoftheTaigong"inonevolume,andthreevolumes(AnnotatedbyEmperorWeiWu)."

Clearlyrecord"Taigong'sGoldenChamber"and"Taigong'sConspiracy"althoughtheywerefirstseenin"SuiShu·JiJiZhi",butinfacttheyarein"SevenLue"and"HanShu·YiWenZhi"."BingshuBrief·StrategyofMilitaryStrategy"in"Hanshu·Yiwenzhi":"Thirteenmilitarypowersplan,twohundredandfifty-ninearticles."Asmallnotesays:"Province"Yiyin","Taigong","Guanzi",and"SunQingzi""Heguanzi","Suzi","Kuitong","LuJia","HuainanKing"259kinds,"Sima"isalsoincludedintheceremony."

WesternHanDynastyNationalBookCatalog"LueZhuZiLue"of"HanYiWenZhi":""Taigong"237.(LvWangisMasterZhouShangfu,whooriginallyhadTaoism.ItmayhavebeenaddedbythosewhothoughtTaigongShuinmoderntimes.)"Thereareeighty-onearticlesin"Mou",seventy-onearticlesin"Yan",andeighty-fivearticlesin"Bing"."QingShenQinhansaid:"Mu"isTaigong's"Conspiracy",and"Yan"isTaigong's"Golden"."TheDeficiency","Bing"means"TaigongArtofWar".

Inthe"Hanshu·Yiwenzhi",the"BingQuanMou"bet"Province"Taigong"",andthereisnodoubtthatpartofthe"BingQuanMou"isfromthe"Taigong"recordedin"SevenLue".GuShisaid:"Forexample,thereareeighty-onearticlesin"Taigongmou"inthisbook,85articlesin"Bing",thecurrenteditionof"Guanzi·TheArtofWar","Participation","Xunzi·Yibing","Huainan·StrategicStrategy"""andotherarticlesshouldbeincludedinthis259tharticle."Theformersagehasprovedthatthe"Mou"recordedin"Hanshu·Yiwenzhi"is"conspiracy",thatis,"TaigongConspiracy",and"yan"is"Taigong'sGoldenChamber"and"Bing"are"Taigong'sArtofWar"or"SixSecretTeachings"or"SixSecretTeachingsofTaigong".

QianDazhaosaid:""Mou","Yan"and"Bing",asfarasthetwohundredandthirty-sevenarticlesareconcerned,"Taigong"hasthegeneralname."ShenQinhansaid:""Mou"ThosewhoaretheTaigong’s"Intrigue",the“words”arethe"GoldenChamber"oftheTaigong,andallthegoldeditionsofthegoodwords."Yuan"referstoall."Bing"means"TaigongArtofWar","SuoYuan·ZhiwuPian"quotes"TaigongArtofWar"."GuShisaid:""Sui","TangZhi"and"TongZhi"record"TherearemanykindsofTaigongshu,andthe"TongKao"onlyhasthe"SixTaoists"."Zhuangzi"iscalled"GoldenVersionofSixTaoists",and"Huainanzi"alsosays"GoldenLeopardTao"."

Thereisanother"SixChaptersofZhouHistoryandSixTaoisms"in"Books·ArtandLiteratureHistory"in"ZhuZilue·Confucianism",asmallnote:"betweenHuiandXiang,orthetimeoftheking,orConfuciusWenYan."YanShiguthoughtthat"thepresent"SixSecretTeachings"isalso."Theofficialsofthe"Siku"didnottakeitseriously,thinkingthatthesearetwokindsofbooks.ShenTao's"EssaysonCopperIronHouse"intheQingDynastyprovedthatthe"SixTaoist"in"HanZhi"shouldbea"bigTao"."Itshouldbewithinthe237thchapterof"TheTaigong"."YaoZhenzong's"SuishuJingjiZhizhi"thoughtthat"thisproofisextremelycore."Itcanbeseenthat"TheTaigong'sGoldenChamber","TheTaigong'sConspiracy",and"TheTaigong'sLawofWar"maybe"SixSecretTeachings"areallfrom"Taigong".

"HistoricalRecords·TheFamilyofEmperorQiTaigong":"ZhouXibochang'sTuoyili,returnedtoLuShangconspiredtocultivatemoralityinordertoindulgeinbusinessandpolitics,anditsaffairsaremanymilitarypowersandmiracles.Theyinpoweristheplanoftheemperor."Volume11of"StoryofDistressedLearning"alsoquotedYeMengdeassaying:"Hiswordscoverthe"SixSecretTeachings"."SongDaiying's"MousePu"isunderthevolume:"TotheKingofWen"ConspiringwiththeTaigongtoengageinbusinessandpolitics,thematterisalotofmilitarypower,butthe"HanShu·Yiwenzhi"notes:'LvWangisthefatherofZhouShang,whooriginallyhadtheTao,orhasthemodernTaigongarttoincrease.'HanIt’sbeensuspectednow,butnowyoucanmakeYoukeXiaseriousone?"SongHexie"ChunzhuJiwen"Volume5"AncientBookSuoMing":"XianjunYan"SixTaoist"isnotwrittenbyTaigong,thereistextualresearchinit.Theplace."MingHuYinglin's"FourBudsZhengyu":"Inthestudyof"HanZhi",thereis"SixTaoist".Atthebeginning,theTaigongappearedintheearlydays,andthebookdiedattheendoftheEasternHanDynasty.Forthisreason,the"SuiZhi"and"TheSixSecretTeachings"arealso."

The"HistoricalRecords·TheFamilyofLiuhou"describesthebookpresentedbyZhangLiangdeandhisfatherinWeishang,"Itisregardedasthe"TaigongArtofWar"."Theformerquoted"WarringStatesPolicy·QinPolicy",andevenmoreremembersSuQinde's"TheConspiracyofTaigongYinTalisman".Regarding"Taigong"asaworkbetweentheChuandHandynastiesandevenintheHandynasty,itseemstobeconservative.Historically,scholarsjudgedittobeaworkoftheWarringStatesPeriodbasedonthecontentof"SixTaoist".

SongYeshi's"XiXueJiYan"Volume46"SixTao":"Hiswordsavoidthemainhall,itisaftertheWarringStatesperiod,anditwillbethegrandson.""XueXueJiWen"Volume5:"AncientcarWar.IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,ZhengJinhadapprentices,andthecavalrycoverbeganatthebeginningoftheWarringStatesperiod.Therewerechariotsbeforetheceremony.Thebookof"SixSecretTeachings"shouldbefortheweekend."

1972In1988,thebambooslipsunearthedfromtheWesternHanTombinYinqueMountain,Linyi,ShandongProvince,someofthebambooslipsofTaigong'sbookwhosecontentisbasicallythesameasthatofthecurrent"SixTaoist"areconsideredtobe"SixTaoist".Thereare14groupsinYinqueshan'sSixSecretTeachings,whichcanbedividedinto3categories.Groups1-7belongtothefirstcategory.Thosewhoareseeninthebiographyof"SixTaoism","WenTao"4groups,and"WuTao"3groups.Groups8-13belongtothesecondcategory,allofwhichhavebeenquotedbybookssuchas"QunshuZhiyao","Tongdian",and"TaipingYulan".The14groupsbelongtothethirdcategory,whicharescatteredandfragmentedbambooslips.Thesimplifiedstylesandfontsaresimilartothoseofthefirstandsecondcategories.ThesimpletextalsomentionstheKingofWenorTaigongwang,andaccordinglybelongstothesimplifiedversionof"SixTaoist".

In1973,intheWesternHanDynastytombatBajiaolangNo.40,DingxianCounty,Hebei,itwasalsofoundthatmanybambooslipshadthewordsWenwang,Wuwangwen,Taigongsaid,whichmaybethesameorsimilartothecontentofthecurrent"SixTaoist".Inparticular,thefontoftheshorttextisdifferentfromothershorttexts,andthestyleisinferiortotheothertypesofshorttexts,soitiseasytodistinguish.TheseJanewerecalled"Taigong"intheearlydays,andlaternamed"SixSecretTeachings"."CulturalRelics"publishedinthefifthissueof2001theinterpretationofthisbatchofbriefs.Thereare144bambooslipsidentifiedasbelongingtothe"SixTaoist"intheDingzhouHanBambooSlipsbasedonthesimplifiedform,content,andfontsofthebambooslips,withatotalof1402characters.Atotalof13titleshavebeenfoundinthesimplifiedessay"SixTao".

