Introductiontothework
"TheStoryofGongyang"isalsoknownas"TheStoryoftheSpringandAutumnGongyang"and"TheSpringandAutumnPeriodoftheGongyang"."ChunQiu"isconsistent,thatis,from722BCto481BC,itsinterpretationhistoryisverybrief,andemphasizesontheso-called"micro-wordsandgreatmeanings"of"ChunQiu",usingquestionandanswertoexplainthescriptures.Thestartandendof"TheStoryofGongyang"and"TheSpringandAutumnPeriod"arethesame.
Accordingtolegend,theauthorwasZixia’sdisciple,whowasinthesamestateasGongyangGaoduringtheWarringStatesPeriod.Atfirstitwasonlyspreadbywordofmouth.WhenEmperorJingoftheWesternHanDynastypassedittothegreat-grandsonGongyangshou,GongyangshouandHuMusheng(Zidu)wrote"TheSpringandAutumnGongyangBiography"onZhusi."TheStoryofGongyang"includestheEasternHanDynastyHeXiu's"SpringandAutumnGongyangExplanation",theTangDynastyXuYan's"GongyangBiography",andtheQingDynastyChenLi's"GongyangYishu".
Theoldtitleoftheauthorof"TheStoryofGongyang"wasGongyanggaoofQipeopleduringtheWarringStatesPeriod.HewasstudiedbyConfuciusdiscipleXia,andlaterbecameoneofthethreegreatmasterswhopassedon"TheSpringandAutumn".
"TheStoryofGongyang"isoneofthethreebiographyofSpringandAutumn,thatis,thebookannotated"Chunqiu".TherearealsotwofamiliesoftheZoufamilyandtheJiafamily,whichhavebeenlostasearlyastheHanDynasty."HanShu·YiWenZhi","HistoricalRecords·ChronologyofTwelvePrinces",explainedtheoriginsoftheSpringandAutumnThreeBiographyingreatdetail.JinFanningcommentedonthecharacteristicsofthethreebiographyof"SpringandAutumn":""ZuoShi"iscolorfulandrich,anditslossisalsowitch(referringtothestoryofghostsandgods)."Guliang"isclearandgraceful,anditslossisshort."Sheep"isdebatedandjudged,anditslossisalsopopular."
"Shangshu"and"Chunqiu":"ZuoShiJiYan,RightShiJiShi,saiditis"ShangShu",thematteris"ChunQiu"."ThisTheyarethetwoearliestrecorded(Oracleboneinscriptions)booksinancientChina.
The"SpringandAutumn"isamemorial,andlateritwasscatteredandlost.Onlythe"SpringandAutumn"byConfuciuswasleftbehind.","Gu(Yu)LiangZhuan","ZuoZhuan"."ChunQiu"and"ZuoZhuan"arechronologicalhistorybooks.
TheSpringandAutumnScripturesareconciseanddeepinmeaning.Ifthereisnocomment,youwillnotbeabletounderstandit.NoteChunqiu'sbooksincludeZuo's,Gongyang,andGu(榖)liangfamily,whicharecalledChunqiuSanzhuan.TherearealsotwofamiliesoftheZoufamilyandtheJiafamily,whichhavebeenlostasearlyastheHanDynasty.Therefore,sincetheHanDynasty,scholarshaveonlystudiedtheSpringandAutumnPeriodthroughthethreebiography.
Asafamilystudy,"GongyangChunqiu"wasoriginallyonlypassedonbywordofmouth,tothegreatgrandsonGongyangShou(renofEmperorHanJing)FangandHuWushengofQi("Hanshu"HuMusheng,FusurnamedHuWu,firstnameZidu,Shengisthemeaningof"Mr.")cooperatingtofinalizethe"ChunqiuGongyangBiography"and"writteninZhusi".Therefore,theauthorof"TheStoryofGongyang",BanGu's"Hanshu·Yiwenzhi"generallyreferredtoitas"Gongyangzi",YanShigusaiditwasGongyanggao,and"SikuQuanshuGeneralCatalog"wassignedasHanGongyangshou.Therearedifferentopinions.