ThetwoHantombsinYinqueshanareestimatedfromtheunearthedcoinsandthe"YuanguangFirstYearCalendar"unearthedfromTombNo.2.TheburialdateofTombNo.1isbetween140and118BC.Duringtheperiod,tombNo.2wasburiedbetween134and118yearsago.ThecopyingdateofthebambooslipsofYinqueshanHantombshouldbeearlierthanthetomb.Yinqueshanbambooslipsbelongtotheearlyofficialscript,andtheywerewrittenintheearlydaysofEmperorWuintheWesternHanDynasty.ThetombofHanDynastyNo.40atBajiaoGalleryinDingzhou,theownerofthetombisthekingofZhongshanHuaiLiuXiu,whodiedin55BC,thewritingdateofDingzhouBambooSlips"SixTaoist"mustbeearlierthanthistime.YinqueshanandDingzhouJianalsoshowedthat"SixTaoist"waswidelyspreadintheearlyyearsoftheWesternHanDynasty,andofcourseitwaswrittenearlier.Yinqueshan's"SixTaoist"textsdonotavoidthetaboooftheHanemperor,suchasthecharacter"bang"oftheemperoroftheHanDynastyLiuBang,thecharacter"heng"oftheHanwenemperorLiuHeng,etc.TheDingzhouBambooSlips"SixTaoist"donotavoidtheHanemperorLiuHeng's"Heng"characteralsoprovesthatthewritingageof"SixTaoist"predatestheHanDynasty.

DingzhouBambooSlips"SixSecretTeachings"mentionedtheemperor"WangLiang".WangLiangwasthegoodhorsemanoftheJincountryintheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Itismentionedin"ItshouldbebeforetheearlySpringandAutumnPeriod.

TaoXianoncecommentedon"HanShu·YiWenZhi":"Province"YiYin","Taigong","GuanZi","SunQingzi","Heguanzi","SuZi","Kuitong",""LuJia"and"HuainanKing"are259importantarticles,coveringthefollowingninearticlesin"Qilue""Yiyin",allofwhichareincludedinConfucianism,Taoism,verticalandhorizontal,andhybridschools.Thestrategist,re-enterhere,gotatotaloftwohundredandfifty-ninearticles."Theauthorsaidinthepast:Therewerenosoldiersinthepre-QinDynasty.DuringtheWarringStatesPeriod,warwasthesubjectofvariousnationalpoliticalideologies.Confucianism,Taoism,andMohismallhadtheirownmilitarybooks."SixSecretTeachings"or"TaigongArtofWar"wereundoubtedlythepartof"Taigong".Thework"Taigong"isaquestionandanswerbetweenKingWen,KingWuandTaigong.TaigongLuwangwasthemilitarycommanderoftheZhoupeople'swartodestroymerchantsandwassealedintheQistate.Therefore,thework"Taigong"camefromtheQistate."Taigong"istheworkofQiStateduringtheWarringStatesPeriod.

Inthe"GoldenChamber"and"TheInscriptionoftheGoldenMan",TaiGongLuWangalsoquotedHuangDiassayingthatMr.LiLingbelievedthattheYellowEmperor'sbooks"aremainlypracticalbooksfocusingonmathematicsandprescriptions,andThebranchofthescienceofmathematicsinmilitaryscienceisBingYinandYang;itismainlyfoundinthephilosophersofYinandYang,Taoism,andtheirnovelmiscellaneousnotes."Therearemathematicsbookssuchas"TheYellowEmperorandChiyou"and"HuangdiSuNu"inthebookofHuangdi."Question"andothertechnicalbooks,"TheTaigongConspiracy"and"TheTaigong'sGoldenChamber"aretheconspiracybooksoffamouspeopleongoverningthecountryandusingsoldiers.

Inshort,"Taigong'sGoldenChamber","Taigong'sConspiracy","Taigong'sArtofWar"or"SixSecretTeachings"areallthecontentsof"Taigong",and"Taigong"isaworkoftheWarringStatesPeriod.

BookCatalog

"SixSecretTeachings"aretitledWen,Wu,Dragon,Tiger,Leopard,Dog,eachinonevolume,withatotalofsixtyone,nearlytwentythousandCharacter.

VolumeOne

"WenTao"isdividedinto"WritingMaster""Yingxu","StateAffairs","BigCeremony","MingFu","SixShou","ShouTu"and"ShouGuo"Thetwelvechaptersof"ShangXian","CultivationofXian","RewardandPunishment",and"WarRoad"mainlydiscusshowtoenrichthecountry'sstrengthbeforefightingandprepareforwarmateriallyandspiritually.Forexample,wemustfirstenrichthecountryandstrengthenthepeopleinternally,andeducateandtrainthepeoplesothattheyareunitedinoneheartandthesameenemy;externally,wemustgrasptheenemy'ssituationandkeepourownsecretsinordertoremaininvincible.

Volume2

"WuTao"isdividedintofivechapters:"Faqi","Wenqi","Wenfa","Shunqi"and"ThreeDoubts"."Bingdao"islistedbefore"ThreeDoubts".Thisvolumemainlydiscussesthestrategyofgainingpowerandfightingagainsttheenemy,emphasizingthatyoumustknowthesituationoftheenemyandourselvesbeforefighting,makecomparisons,anduseyourownstrengthstoovercometheenemy'sshortcomingsinordertowin.

VolumeThree

"LongTao"contains"WangYi","OnGenerals","SelectedGenerals","MainGenerals","Generals","Lijun","YinSymbols"and"ThethirteenchaptersofYinShu,“MilitaryPower”,“AmazingSoldiers”,“Pentagrams”,“BingExpeditions”,and“AgriculturalTools”mainlydiscusstheartofmilitarycommandanddeploymentoftroops.Determinehowtoissueordersandcommunicateinformation.Italsopointedoutthatattentionshouldbepaidtotherighttimeandplace,weaponsandequipment,andmaterialsupplies.

VolumeFour

"TigerTao"isdividedinto"Military","ThreeArrays","Fighting","MustOut","MilitaryStrategy","Immortal","Dynamic"and"Golden"Thetwelvechaptersof"Drum","DefiniteWay","Liedi","FireFighting",and"Leixu"mainlydiscussthetacticsandotherissuesthatshouldbepaidattentiontoinwide-areaoperations.

VolumeFive

"LeopardTao"isdividedinto"LinZhan","SuddenBattle","BangQiang","EnemyWu","MountainSoldier","ZeSoldier"and"SmallPeople"Theeightchaptersof"DivisionofRisks"mainlydiscussthetacticsandotherissuesthatshouldbepaidattentiontoinvariousspecialterrainoperations.

VolumeVI

"CanineTao"isdividedinto"DivisionandCombination","WuFeng","Practitioner","TeachingWar","EvenSoldiers","Warrior","Warrior"Tenchapterssuchas"WarCavalry","Chariot",and"BattleSteps"mainlydiscusstheproblemsofcoachingandselectionofsoldiers,aswellashowvarioustypesofarmscancooperateincombattogivefullplaytotheeffectivenessofthearmy.

HistoricalSignificance

"SixSecretTeachings"isaworkofpre-Qinmilitarythoughts.Thebasictheoryandcategoryof"SixSecrets"advocatesthattheweakisbetterthanthestrongandthesecretisnotrevealed.HeJingxuanmo,etc.,whilealsoquotingthebookofthe"YellowEmperor",throughtheformofdialoguebetweenKingWen,KingWuandLuWang,discussingtheoriesandprinciplesofgoverningthecountry,governingthearmy,andguidingwar,whichhasagreatinfluenceonthemilitarythinkingoffuturegenerations.,Isknownastheancestorofmilitarystrategists.

SimaQian’s"HistoricalRecords·TheFamilyofQiTaigong"stated:"ThewordsandwarsoflatergenerationsandthepoweroftheyinoftheZhouDynasty.Alltheemperorsarethemasters."DuringtheYuanfengreignofShenzongoftheNorthernSongDynasty,"SixTaoist"waslistedas"OneoftheSevenBooksofWujing,amust-readbookformartialarts."SixSecretTeachings"wasintroducedtoJapaninthe16thcenturyandEuropeinthe18thcentury.IthasnowbeentranslatedintoJapanese,French,Korean,Vietnamese,English,Russianandotherlanguages.

Historicalvalue

"SixTaoist"isdividedinto"WenTao","WuTao","LongTao","TigerTao","LeopardTao"and"DogTao".Onewayofsayingis:"LongTao","TigerTao","FengTao","WolfTao","LeopardTao"and"DogTao"soitiscalled"SixTao")."SixSecretTeachings"isaworkofpre-Qinmilitarythought."SixSecretTeachings"discussestheoriesandprinciplesofgoverningthecountry,governingthearmyandguidingwarthroughthedialoguebetweenKingWen,WangWuandLuWang,andmilitarythoughtsforfuturegenerations.Ithasagreatinfluenceandisknownastheancestorofmilitarystrategists.SimaQian’s"HistoricalRecords·FamilyofEmperorQiTaigong"stated:"ThewordsofthelatergenerationsandthepowerofYinandthepoweroftheZhou.Alltheemperorsarethemasters."DuringtheYuanfengreignofShenzongoftheNorthernSongDynasty,"SixTaoist"waslistedasoneofthe"SevenBooksofWujing",Amust-readbookformartialarts."SixSecretTeachings"wasintroducedtoJapaninthe16thcenturyandEuropeinthe18thcentury.IthasnowbeentranslatedintoJapanese,French,Korean,Vietnamese,English,Russianandotherlanguages.

Theexistingbook"SixSecretTeachings"isofcoursecontroversial.Somepeoplethinkitisamilitarybook,arealbook,andsomepeoplethinkitisafakebook.Thiscanbeignoredforthetimebeing.LetuslookathowZhangTaiyanhimselfunderstandsthenatureof"GoldenEdition"and"SixSecretTeachings".ZhangTaiyanbelievesthat"GoldenEdition"and"SixSecretTeachings"arethetitlesof"Shoushu",notthebookofwar.Hequotedthewordsin"Zhuangzi·XuWugui"in"XinShu·DingLi":"WomenmerchantsstudyWeiJunya,Hengsaidthattheyarebasedon"Poems","Books",ArsenicMountains,and"Les".Withthe"GoldenVersion"and"SixSecretTeachings"inthenextchapterofthispassage,hesaid:"The"GoldenVersion"and"SixSecretTeachings"Taigongshualso."Thisisconsistentwiththecurrentobservable,Juyi'sBookofZhou.Moreover,thetitlesof"GoldenEdition"and"SixTaoist"arenottheinventionofZhangTaimoxibustion,asearlyasin"LüShiChunQiu"Thereisarecordof"Taigong"beingcalled"BookofZhou".Later,ChengXuanying,SimaBiao,CuiMiu,etc.allbelievedthat"GoldenEdition"and"SixTaoist"werethetitleof"BookofZhou",notthebookofwar.AccordingtotherecordsofChaoGongwu's"ReadingRecords",fromtheSongDynasty,"SixTaoism"and"SunTzu"wereusedastheSevenBooksofWuxueinYuanfeng.Beingusedbysomepeopleasabookofwarisonlyamatterofthearrivalof"SuiZhi".

InfluenceofLaterGenerations

"SixTaoists"hasasignificantinfluenceonfuturegenerations,ZhangLiang,LiuBei,ZhugeLiang,SunQuanTheyallattachimportancetothe"SixSecretTeachings",whichismentionedmanytimesin"LiWeigongQuestionsandAnswers".Afterthe"TongDian",theTangDynastyalsoquoteditmoreinbooksonsoldiers.Song,MingandQing'sannotationsandcollectionsof"SixSecretTeachings"Thereisnoshortageofpeoplewhoareinterpreters,andthebookhasahighstatusinthehistoryofChinesemilitaryacademics.

"SixSecretTeachings"ishighlyvaluedabroad.AshikagaSchoolintheWarringStatesPeriodofJapan(trainingmilitaryadvisors)Theschooloncedesignated"SixSecretTeachings"and"SanLue"asthemaintextbooksoftheschool.Accordingtotherelevantbibliography,therearemorethan30kindsofbookstranslatedandinterpreted"SixSecretTeachings"inJapan.ThefirsttranslationofChinesemilitarybooksintheWestTherearefourtypes,collectivelycalled"ChineseMilitaryArt",whichwaspublishedinParis,Francein1772."SixSecretTeachings"isoneofthem.Inaddition,neighboringcountriessuchasNorthKoreaandVietnamhavealsosuccessivelypublishedandtranslated"SixSecretTeachings".

"SixTao"isoneofthe"SevenBooksofWujing"issuedintheSongDynasty.Itisamasterpiecefromthepre-Qinwarbooksandhasbeenvaluedbymilitarystrategistsofthepast.IthasbeentranslatedintoXixiaandcirculatedamongethnicminorities.Notonlyisthereacompletesetofcivilandmilitaryweapons,butthepoliticalandmilitarytheoriesareoftenundisclosedbefore,anditalsopreservesawealthofancientmilitaryhistoricalmaterials,suchasestablishment,weapons,andcommunicationmethods.Thebookhasimportanttheoreticalandhistoricalvalue.

Peoplenotonlystudyanduse"SixSecretTeachings",butalsoconductresearchonit.Historically,therearemanypeoplewhohaveannotated,compiledandinterpreted"SixSecretTeachings".Accordingtoincompletestatistics,thistypeofwritingSincetheTangDynasty,therehavebeennearlyahundredspecies,andtherearemorethanfortyspeciesintheMingDynastyalone.Itcanbeseenthattheyhavespreadwidelyandhaveagreatimpact:therearemanyversionsof"SixTaoist"thatexistatpresent,ofwhichthemoreimportantoneistheSongYuanfengperiod.TheSevenBooksoftheWujing,theSevenBooksoftheWujingbytheZhufuSchoolMagazine,theSevenBooksoftheWujingbyHanfenlou,andtheSevenBooksoftheWujingbyHanfenlou.TheSevenBooksoftheDingwuScriptures,thecopyoftheSikuQuanshuduringtheQianlongperiodoftheQingDynasty,thecopyoftheSongDynastycopyofthe"SibuCongkan"oftheCommercialPress,andthebookof"TheCompleteBookofBaizi"byYeShanfang'sstoneprinting,etc.

MilitaryThoughts

Thecontentof"SixSecretTeachings"isveryextensive,involvingmanyaspectsrelatedtothemilitary,suchastheconceptofwar,armybuilding,strategyandtactics.Amongthem,theexpositionofstrategyandtacticsisthemostexciting.Veryprominent.

Themilitarythoughtsin"SixSecretTeachings"aremorecomplicated.Almosteveryschoolinthepre-QinDynastyhasmilitarythoughtsinthebookreflect.Themostprominentthinginthebookistheideaofconspiracy.Atthebeginningof"SixSecretTeachings"itsaid:"Thehusbandfisheatsitsbait,butitistiedtothescorpion,andthemaneatsitslure,butitisservedbythemonarch.Therefore,thefishcanbekilledbythebait.Thefishcanbekilledbythelure.Takethecountrywithyourhome,andthecountrycanbedrawn.Taketheworldwithyourcountry,andtheworldcanbecompleted.”("ScienceofLetters")Thismeansthatwhenamonarchgovernsthepeople,hemustfishlikeafisherman,usingbaittolurepeopleintothebait,andobeythedrive..Tacticscanbemanifestedinmanyaspects:First,"giveitforyou."Itmeansthatifyouwanttotakeit,youmustfirstgowithit."MasterofLetters"said:"Hewhocansharewithothersisbenevolent.Wherebenevolenceis,theworldwillreturntoit...toshareworriesandjoyswithothers,sharegoodandevil,righteousness.Whererighteousnessis,theworldwillgotoit."

"StateAffairs"said:"Thosewhoaregoodforthecountrywillcontrolthepeoplelikeaparent'sbelovedson,likeabrother'sbelovedbrother.Seeingtheirhungerandfamine,theywillfeelsorrow.,Encouragementisliketakingoneself.Thiswayofcaringforthepeopleisalso."Whatisthepurposeofpayingsomuchemotionally,morally,andmaterially,andbenevolentandlovingtoothers?Itmeans"tomaketheLordrespectthepeople"("StateAffairs"),"theonewhodoesnottakefromthepeople,theonewhotakesthepeople"("Faqi").Second,"toattackastrongonemustfirstgrowstrong."The"ThreeDoubts"said:"Ahusbandmustbestrong,hemustberaisedtomakehimstrong,andhemustbebeneficialtohim.Toostrongmustbebroken,andbigZhangmustbelacking.Attackthestrongtobestrong,toleaverelativestokiss,andtodispersethecrowdtothecrowd."Itissaidthatwhenyouwanttoattackapowerfulenemy,youmaywishtoadoptastrategythatmakestheenemyarrogant.Iftheenemyisarrogant,itwillnaturallybeeasytodealwith.Third,"wenfa".