Thegenrecharacteristicof"GongyangZhuan"isthattheScripturesaremerged,andtheversesnarratethemeaningofthe"Chunqiu"verseslinebyline,whichisdifferentfrom"ZuoZhuan"whichmainlyrecordshistoricalfacts."GongyangZhuan"isanimportantscriptureofJinwenScripture,anditisoftenusedasatoolforpoliticaldiscussionbythescholarsofJinwenScriptureinthepastdynasties.Atthesametime,itisalsoanimportantmaterialforstudyingConfucianismfrompre-QintoHan.
Thebooksthatlaterannotated"TheStoryofGongyang"mainlyincludeHeXiu's"InterpretationofGongyangintheSpringandAutumnPeriod"byHeXiuoftheEasternHanDynasty;".
TheoreticalFeatures
Asthebackboneofthemodernliteratureschool,"TheStoryoftheSpringandAutumnGongyang"hasauniquetheoreticalcolor.Therearethreemainitems:
1.Political.Talkabout"restructuring",preach"greatunification",setasidechaos,andlegislateforthequeen.
2.Variability.Itformedasetofhistoricalandphilosophicaltheoreticalsystemof"TheThreeGenerations"."TheStoryofGongyang"talksabout"thedifferentwordsseen,thedifferentwordsheard,andthedifferentwordsheard"isitsembryonicform.DongZhongshuusedittoclassifytheTwelveSpringandAutumnPeriodsinto"theworldseen","theworldheard",and"theworldheard".Thestandardisdividedintodifferentstages.
3.The"threegenerationstheory"of"TheStoryoftheSpringandAutumnGongyang":"Theworldheard"is"accordingtothechaoticworld","thesummerisinsideandoutsidethecountry";"theworldheard"isthe"shengpingworld","NeiZhuXia,WaiYiDi";"Seeingtheworld"is"TaiPingShi","YiDientersasYuJue,theworldisfarandnear,bigandsmall".
AccordingtotheelucidationofGongyang'sfamilyinJinwen,oneoftheimportantcontentsof"righteousness"in"SpringandAutumn"is"ZhangSanshi".Thatis,Confuciusdividedthe242-yearhistoryoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodinto"Accordingtothetroubledtimes","Shengpingtimes",and"Taipingtimes".Therearetwopointsworthnotingaboutthisunderstandingofmodernwriters:
1.Thehistoricalmovementthey"describe"doesnotconformtohistoricalfactsbutconformsto"ideal".Judgingfromthehistoryofthe"natural"oftheSpringandAutumnPeriod,thefalsehoodofthe"threegenerations"theoryisobvious.GuJiegang’s"ComprehensiveStudyoftheThreeBiographyofSpringandAutumnandtheMandarinLanguage"pointedout:"Thistheoryofthethreegenerationsisverydifficulttobelieve.Infact,thefallintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,thelesspeace,thepoliticalchaosandthepeoplehavenothingtotell,canitbesaidthatitispeaceful?"
SincetheHanDynastyatleast,JinwenGongyangFamilyhasconductedimaginativediscussionsontheregularityofhumanhistoricalmovement.AccordingtotheargumentoftheGongyangfamily,theevolutionofhumanhistoryfrom"accordingtothechaoticworld"totherelativelypeacefulandstable"shengpingworld"andthentothe"taipingworld"isan"ideal"socialdevelopmenttrack.Inthissetoftheories,thereisavaluableembryonicthoughtthat"themovementofhistoryisregular".
2.The"SanshiTheory"iscircularinitsessentialstipulation.However,withinthecycleofthe"threegenerations"oftheturbulenttimes-Shengping-Taiping,thereisasequenceofcontinuous"forward"development,whichisthereforean"evolutionary"sequence.HeXiu’scommentaryon"TheStoryofGongyang"furtherincorporatesthedescriptionofDatongandXiaokanginthe"BookofRites"anddevelopedintoacertainsystematic"threegenerations"historicalphilosophy,demonstratingthathistoryisevolutionary,andchangeandchangeareTheuniversallawofhistory.
HeXiu’sfurtherdevelopmentwhenheannotatedthe"ChunqiuGongyangBiography":whatheseesisZhaoDingwei,andcurrentaffairsofhimselfandhisfather;whathehearsisWenXuanchengxiang,andthecurrentaffairsofWang'sfather;Accordingtotherumors,YinhuanzhuangMinxi,thegreatancestorofthegreatancestor,isalsothecurrentaffairs....Intheworldthathasbeenheard,seeinggovernancearisesfromdecayandchaos,andtheintentionisstillrough,sothecountryiswithinthecountryandthesummerisoutside;...…AsfarastheworldIhaveseen,hetreatspeace,YiDiadvancestoYujue,andtheworldisaslargeasthedistance.……Soforthethreegenerations,theceremonyistheparentsforthreeyears,thegrandparentsperiod,andthegreat-grandparentsfailinMarch,andtheestablishmentofloveisfromthebeginningofthekiss.("ChunQiuGongYangJingZhuanXunXun·YinADYear")
AccordingtoHeXiu'sexplanation,the242yearsofSpringandAutumnHistoryhasgonethroughtherumoreddeclineandchaos,andtheriseandfalloftheworld.ThisisthesameasthethreestagesoftheTaipingWorld.Andsotherewillbethreestages,becausethe"li"isShangsanandsoon.ThisisHeXiu'stheoryofhistoricalevolution,andthebiographyofGongyangitselfdoesnothavesomuchmeaning.SincetheEasternHanDynasty,thestructureoffeudalsocietytendedtobestable,andtheancientliteraturetheorythatadvocated"respectingtheancient"wasmoresuitableasapoliticalguidingideology,replacingtherespectedstatusofthemodernliteraturetheorythatadvocated"reform"and"change".TheGongyangdoctrineofJinwenhasbeendepressedformorethanathousandyearssincethen,andhasbeenbroughtupagaininthemiddleoftheQingDynasty.
Circulationsituation
The"GongyangZhuan"waswrittenintheearlyHanDynasty,anditwaswrittenintheofficialscriptthatprevailedintheHanDynasty.Itisarepresentativeclassicinthemodernclassics.ScholarsinGongyangbelievethatthe"ChunQiuJing"isConfuciusborrowingthe242yearsofhistoryintheSpringandAutumnPeriodtoexpresshispoliticalviews.Thisisdifferentfromtheancientliteratureschool'sbeliefthatthe"ChunQiuJing"isahistoricalwork.
Theinheritancesystemof"TheStoryofGongyang"fromthebeginningoftheWarringStatesPeriodtothebeginningoftheHanDynastyis:Zixia→Gongyanggao→Gongyangping→Gongyangdi→Gongyangdan→Gongyangshou→HuWuzidu(Sheng);Thestudyof"SpringandAutumn"bytheGongyangSchoolbegantospreadonlyorally.BythetimeofEmperorJingoftheHanDynasty,HuMushengandhisteacherGongYangShouusedtheofficialscriptoftheHanDynastyto"writeonthebamboosilk",andthenmade"TheStoryofGongyang"."Intoabook.
Therewerethree"Gongyang"biographyintheearlyHanDynasty.SimaQiansaidin"TheBiographyoftheScholars":"TheSpringandAutumnPeriodisYuQi,LuZiHuWu,ZhaoZiDongZhongshu,...GongsunHongzhi"TheSpringandAutumn"isnotasgoodasDongZhongshu...sobetweentheHanDynastyandthefifthgeneration,DongZhongshuwasnamedinthe"Chunqiu",andhisbiography"Gongyangshi"isalso.ProfessorGui,QiZhiyan’s"SpringandAutumn"aremorepopularwithHuWusheng,andGongsunhongisalsoquitepopular."Amongthesethree,DongZhongshuisthebest,thatis,hisinterpretationof"GongYang"ismoresimilartothatofHuWusheng.Gongsunhongisprofound,butheisalwaysonlyaschoolin"Gongyang",nottheonlymasterof"Gongyang".Inparticular,HeXiu,thegreatestrepresentativeof"Gongyang"studiesintheEasternHanDynasty,madeitclearthatHuWushengwasthemasterof"Gongyang"inhisfamous"GongyangInterpretation",andDongZhongshuwasnotmentionedinasingleword.