Thetwelvearticleslistedin"WenFa"belongtoWenFa,nottheconspiracyandtricksofmilitaryattack.Oneistodowhathelikesandmaketheenemyfeelproud;thesecondisto"dividehispowerwithhislove.Onepersonhastwohearts,thecenterisweak,thecourthasnoloyalministers,andthesocietyisindanger";thethirdis"yinandbribery",Theaffectionisverydeep.Outsidethebody,thecountrywillcauseharm";thefourthistousejewelsandbeautiestocorrodeandparalyzetheenemy;thefifthistoprovoketherelationshipbetweentheenemy'sloyalministersandthemonarch;Seventhistogivetheenemyalargeamountofproperty,whichmakeshimdespiseproduction,whichleadstotheaccumulationofemptiness;eightistoformfriendshipwiththeenemycountrytoparalyzetheenemyandmakeitusefulforme;Itisarrogantandself-destructive;eleventhandtwelftharetobuyovertheenemy'sministersandblocktheenemy'seyesandears.Makeheroesandwisemenformyuse,andconfusehismasterwithbeautiesofchaoticministers.Generalmilitarybooksmostlyattachimportancetostrategyandtacticsonthebattlefield,andseldomdiscussconspiracymethods.The"SixSecretTeachings"isthemostprominentoftheconspiracyelaboratedinsuchdetail.

Intermsofstrategyandtactics,"SixSecretTeachings"isunique."TheWayofSoldiers"said:"Thewayofallsoldiersisnomorethanone.Onecangoalone.TheYellowEmperorsaid:'OneisinthewayoftheTao,andafewinthegods.'Theusedependsontheopportunity,themanifestationdependsonthepower.,Successliesintheking."Thismeansthattheprincipleofusingtroopsliesin"one."Theso-called"one"meansthatthepowerofaffairsmustbesingle,theforcesmustbeconcentrated,andtheactionsmustbeunified.Onlyinthiswaycanwemoveindependently,bemobileandflexible,andbefreefromconstraints,andgaintheinitiativeinwar."MilitaryForces"contained:"TheKingWuaskedtheTaigong:'Whatisthewaytoattack?'Taigongsaid:'Theforceistransformedbetweenthetwoformationsduetotheenemy'smovement.Language,theuseofsoldiersdoesnotspeak.Andthosewhodothemost,theirwordsarenotlistening.Thosewhousethesoldiers,theirstatusisuncertain.Thepeoplewhopassby,comesuddenly,andthosewhocandominatealone,thesoldiers.'”EmphasizehereWhatis"becauseoftheenemy'smovement","suddenlyandthemaster,comesuddenly",thecoreistohighlightmobilityandflexibility,nottoberestrainedbytheenemy.Ifyoucanreachthestateofsuperb,youcanbeinvincible.

"SixSecretTeachings"alsoemphasizedthattheuseofsoldiersshouldbebasedontheopportunity,towinbystrategy,notbyforce."Therefore,thosewhoaregoodatwardonotwaitforZhangJun.Toeliminatepatientswell,reasonisnotborn.Thosewhoaregoodatdefeatingtheenemyarebetterthaninvisible.Fightingandnofighting.Therefore,thebattleisbetterthantheonewhoishand-to-hand,andtheunhealthygeneralisalsotheonewhohaslosttheequipment.It’snotasage.Wisdomisthesameastheothers,butnotthenationaldivision;iftheskillsarethesame,it’snotthenationalengineering.”In"SixSecretTeachings",thetacticsofthethreetypesofinfantry,chariot,andcavalryarealsodiscussed.."Junbing"pointedoutthestatusanddifferentfunctionsofthechariotandthecavalry:"Thechariotisthewingofthearmy.Therefore,ifyouaretrappedinthearmy,youmust(invitetoattack)thestrongenemyandcoverthenorth(thedefeatedarmy).Cavalry.,Thearmyiswaitingforthemarquis,soitdefeatsthearmy.Thereisnofood,anditisalsotheenemy."Iftheinfantryfightswiththechariotandthecavalry,then"mustfollowthehillsandobstacles.Later,evenmorestops.Althoughtheenemy'sridersarecoming,theywillfightfast,andthetalentwillbestrongtoprepareformyqueen"("Battle").Ifit’sflatgroundfighting,themethodis"makemysoldiersahorseandatribulus;afterdiggingtheground,fivefeetwideanddeep,calledthelifecage.Peopleimprovetheirhorses,stopthechariotasabase,pushforwardandbackward,andstandup.Tun;atalentedpersontoforceacrossbowtostandbymyside.Then,mythreearmiesareallswiftlyfightingandpuzzled.”("WarCavalry")Thecoordinatedcombatofvehicles,cavalry,andinfantryandhowtouseinfantryagainstenemyvehiclesandcavalry.Madeadetaileddiscussion.

Fortheconstructionofthearmy,"SixSecretTeachings"believesthattheselectionandtrainingofgeneralsshouldfirstbepaidattentionto.Because"thegreatmatterofthecountry,thewayofsurvivalanddeath,isthefateofthegeneral.Thegeneralistheauxiliaryofthecountry,andthefirstkingisalsoimportant."("OntheGenerals")"Thesafetyofthecommunityisthegenerals."("TheGenerals")Therefore,theselectionandinspectionofgeneralsmustbeseriousandmeticulous.Itthinks:"Therewillbefivetalentsandtendeeds....Theso-calledfivetalentsarecourage,wisdom,benevolence,faith,andloyalty....Theso-calledtendeedsincludethosewhoarebraveandlightatdeath,andtherearethosewhoareeagerandfast.Greedyandprofitable,benevolentbutnottolerant,wisebuttimid,faithfulbuthappy,honestbutnotloving,wisebutslow-hearted,fortitudebutself-use,cowardlyandcowardlyThosewholiketoacceptothers.”(OnGenerals)Differentpeoplehavedifferentstrengthsandweaknessesandshouldhaveaclearunderstanding.Italsoproposesvariousmethodsforselectingandinvestigatinggenerals.Itisworthnotingthat"SixSecretTeachings"alsoraisedtheissueofestablishingastaff.

"WingsoftheKing"contains:"TheKingWuaskedtheTaigong:'Thekingandhandsometeachermusthavebrachialwings,sowhatcantheydotobecomeamightygod?'Itwillbefate.Fateisinmastery,notkeepingatrick.Becauseofbeingabletogiveposts,eachadoptswhatandwork,andchangesatanytime,thinkingthatJiGang.Therefore,therewillbeseventy-twopeoplewithbrachiiandwingstorespondtothewayofheaven.Thenumberislikethelaw,Examiningnumerology,extraordinaryskills,andeverythingisdone.”Thismeansthatthemonarchleadsthearmyandmusthaveapowerfulassistant.Thelifeoftheentirearmyisinthehandsofthegeneral,butthegeneral’sresponsibilityistoleadcomprehensivelyandcannotbelimitedtoonepartofit.Therefore,astaffofficecomposedof72peopleshouldbeestablishedandassigneddutiesbasedontheirtalents.Usetheiringenuity.Whatkindofpeoplearetheseseventy-twopeople?Thearrangementof"SixSecretTeachings"isoneperson,fiveadvisors,threeastronomy,threegeography,nineartofwar,fourtongliang,fourFenwei,threeofthem,fourpeople,twogeneralists,andright.Threesergeants,seveneyesandears,fiveminions,fourwingmen,eightwanderers,twowarlocks,threealchemists,twolawcalculations,andsoon.ThisistheearliestinChinesemilitaryhistorytobefoundintheclearlystatedorganizationallawofthestaff,anditisamajorcreationof"SixSecretTeachings".

"SixSecretTeachings"alsosystematicallydiscussedtheautonomyofgenerals."Lijiang"clearlydescribesthespecificritualsofthemonarchswearingtothetemple,givingthegeneralswithaxe,andbeingorderedtomarch,andalsosolemnlydiscussesthegenerals'righttocommandthethreearmiesandactarbitrarily."Thecountrycannotrulefromtheoutside,andthearmycannotrulefromit.Twomindscannotbetheruler,anddoubtscannotrespondtotheenemy...Athinginthearmy,regardlessoftheruler'sorder,willbedeterminedbythegeneral.Ifyoufacetheenemyinadecisivebattle,thereisnotwomind.Therefore,thereisnoheavenabove,nolandbelow,invincibilityinthefront,andnokingintheback.Itisthewiseman'splan,thebravemantofight,thespiritisfierceandtheskyisfast,thesoldiersdonottaketheedge,andtheenemysurrenders..Conquertheoutside,themeritisintheinside.”Thecorehereis“thearmycan’tdefendfromit”and“whathappensinthearmy,ifyoudon’theartheemperor,youwillcomeout”.Themeaningis"willbeoutside,thekingisnotimmune."Thearmycannotbespecificallycommandedbythemonarchinthecentralorganization,butshouldbecompletelycommandedbythegeneralsbasedontheactualsituationonthebattlefield,soastowinthevictory.Ifageneralhasautonomy,hehastheinitiative.Forsoldiersandsoldiers,"SixSecretTeachings"alsoattachesgreatimportancetotheirselectionandtraining.