IntheearlyperiodoftheWesternHanDynasty,theeraneededthepoliticalideologyoffeudalunification."GongYangChunQiu"istheresultofQischolars'transformationofConfucius'"ChunQiu",soitwasvaluedbyEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.InthereignofEmperorHanJing,HuMushengandDongZhongshuwererecruitedasdoctors.Thetwocolleaguesinthe"GongyangChunqiu"(somescholarsbelievethatheisthediscipleofHuMusheng),DongZhongshuoncewroteabookcalledhisvirtue.ItwastheQischolarsrepresentedbyDongZhongshuandHuMushengwhotransformedConfucianismintonewConfucianismthatmettheneedsofgreatunification,andgainedtheappreciationofEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyandgainedtheacademicdominanceof"rejectingahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectingConfucianism."HuMushenghadmanydisciples.InadditiontoGongsunHong,thefamousonesincludeChuDainLanling,YingGonginDongping,DuanZhonginGuangchuan,andLuBushuinWenZhi.Later,thepeopleofQi,RenGong,GongYu,GuanDao,ZuoXian,LuSuimeng,YanAnle,YanPengzu,etc.wereallusedtocontrolthe"ChunqiuGongyangBiography".
"GongyangChunqiu"occupiesanimportantpositionintraditionalChineseculture.HeXiuoftheEasternHanDynasty,XuYanoftheTangDynasty,ZhuangCunyu,KongGuangsen,LiuFenglu,GongZizhen,WeiYuanoftheChangzhouSchoolinthemiddleandlateQingDynastyUntilthemodernreformists,KangYouweiandLiangQichaowereinfluentialfiguresintheGongyangschool.
In1995,JiangQingpublishedthebook"IntroductiontoGongyangStudies",whichwasthebeginningoftherevivalofcontemporaryGongyangStudies.
Historicalvalue
Thehistoricalthoughtsof"TheStoryofGongyang"aremoreabundantthanthoseof"TheStoryofGuliang",anditsinfluenceismoreprofound.IntheHandynasty,Gongyanglearningwasprominentintheworld.AftertheWeiandJinDynasties,aftermorethanathousandyearsofdepression,itwasrevivedbeforeandaftertheOpiumWar.Itbecamepopularforawhileandbecametheideologicalweaponofthemodernreformmovement.ItwasalsotheChineseintellectualcirclesattheturnofthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturiesthatacceptedtheWesterntheoryofevolution.Ideologicalfoundation.Theemergenceandtwoprevalenceof"GongyangStudies"isathought-provokinghistoricalphenomenoninthehistoryofthoughtandhistoriography.Thesecretisthat"GongyangBiography"containsauniquesetofpolitics-historicalphilosophy.
"GongyangZhuan"waswrittenatthebeginningofHanDynasty.ItwaswrittenintheofficialcharacterscommonlyusedintheHanDynasty.Itisarepresentativeclassicofmodernclassics.ScholarsinGongyangbelievethatthe"ChunQiuJing"isConfuciusborrowingthe242yearsofhistoryintheSpringandAutumnPeriodtoexpresshispoliticalviews.Thisisdifferentfromtheancientliteratureschool'sbeliefthatthe"ChunQiuJing"isahistoricalwork.Startingfromthisfundamentalpoint,"TheStoryofGongyang"containssomehistoricalideasthatcanbeusedbypeople:
First,"TheStoryofGongyang"believesthatConfuciusrunsthroughthe"ChunQiuJing".Political"righteousness"suchas"unification"and"resolvingchaos".VigorouslycommendConfucius'supportforZhouTianzi'spositionof"theworldisthemaster",asthemostimportantprincipleofConfucianism,topreparepublicopinionfortheongoing"unification"inthelateWarringStatesperiod.ItevendirectlybecametheguidingprincipleofConfuciusformulatedspecificallyfortheemperoroftheHanDynasty!
Secondly,"TheStoryofGongyang"alsocontainstheviewpointsofhistoricalchange,whichpeoplecandeduceanddividethedevelopmentstagesofhistory.ThisisthefamousRamIII.Moreimportantly,itsinterpretationoftheThreeGenerationsofDifferentWordscontainsaveryvaluablepointofview:theSpringandAutumnPeriod242isnotregardedasamonolithic,solidifiedandunchanging,butascanbedividedintodifferentstagesofdevelopmentaccordingtocertainstandards.
Thirdly,"TheStoryofGongyang"isdevotedto"microwordsandgreatmeaning".Theabovetwoareextremelyimportant"micro-speakingandgreatjustice".Otherobviousonesare:YinGongtalkedaboutridiculeShiqinginthreeyears;ZhuangGongtalkedabout"VengeanceoftheNinthGeneration"infouryears;Taboo,tabooforthesage"andsoon.Suchthingscanbeextendedbycomparison.
Inconclusion,thehistoricalphilosophyof"GongyangBiography"hasthreemajorcharacteristics:politics,variabilityandcomparability,whicharerareinConfucianclassics.
Themainspiritof"TheStoryofGongyang"istopromotethesideofConfucianismtosetasidechaos,righteouslydestroyrelatives,andruthlesslysuppressrebelliousofficialsandthieves,andtoservethestrengtheningofcentraldictatorshipand"greatunification"."GongyangZhuan"isespeciallyrecommendedbytheJinwenConfucianschool,anditisanimportantclassicofJinwenConfucianism,anditisoftenusedasatoolforpoliticaldiscussionbymodernConfucianscholarsinallgenerations.ItisalsoanimportantmaterialforstudyingConfucianismintheWarringStates,QinandHanDynasties.
Thecontroversybetweenthethreetransmissionsofmodernandancientessays
Thecontroversybetweenthethreetransmissionsofmodernandancientessays,fromtheHanDynastytomoderntimes,hasstillnotreachedaconclusion.InacomprehensivereviewoftheSikuConcise,Zuo’spraiseandcriticismmaybeinaccurate,butthefactsmentionedarebasedonancientofficialhistory.Ifyoudon’tknowthewholestory,howcanyoumakeaguess?Therefore,studyingtheSpringandAutumnPeriodmusttakeZuoZhuanasthefoundation.
"TheStoryofGongyang"hasbeenpassedonfromZixiatoGongyangshou.Aftersixtransmissions,itwasalltaughtorally,withthehelpoftheteacher.Itisinevitablethatitdoesnotlosethemeaningofasaint.Whatithassuffered.GuLiangziandGongyangarethesameteachers,andtheyhavefewertextsthanGongyang,buttheyhavesomeessence,whichmaybeinferiortoGongyang.Thisargumentcanbedescribedasfair.
ManyofthefactsrecordedbytheZuofamilyarebeyondtheunderstandingofordinarypeople.Forexample,intheeighthyearofZhuangGong,Qihousawabighoginthewild,whichwaschangedbytheunjustlykilledsonPengSheng.,Qihoushotitinanger,andthepigcrowedstandingup.IntheseventhyearofEmperorZhaogong,ZhengZichantoldthestoryofKingYu'sfatherGunwhoturnedintoayellowbear(abear)afterhisdeath.Therearemanyotherthingsaboutghostsandgods,aswellastheperiodofdivinationofmisfortuneandgoodfortune.Thisisindeedstrangetoscholarswhopayattentiontoreallife.Therefore,FanNingsaidinhisprefacetoGuLiang'sbiography:"TheZuofamilyisbeautifulandrich,anditslossisalsowitch".However,itisclearthatthemoremiracles,thewidertheknowledgeprovidedtoscholars.Thescholarscanunderstandthecausesandconsequencesindepth,broadentheirhorizons,andexplorethenaturalconvenienceofthescriptures.Therefore,ZuoZhuanisthemainstay,andthetwofamiliesofGongguarealsocollected,whichisactuallytherightwaytostudytheSpringandAutumnPeriod.