"ThePractitioner"said:"Therearebravepeopleinthearmywhogathertogethertoformasoldier,calledasoldieroftheblade;thosewhoarestrong,braveandviolent,gatherasasoldier,andthenameiscalledAmanwhohasfallenintotheChen(array);therearestrangelongswordsandthosewhoareinlinewiththemartialarts,gatheredintoapawn,calledthebraveandsharpmen;therearelonghooks,strongbeams,brokengoldendrums,andextinctbannersThosewhogatherasapawnarecalledthemenofbravery;therearethosewhoaremorethanhighandfar,lightandgoodatwalking,whogatherasapawn,andarecalledthesoldiersoftheinvaders;therearethosewholosepowerandwanttoseethemeritsagain,andgatherasapawn.,Thenameisthewarriorofdeath;thechildrenofthosewhohavedeadgeneralswanttoavengetheiravengers,taketheautumnpawn,thenameisthemanwhodarestodie;thosewhohaveson-in-lawwanttoconcealthefamous,gatherasapawn,thenameisEncouragementandbluntpeople;thosewhoarepoorandangryandwanttohavetheirwill,gatherasapawn,andthenameismortal;thosewhoarefreefromsin,whowanttoescapetheirshame,gatherasapawn,andarecalledgreatanduseful;Thosewhohavebothtalentsandskills,whocanbeartheweightandreachfar,gathertogetherasasoldier,andthenameiscalledthepersononstandby."Theemphasishereisontheapplicationandorganizationofthesoldiersaccordingtotheiraptitude.Thetalentsandpersonalitiesofthesoldiersvarygreatly.Ifthesepeopleareorganizedaccordingtocertainprinciples,theycangivefullplaytotheirpotentialandachievevictory.Regardingthemanagementofthearmy,the"SixSecretTeachings"putforwardtheprinciplesofequalemphasisonpunishmentandrewardand"killingthemostexpensiveandrewardingthesmall".

In"Jiangwei",thekingofWuaskedhowtheTaigongcouldbanordersandestablishtheprestigeofthegenerals.Order.Therefore,ifyoukillonepersonandthethreearmiesshakeoff,youwillkillit;ifyourewardonepersonandtenthousandpeoplespeak,youwillrewardit.Killingthebig,rewardingthelittle,killingandbeingavaluableministeristheultimatepunishment;rewardingthecowApersonwhoerectsahorseandwashesastableistorewardthemaster.Thepunishmentistheextreme,andtherewardistheprestige."Killingandrewardingareboththemeansbywhichthegeneralsbuildprestige.Thisisinthe"SunTzuArtofWar"Ithasbeenmentionedin"TheArtofWarbySunBin"andothermilitarybooks,butthe"SixSecretTeachings"istheearliestthatclearlyputforwardtheprincipleof"killingthebigandrewardingthesmall".Theso-called"killingthebigandrewardingthesmall"meanskillingthehigh-rankedtodeterothers,andrewardingthelow-rankedtoinspireothers.Thisisaneffectivemethod.Although"SixSecretTeachings"cannotkeepupwith"SunTzu'sArtofWar"and"SunBin'sArtofWar"onthewhole,italsohasitsownuniquevalue.

ThoughtsonGoverningtheCountry

Thebook"SixSecretTeachings"hasalwaysbeenknownas"largescale,andboththerootsandtheroots".Itscompletesystemandrichcontentarerareinancientmilitarybooks.Someforeignscholarscallit"likeamilitaryencyclopedia."Accordingtolegend,"SixSecretTeachings"waswrittenbyJiangTaigongoftheZhouDynasty.AftertheSongDynasty,manyscholarsconductedtextualresearchandbelievedthat"SixSecrets"wascommissionedbylatergenerationstobemadebyJiangTaigong.Intheearly1970s,bambooslips"SixTaoism"and"Taigong"wereunearthedinYinqueshanHanTombinLinyi,ShandongProvinceandHanTombinDingxianCounty,Hebei,respectively,whichprovedthat"SixTaoism"isindeedapre-Qinwork.SimaQiansaidinthe"HistoricalRecords"that"thewordsofthelatergenerationsandtheconspiracyoftheZhouaretheoriginalplanoftheemperor."Thelongestamongthesixclassicmilitarybooks.Itcomprehensivelydiscussesthegovernanceofthecountry,themilitary,andmilitarystrategyintheformofdialoguebetweenKingZhouWen,KingZhouWuandJiangTaigong.Ithasmanyoriginalideasinmanyaspectssuchasmilitarythinking,politicalthinking,andphilosophicalthinking.

ChenJinsongbelievesthatthebook"SixSecretTeachings"isreallyaninsightfulview.Comparingthe"SixSecretTeachings"and"TheArtofWar"ofthesamepre-Qinstrategists,wecanfindthatthestylesofthetwoarecompletelyopposite.Majorstrategicissuesinthemilitaryfield.If"SunTzu'sArtofWar"isaninsurmountabletheoreticalpeakinmilitarystrategy,then"SixSecretTeachings"isaninsurmountabletheoreticalpeakingrandstrategy.

"SixSecretTeachings"requiresthemonarchtobepure-heartedanddiligenttogovernthecountry.Asforwhetherthepeoplewanttodothis,itisnotnecessarilythecase.

"SixSecretTeachings"hasaveryprofoundthoughtofgoverningthecountry.Inasense,"SixSecretTeachings"isnotonlyabookonwar,butalsoapoliticalworkforthestabilityandstabilityofthecountry.

"SixSecretTeachings"describestheidealstateofstategovernance,"allpeoplearerichandhappywithoutthecolorofhungerandcold,andthemonarchislikethesunandthemoon,andthekingislikehisparents."Folklore;groupmusicbecomesstraight,peoplewearittoform;allnationsareunconnected,andeveryoneenjoyswhattheydo;peoplelovethem,andfateiscalledDading.","Theancientsagesgathertogetherforpeople,gathertogetherforthecountry,gathertogetherThecountryistheworld:dividethesagestothinkthattheworldistheworld,andthefateistheDaji."Toachievethisidealstateofrulingthecountry,the"SixSecretTeachings"proposesthat"noonecanseizeyourprestige,becauseitisclear,lettheflowbe.Letitbeethical,andtherebelliouswillneverdoitwithstrength."

Thebasicideaof"SixSecretTeachings"isthatsagemonarchsgovernthecountrythroughtheuseofsages,andputforwardasetofConfuciansages.Thestrategicthinkingofstategovernancethatiscomparabletothetheoryofforeignkings,thatis,“theheartinspireswisdom,wisdomtoinspirewealth,wealthtoinspirethepeople,thepeopletoinspirethevirtuous,thevirtuoustoinspire,andthekingoftheworld."Itisnecessarytoacquirewisdombycultivatingpersonaltemperament.,Toobtainwealththroughpersonalwisdom,toobtainthesupportandattachmentofpeoplethroughwealth,toobtaintalentsfromthepeoplewhosupportthemselves,andtoimprovethemselvesthroughtalents.Thisbecomesavirtuouscircle.Whenacertainopportunityisencountered,Actiontogaintheworld."SixSecretTeachings"emphasizestheruleofthecountrybyvirtueandwisdom.InthefiercelycompetitiveSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiod,itismorefeasiblethantheConfucianthoughtofgoverningthecountrybyvirtue.

Theprincipleof"SixTaoist"governingthecountry:"Doingnothingbutgoverning""WuTao·Wenqi"WhenthekingWenaskedtheTaigong"Whoisthesaint",heistoofair:"Worryandsound,everythingisHowtoworryaboutthesound,allthingsareelusive.Whatpoliticsdo,don’tknowhowtochange,wherethetimeis,don’tknowhowtochange.Thesaintskeepthisandeverythingischanged,howpooristhere,andthenitwillcomebackandforth.","HusbandworldIfyoudon’tknowyourself,youcanliveforever;ifyoudon’tknowyourself,youcanbeclear."Thesagefollowstheprincipleof"doingnothingbutgoverning",andtheworldisalsoimperceptiblyinfluencedbyit.Therulerofthe"SixSecretTeachings"should"donotuseslaveryasareasontoharmthepeoplewhentheycultivateandweave.Theycuttheirheartsandaspirations,andengageinnothing."Inactionisthebasicprincipletobeobservedbythemonarchy."WenQi"regardswhetherthemonarchcangraspandpromotethepoliticsofinactionasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages."Thesaintsshouldbequiet,thewiseshouldbecorrect,andthefoolcannotbecorrect,sotheyfightwithothers;Worry,people’ssorrowwillleadtoexile.Theupsanddownswillliveinunrest,andthelifewillbeendless,andthefateiscalled“greatloss”.”Itmeansthatthebestsaintsarethosewhousequietandinactionpoliticalthoughttoruletheworld,andthosewhowanttodosomething.Thosewhocanonlycauseturmoilintheworld.

Ingeneral,"SixSecretTeachings"hasawiderangeofcontent,withinsightfultheoreticalanalysisinallaspects,andadeepunderstandingofhumannature.Hebelievesthatpeople"goodvirtuesreturntoprofit"andusethisasgoverningthearmy.ThebasisoftheConfucianismisthatitisnecessarytostartwithbothvirtueandbenefit,andrequiretherulertorestrainhisownselfishdesires,lovethepeopleandnotdisturbthepeople.Inaddition,histhoughtsonemployingpeopleandliterarycriticismarerareinotherpre-Qinmilitarystrategists.AsforhisthoughtsonrulingtheenemyPaymoreattentiontosomedetailsofthewar.

"SixSecretTeachings"thinksverycomprehensively,coversawiderange,attachesgreatimportancetograndstrategy,andputsforwardauniqueliterarycriticismidea,usingliterarycriticismasanimportantauxiliarymeansofforcecompetition.

MilitaryView

"SixTaoist"includes"WenTao","WuTao","LongTao","TigerTao","LeopardTao"and"DogTao"sixarticles,involvingMilitarytheoriesinmanyaspects,suchasconceptofwar,strategyofwar,combatguidance,andthoughtsofmilitarytalents,areextremelyrichandextensive.Amongthem,LuShang’smilitarythoughtscanbereflectedinthefollowingaspects:

First,emphasizeStrivingforPeople'sHeart

In"WenTao",theimportanceofattractingheartsofpeoplehasbeenemphasizedmanytimes,andspecificmethodsofattractingheartsofpeoplehavebeenproposed.Forexample,"Thosewhobenefitfromthesameworldwillgaintheworld,andthosewhoaregoodattheworldlosetheworld",aswellas"lovethepeople","benefitthepeople",and"cultivatingvirtue".AlthoughtheseideaswerecompletelyformedintheSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesera,theirideasTheorigincanbetracedbacktotheWesternZhouDynastyorevenearlierintheShangDynasty.Forexample,ShangTangandYiYinhadvaguelyrealizedtheinfluenceofthehumanheartonthewar.ComparingwiththevariouspoliciesandmeasurestakenbyLuShangduringthepreparationandimplementationoftheWarofExterminationofCommerce,itisnotdifficulttoseethattheideaofcapturingtheheartsofthepeoplein"SixSecretTeachings"isbasicallyconsistentwithLuShang'sthinking.Moreover,ZhouGong,whowasatthesametimeasLuShang,oncesaid:"Thepeoplewantwhatthepeoplewant,andtheskymustfollowit"(Thirty-oneYearsofZuoZhuan·XiangGong"quoted"ThaiOath"),andthemilitarytheorythatcameoutlaterThebooks"MilitaryHistory"and"MilitaryAdministration"alsohave"virtueinvincible"andsoon,whichcanbesaidtobeinthesamelinewithLuShang'sthinking.Itcanbeseenfromthisthatthroughsumminguphistoricalexperienceandcombiningtheneedsofthestruggleagainsttheenemy,asamemberoftheZhouJunzheng,LuShangmayhaverealizedtherelationshipbetweenpopularsupportandthevictoryanddefeatofthewar,sohehasadoptedtherequirementsthatsuittherequirementsofdifferentclasses.Aseriesofmeasurestogainbroadsocialsupportandsupport.However,duetothelimitationsofclassandtime,hisemphasisonwinningtheheartsofthepeopleismainlytostabilizethesocialorderofslavery,easethecontradictionbetweenthepeopleandslavesandslaveowners,inordertobetterachievetheestablishedpoliticalgoals.Forexample,thefirstchapterof"WenTao"bluntlyusedthemetaphoroffishingricetoattractpeople'shearts,thatis,"缗(fishingline-quotient'snote)smallerbium,smallfishfood;silkbaitfragrance,mediumfishfood.;Longbaitisabundant,bigfisheatit.Thehusbandfisheatsitsbait,anditistiedtoit","Ifyoutakethebait,thefishcankill;ifyoutakethelure,thepersoncanexhaust(tryyourbest—attractor'snote)"ItcanbeseenthatLuShang'sfightforpopularsupportisbasedontheprerequisiteofsafeguardingtherulinginterestsofslaveownersandnobles.

Secondly,advocatepoliticalattackanddestroytheenemy

Inthesecondchapterof"SixSecretTeachings","WuTao",thereisachapter"WenFa",theso-called"WenFa"meansThepoliticaloffensivementionedtodayistheoppositeof"armyattack."Thecontentof"WenFa"isdividedintotwelvesections,mainlydiscussinghowtousepoliticaloffensivestodisintegratetheenemy,achieveeffectsthatcannotbeachievedbyarmedcrusades,andcreatefavorableconditionsforarmedcrusades,suchas"becauseoftheirdelight,letthemgo.""Zhi","Knowingwhatheloves","Respectinghimbyname","Suppliedwithpleasure","Raisinghischaoticofficials","Acceptingtheinside,askingtheoutside",and"Bringingthetreasure"andsoon.AlthoughmostofthesecontentsarepopularthoughtsduringtheWarringStatesperiod,intermsoftheiroriginalthoughts,theyareconsistentwiththethoughtsreflectedinthevariousmeasurestakenbyLuShangfutoparalyzethekinganddivideanddisintegratethebusinessrulinggroup.Itcanbesaidthatthethoughtin"WenFa"istherecordandelucidationofLuShang'sthought.ItcanbeseenthatLuShanghasrealizedtherelationshipbetweenmilitaryandpolitics,thatis,inordertowinthewar,onemustnotrelyonmilitaryoffensiveblindly,butmustalsobegoodatcarryingoutpoliticaloffensives.Onlybycloselycombiningthetwocanthegoalofwarbeachievedsmoothly.Ofcourse,LuShang’sthoughtsinthisareaarestillverysuperficial,andhavenotyetbeensystematicallydeepened.Itcanonlybeconsideredthatsomeoftheideasin"WenFa"arealreadypossessedbyLuShang.

Third,bothcivilandmilitary,strategyfirst

"SixSecretTeachings·WuTao·Faqi"said:"Totalvictorywithoutfighting,soldierswithoutinvasiveness","Greatwisdomisnotwise,Tacticalandunplanned"meansthatwaristowinbywisdom,toobtainthegreatestvictoryattheleastcost,andtowinbywisdom.Smartpeopleusewisdomintheinvisibletomakepeopleinvisible,andusestrategybeforefighting,sothatpeoplecannotperceivetheirintentions.Inthe"ThreeDoubts"chapter,itisproposedthatto"attackstrong,divorce,anddispersethecrowd",itisnecessaryto"becautiousandplanforit".Theenemy'sintentionsareactuallysecretlyusingstrategies.Inaddition,inthechapter"TheWayofWar",itissaid:"Thewaytousetroopsliesintheopportunity,andthemanifestationliesinthesituation."Theillusionofbluntnessontheinsidetoconfusetheenemy.TheabovestatementandLuShangdidnotimmediatelylaunchadecisiveoffensiveduetotherapiddevelopmentofhisownpowerinthebattleofdestroyingthecommerce.Fromthebeginningtotheend,hedidnotforgettousewisdomtoweakentheenemyandstrengthenhimself.WhentheShangDynastyfellapart,hedidnotmisstheopportunitytolaunchanoffensiveandotherpoliticsThemilitarymeasuresareroughlythesame.Thissufficestoshowthatthetheorythatemphasizesstrategytowinin"SixSecretTeachings"isactuallyderivedfromLuShang'smilitarythoughtandistheinheritanceanddevelopmentofLuShang'sstrategythought.

RelationshipwiththeSanlue

PeopleusuallyregardtheSixTaoistandtheSanlueasawhole.Infact,theyarenotwrittenbythesameauthor.Itiseasytoconfuseitifyoudon’tknowit.