Comment
ZhengXuancriticizedin"SixArtsTheory":"Zuoclanisgoodatetiquette,GongYangisgoodatprophecy,GuLiangisgoodatscripture."
FanningoftheEasternJinDynasty(grandfatherofFanYe,authorof"TheBookoftheLaterHanDynasty")commentedonthecharacteristicsofthethreebiographyof"Chunqiu"inhisbook"Chunqiuliangjingzhuanji"."Guliang"isclearandgraceful,anditslossesareshort."Gongyang"isdebatedandjudged,anditslossesarealsovulgar."Theachievementof"GongyangZhuan"liesintheuseofthepraiseandcriticismof"SpringandAutumn",soastofindoutthe"micro-wordsandgreatmeanings"."Verydifferentmeaningscanbestrange"(bothintheEasternHanHeXiuYu).
Original
Original:LingGongisinnocent,sothatallthedoctorsareinward,andthentheyarecaughtonthestageandshot.AndPiwanisnothingmorethanpleasure.ZhaoDunhascomeoutofthecourt,standingwiththedoctorsinthecourt,therearesomepeoplewhohavecomeoutoftheirboudoirs.ZhaoDunsaid:"Whereisthehusband?Thehusbandisoutoftheboudoir?"Withoutcallingit,hesaid:"Thesondoctor,ifyouwanttoseeit,thenyoucanseeit."ZhaoDunjustlookedatit,andhewasdead.andalso.ZhaoDunsaid,"Whereisit?"hesaid,"IamnotfamiliarwiththefoodbutXiongKuoisunfamiliar.Thepublicangerkillshimbyfighting,andthedistractionwillmakemeabandonhim."ZhaoDunsaid:"Hee!".LinggongsawZhaoDuncomplainandbowedagain.ZhaoDunpipatrolledthenorthandthenworshippedthechiefinspector,approachinghim,Linggongwasstunned,andwantedtokillhim.Therefore,ifawarriorentershisgate,thereisnoonewhohasnoone;whenheentershisboudoir,thereisnoonewhohasaboudoir;whenheentershishall,thereisnoone.Peepingdownathishousehold,Fangeatsfish.Thewarriorsaid:"Hey!Ziissincereandbenevolent!IfIenterthegateoftheson,therewillbenoone;ifIentertheboudoiroftheson,therewillbenoone;inthehalloftheupperson,therewillbenoone;thesoniseasy.ToeatfishforthesakeoftheJinDynastyisthethriftoftheson.Thekingwillmakemekillmyson,andIcan'tbeartokillmyson.Although,Ican'tseemygentlemanagain."Thenhechokedhisneckanddied.Linggonghearstheangeranddesirestokill,andnoonecanmakethepast.SoFuJiawasinthepalaceandsummonedZhaoDuntoeatit.
ZhaoDun’scaristherightQiMiming,andthecountry’sstrongmanalsoenteredfromZhaoDunandstoodunderthehall.ZhaoDunhaseaten,andLinggongcalledtheshieldandsaid:"Iheartheswordoftheson,andtheswordisalsocoveredbythesword.Thesonistoshowme,IwillwatchYan."ZhaoDunstartedtoadvancethesword,andQiMimingsaidfromthenext:"Theshieldwillcomeoutifyouarefull,sowhydrawyourswordfromthemonarch'splace?"ZhaoDunknewit,andwalkedaway.LinggonghasaZhoudog,whichiscalledthemastiff,andthemastiffbelongstoit,andthemastiffisalsosubordinatetoit.QiMiminghesitatedagainstit,andabsolutelynodded.ZhaoDunGusaid:"Theking'smastiffisnotliketheminister'smastiff!"ZhaoDunGusaid:"WhydoIgetthisfrommyson?"hesaid:"Theonewhoateandlivedmeundertheviolentmulberryatacertaintime."ZhaoDunsaid:"Whoisthesonnamed?"Jie?Thechild’sride,whyaskmyname?"ZhaoDundroveout,andtherewasnooneleft.ThepeopleofZhaoChuanyuandidn'tsayanything,theystartedtokillthesoul,andthengreetedZhaoDunin,andstoodinthecourtwithhim,andbecameablackbuttocks.