ThereareseveraltheoriesaboutthewritingtimeofLiutao,buttheyaregenerallybelievedtobeintheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatthebook"SixTaoist"hasdistinctiveQiculturalcharacteristics,andthereignofKingQiWei(357-320BC)basicallycoincideswiththereignofKingZhouXian.Atthattime,JixiainLinzi,thecapitalofQiStateIntheacademy,alargenumberofscholarsgathered,manyofthemhadtheknowledgeandabilitytowritemilitarybooks.Therefore,theauthorbelievesthat"SixSecretTeachings"wasmadeintheQistateinthemiddleandlateWarringStatesperiod.

ThewritingtimeofSanlueisroughlytheendofQinandthebeginningofHan.Sincethemeaning,wording,andsyntaxof"Sanlue"arenotancient,andthestyleoftheessayswritteninthelateYinandearlyZhouDynastiesisquitedifferent,itcanbeseenthatitwaswrittenlater,butneverlaterthantheQinDynasty.Inthelastyearsofthedynasty,becausetherewasamentionofthebook"SanlueofHuangshiGong"inthe"BookoftheLaterHan",thesecanbesaidtobeevidenceofthefirststatement.TheunreliableevidenceforthethirdclaimisthattheedictofEmperorGuangwuintheearlyEasternHanDynastyquotedalargesectionof"HuangshiGongji",exceptforafewwordsthatareslightlydifferentfromthecurrentversionof"Sanlue",therestareidentical.

SothebookZhangLiangacceptedisprobablynot"SixSecretTeachings"or"TaigongArtofWar",morelikelyitis"HuangshiGong'sThreeStrategies".

Differenteditions

Historicaleditions

Althoughthetitleof"SixSecretTeachings"waswrittenbyLuWang,itwasactuallyregardedasabookinthemiddleandlateWarringStatesperiod,butitsreflectionisnotexcludedSomeofLuShang’smilitarythoughts.Thetrueauthorisnolongeravailable.Thesourceoftheeditionsof"SixSecretTeachings"ismorecomplicated,andthecontentsofeacheditionhavesimilaritiesanddifferences.Judgingfromtheexistingtexts,thereareroughlythefollowingfoursystems:

(1)Bambooslips,namelythe"SixTaoist"remnantsfromtheYinqueshanHantombinLinyi,Shandongandthe"Thisistheearliestsurvivingversion.Theformerhasbeensortedout,andthereisaprintedcopyoftheCulturalRelicsPublishingHouse.

(2)ThemanuscriptoftheTangDynasty,whichisthefragmentof"SixTaoist"intheDunhuangTangmanuscript,coexistingin201lines(onelineonlycontainshalfaword),and20articles.TheoriginalisintheParisLibrary,France,andthereisamicrofilmintheBeijingLibrary.Thisistheearliestexistingpaper-based"SixSecretTeachings".

(3)The"GroupBookManagementEssentials"isasummarycompiledbyTangWeiweiforTangTaizong.ItonlycontainsthecontentsofWenTao,WuTao,LongTao,HuTao,andDogTao.Subheadingsarenotlisted.LeopardTaohasnotbeencollected.Theabovethreesystemshavepreservedsomechivalrousarticlesorchivalrousarticlesthatarenotseeninthepresenteditiontovaryingdegrees.

(4)The"SevenBooksofWujing",firstinscribedinthesecondyearofYuanfengintheNorthernSongDynasty(1079),andthepublicationsofXiaozongandGuangzongoftheSouthernSongDynastyarenowinexistence.ItisinthecollectionofJingjiatangLibraryinJapan.Theearliestpublication,aphotocopyofitinChina,isthe"ContinuedAncientYiSeries".SincetheMingandQingDynasties,manygeneralbooksandtheiressaysandwhitetextsbelongtotheversionofthissystem.

Thecontentsof"SixTaoist"werefirstrecordedin"HanZhi"as"Eighty-FiveChaptersofBing".Thecurrenteditionisthe"SixTaoist"editionof"WuJing"deletedintheSongDynasty.Thereare60articles.Thereare25differencesbetweenthetwo.ThetitlesandcontentsofthetwoChinesesimplifiedmanuscriptsandthefragmentsoftheTangmanuscriptsthatcanbeseentodayareboththesameasthepresentone,butalsodifferent.Differenttopics,suchas"ZaoQi"intheChineseBambooSlips,"TheSixthWayofGoverningtheCountry","RiteandRighteousnessastheCountry'sTenth","TheTwentiethState-ownedEightBans",and"Liren"intheTangManuscript,"TrendShe","RitualandRighteousness","GreatLoss","DynamicResponse",etc.Thecontentofthesechaptersthataredifferentfromthepresentoneshouldbe15otherthanthe60ones,ortheywerelostintheprocessofspreading,ordeletedwhentheSongcourtissuedthe"WuJing".Thecurrent"SixSecretTeachings"hassixvolumesandsixtychapters.

Existingedition

TheincompletecopyofthebambooslipsfromYinqueshanHantombinLinyi,Shandong,1972.

In1973,thebambooslipsofthetomboftheHantombintheBajiaolang,DingxianCounty,HebeiProvince.

RemnantsofDunhuangposthumousbooks.

Summaryof"GroupBookManagementEssentials".

"SikuQuanshu"edition.

"ContinuedGuyiSeries"Shadowsong"SevenBooksofWujing".

In1935,the"SevenBooksofWujing"wascarvedbyZhonghuaXueyiSociety.

PhotocopyofLiuYin's"StraightExplanationoftheSevenBooksofWujing"fromtheDingFamily'sEightThousandVolumesCollection

HistoricalRecords

SummaryRecordsofFourDatabases

"SixSecretTeachings"·SixVolumes(TongXingVersion)

TheoldtitleiswrittenbyZhouLuWang.Examinationof"Zhuangzi·XuWuguiPian",calledtheGoldenVersionofSixSecretTeachings."ClassicInterpretation"says:SimaBiao,CuiZhuanyun,thegoldedition,andthesixTaoismsarethetitlesofZhouShu,andthisisalsocalled"SixTaoism".Itiscalled"SixSecretTeachingsoftheSupremeMaster","Wen","Wu","Dragon","Tiger","Leopard"and"Dog".

(Case:ThiseditionusesWenwuDragonTigerLeopardDogasthesecond,whichisdifferentfromLuDeming'snote.Itisnotspecifiedwhichis,Iwouldliketoattachhere.)AtthebeginningoftheWarringStatesperiod,theoriginalnamewasoriginally.However,Ithoughtthat"TheSixSecretTeachingsoftheSupremeMaster"wasunknown."Hanshu·ArtandLiteratureHistory·MilitaryPhilosophy"isnotrecorded,butConfucianismhassixchapters"SixTaoist"inZhouhistory.BanGusaidfromhisownnote:BetweenHuiandXiang,orConfuciusWenYan.Then"SixSecretTeachings"isnotabook.YanShigu'scommentisbasedonthecurrent"SixSecretTeachings".Isn'titalsoimplicatedbyLuDeming?"ThreeKingdoms:AnnotationtotheFirstMaster'sBiography",wasoriginallycalledthe"SixTaoist"and"ShangJunshu",whichisbeneficialtopeople'swill."SuiZhi"firstcontainedfivevolumesof"TheTaigongSixSecretTeachings",withanotesaying,Liangsixvolumes,writtenbyJiangWang,thekingofZhouWen.TangandSongZhuzhiareallduetothis.Examininghistexttoday,itisprobablythemeaningofthewordsissimilar,notlikeanancientbook.Inthemiddle,suchasavoidingthemainhallisamatteraftertheWarringStatesperiod.Theword"General"firstappearedin"ZuoZhuan",andtherewasnosuchnameatthebeginningofZhouDynasty.(Case:WhenYuandShunwereinthe"HistoryoftheRoad",BoyiwasthelanguageofGeneralBaichong.Miscellaneousrelianceonit,butnotenoughevidence.)Thetraceofitsrelianceisblazingandverifiable.

InLongtao,thereareYinFuchapters:themasterandthegeneralshaveYinFuFanba,etc.,thetalismanfordefeatingtheenemyisonefootlong,thetalismanforbreakingthearmyisnineincheslong,andthetalismanfordefeatisthreeincheslong.Stop.TheauthorofthefalsecoverdidnotknowthemeaningoftheYinFu,andmistakenlythoughtthattheFuJieFu,andthenwhitewashedittosaythis,especiallycontemptible.AlmostnottheoldversionofHanDynasty.Therefore,"Zhou'sShebi"saidthathisbookwasrelatedtoWuQiandhiswordswerefishingandhunting.However,theaffixationwasbasedonmodernmilitaryandpoliticaltalks,anditwasimpossibletorefute.HuYinglin's"BiCong"alsosaidthathisliterarydynasty,YinShuandotherarticlesweredismissedbySun,Wu,andWeiLiao.However,ChaoGongwu’s"ReadingHistory"saidthatYuanFengzhongused"SixSecretTeachings","SunTzu","WuZi","SimaFa","HuangshiGongSanlue","WeiLiaoZi"and"LiWeiGongQuestions"toawardmartialarts,numbering.Saidthesevenbooks.Ithasbeenhereforalongtime,andthefamilyofsoldiersisalwayscommensurate.Itisstillrecordedtoday,butitisjustlikeright.

Contentexcerpt

One."SixTaoist·WenTao·YingxuNo.2"

WenWangaskedTaigong,"TheworldisXixi,onesurplusandoneemptiness,onecureandonechaos,sowhy?Therulerandthevirtuousarenotequaltoeachother?Thetimechangesnaturally?"

Thegrandpasaid:"Iftherulerisnotayoungman,thecountryisindangerandthepeopleareinchaos;Tianshi."

WenWangsaid:"Cantheancientsageshear?"

TheTaigongsaid:"TheformeremperorYaoisthekingoftheworld,andtheso-calledsagesofthepast."

WenWangsaid:"Howaboutitsgovernance?"

TheTaigongsaid:"WhenEmperorYaoandKingYaowereintheworld,gold,silver,pearlsandjadewerenotdecorated,beautifulandbeautiful,undressed,strangeandrare.Ignore,playgoodtoolsarenottreasures,donotlistentothepleasuresofobscenity,miyagakihousesarenotchalky,攍楷楹楹arenottucked,andmaoziisnotcutinthecourtyard.Thesoupofquinoaisnotmadebylabor.

Therefore,itisharmfultothepeople'sachievements.Cuttheheartandmakeacommitmenttodonothing.Theloyalandhonestpeoplerespecttheirposition,andthosewhoarehonestandloversaregenerous.Peoplewhohavefilialpietyloveandrespect,andthosewhodotheirbesttocultivatemulberrywillcomfortandencouragethem.Theywillnotbegentle,showtheirdoors,befairandhonest,andbanevilandhypocrisybylaw.Thosewhohate,meritwillberewarded;thosewholove,sinmustbepunished.Keepingthewidowsandwidowsandlonelinessintheworld,vibratingthehomeofdisasterandperishing.Hisownperformanceisalsoverythin,andhistaxesanddutiesareveryfew.Therefore,thepeoplearerichandhappywithoutthecolorofhungerandcold.Thepeoplewearhismonarchlikethesunandthemoon,andkisshismonarchlikehisparents."

WenWangsaid:"Great!Thevirtueofavirtuousmonarch."

Second."SixTaoism·WenTao·NationalAffairsThird"

ThekingofWenaskedtheTaigong:"Wishtohearisthecountry'smajortask,andifyouwanttomaketheLordrespectthepeople,whatcanIdo?"

TheTaigongsaid:"It'sjusttolovethepeople."

WenWangsaid:"HowcanIlovethepeople?"

Don’tkill,don’ttakeadvantageofit,happyanddon’tbitter,happyanddon’tbeangry."

WenWangsaid:"Daretoexplainwhy."

TheTaigongsaid:"PeoplearenotIfyoufailinyourduties,youwillgainbenefits,ifyoudonotlosetime,youwillsucceedinfarming.Ifyousavepunishment,youwillbeborn.Ifyouhaveasmallamountofmoney,youwillenjoyit.Ifthefarmerlosesthetime,hewillbedefeated,ifheisnotguilty,hewillbepunished.Thepeoplearelikethebelovedsonofaparent,likeabrother'sbelovedyoungerbrother,youwillbeworriedwhenyouseehimhungryandcold,youwillbesadwhenyouseehimlabor,rewardsandpunishmentsarelikeaddingtoone'sbody,andrewardingisliketakingpossessions.Thisisalsothewaytolovethepeople."

WhenZhangLiangwashidinginXiapi(nownorthofSuining,JiangsuProvince),heoncewalkedcasuallyonthebridgeinXiapiandmetanoldmaninashortcoat.HewalkedinfrontofZhangLiang,deliberatelydroppedhisshoesunderthebridge,andsaidtoZhangLiang,"Ruzi,getyourshoesoff!"("HistoricalRecords·LiuhouFamily")ZhangLiangwassurprisedandwantedtobeathimupbecausehesawhimWhenhewasold,hebarelyheldbackhisbreathandpickeduphisshoes.Theoldmansaid:"Followme!"ZhangLiangwasevenmoreangry,butthinkingthathehadpickeduptheshoes,hekneltdownandputthemonhim.Theoldmantookittohisfeetandleftwithasmile.Aftertheseparation,ZhangLiangwasparticularlysurprised,watchinghimastheoldmanwent.Theoldmanleftaboutonemileawayfromthescene,returned,andsaid:"Youcanteachyou.Thenextfivedays,youwillmeetwithme."("HistoricalRecords·LiuhouFamily")ZhangLiangwasamazedandkneltdownandagreedinadaze."Yes".Atthedawnoffivedayslater,ZhangLiangleft.Theoldmanwasalreadytherefirst,andsaidangrily:"Whatabouttheoldage?"Thenheleft,andsaid:"Wewillmeetinthemorningonthenextfivedays."("HistoricalRecords·LiuhouFamily")Fivemoredayspassed,Assoonastheroostercrowed,ZhangLiangwentthere.Theoldmanwasthereagainandsaidangrily:"Later,why?"Askedhimwhenheleft:"Comebackearlyinthenextfivedays."("HistoricalRecords:TheFamilyofLiuhou")Afterfivedays,ZhangLiangwenttherelessthanmidnight.Afterawhile,theoldmanalsocameandsaidhappily:"Itshouldbeso."Thenhetookoutabookandsaid:"Readingthisisthemasteroftheking."Xingtenyearslater.Inthethirteenthyear,RuzisawmeinJibei,andHuangshiundertheGuchengMountainwasme."("HistoricalRecords:TheFamilyofLiuhou")soheleftwithoutsayingaword.Sincethen,ZhangLianghasneverseentheoldmanagain.Afterdawn,hereadthebook,"TheArtofWaroftheTaigong",becauseZhangLiangfeltitwasunusual.,Ioftenreadit.Thirteenyearslater,ZhangLiangfollowedGaodithroughJibei,andhereceivedtheHuangshiundertheGuchengMountainasatreasure.AfterZhangLiang’sdeath,hewasburiedwithHuangshi.

Ruzicanteach

ThosewhostayedinZhangliangwerethefirstKoreans.LiangchangwalkedcalmlyonXiapiao,andtherewasanoldfather,whowasinbrownclothes,wenttoLiangsho,andfellstraightintohisshoes.Next,GuWeiliangsaid:"Ruzi,getyourshoesdown!Liangwasstunned,eagerforEurope,forhiselders,forbearance,andfetchshoes.Fathersaid:"Followme!"Liangyeistofetchshoes,becauseoflongkneelingshoes.Fathertakeshisfeetandlaughsandleaves.Liangshuisshocked,followhiseyes.Fathergoestotheinnerplaceandreturns,andsaid:"Russcanteachyou.Inthenextfivedays,hewillmeetwithme."LiangYinisstrange,kneelingandsaying:"No."Onthe5th,itisclearandgood.Thefatherisalreadythere,andhesaidangrily:"Whenyouareintheoldage,whynot?""Go,"said:"Wewillmeetinthemorningfivedayslater."Thecockcrowedonthe5th,andwentwell.Fathercamefirstagain,andsaidinangeragain:"Later,why?"Go,andsay:"Comebackearlyinthenextfivedays.""Onthe5th,thegoodnightisnothalfwaythere.Afterawhile,myfatherwillcome,andherejoicesandsaid:"Asitis."Publishedabook,said:"Readingthisisthemasteroftheking.Inthenexttenyears,whentheRuzisawmeinJibeiinthe13thyear,HuangshiundertheGuchengMountainwasme."ThenIwent,withoutsayinganything,andnolongersee.Danriregardshisbookas"TheArtofWaroftheTaigong".Becauseofthedifferentreasons,Ioftenlearntoreadit.-Excerptedfrom"HistoricalRecords·LiuhouFamily"