Translation:LordJinLingisnotdoingtherightway,sothatthedoctorsaregoingtofaceup,buthestandsonthestageandshootsthedoctorwhoshootsupwithaslingshot.HisdoctorsRunningaroundandavoidingthebullets,JinLinggongjustmadefunofit.OnceZhaoDuncameoutfromthecourtandstoodwiththedoctors.Someoneliftedabasketandcameoutfromthesmalldoorinthepalace.ZhaoDunasked,"Whatisthat,andwhydidthebasketcomeoutfromthesmalldoor?"Butthen,hesaid:"Youareadoctor,comeandhavealookifyouwantto."ZhaoDuntookacloserlook,andhewasadeadman.ZhaoDunasked,"Whoisthis?"Themanreplied,"It'stheslaughter,hedidn'tcookthebearpaws.Themonarchwasangryandbeathimtodeathonthehead,dismemberingthebodyandletmethrowitout.ZhaoDunsaid,"Ah,"hequicklysteppedintothepalace.WhenLinggongsawZhaoDuncomingin,hebowedtohimtwiceinhorror.ZhaoDunhesitated,bowedhisheadtothenorthtwice,andwalkedoutquickly.LingGongfeltashamed,sohewantedtokillZhaoDun.
SohesentsomeoneawarriortokillZhaoDun.ThewarriorenteredthegateofZhaoDun'shouseandsawnooneguardingit;enteringthesmallgateofthecourtyard,noonewasguardingit;walkingupthehall,noonewasseeneither.ThewarriorloweredhisheadtopeekthroughthecrackofthedoorandsawZhaoDuneatingafish-onlydinner.Thewarriorsaid:"Ah,heisreallyabenevolentperson.Ididn'tseeanyonewhenIenteredthegate,Ididn'tseeanyonewhenIenteredtheinnerroom,andIdidn'tseeanyonewhenIwalkedintothehall,whichshowshissavings.HeisagreatministerofJin.,Buteatingdinnerwithonlyfish,youcanseehissimplicity.Themonarchaskedmetokillhim,Ican'tbeartokillhim.Evenso,Ican'tseemymonarchagain."Sohekilledhimself.LordJinLingwasveryangrywhenheheardaboutit,andevenwantedtokillZhaoDun,butmanyofhissubordinatescouldnotbesenttoperformthistask.SoJinLinggongambushedagoodsoldierinthepalaceandaskedZhaoDuntocometoeat.ZhaoDun'swarriornamedQiMiming,astrongmanoftheJinKingdom,followedZhaoDunintothepalacebravelyandcametothehalltostand.AfterZhaoDunhadeatenit,LordJinLingsaidtoZhaoDun,"Iheardthatyourswordisasharpsword.TakeitouttomeandIwillwatchit."ZhaoDunstoodupandwantedtoshowtheswordtoLordJinLing.QiMimingshoutedinthehall:"ZhaoDuncameoutwhenhewasfull,whydidhedrawhisswordinthemonarch'sresidence?"ZhaoDununderstooditimmediatelyandhurrieddownthesteps.
Jinlinghasawell-traineddogcalledMastiff.JinLinggongcalledthemastifftochaseZhaoDun.Themastiffalsochaseddownquickly.QiMiminggreetedhimwithakickandbrokethemastiff'schin.ZhaoDunturnedhisheadandsaid:"Themonarch,yourmastiffisnotasgoodastheminister'smastiff!"However,thearmoredsoldiersinambushinthepalacerushedupwithdrums,andoneofthempickedZhaoDunandputitonthecar.ZhaoDunturnedhisheadandasked,"WhywouldIletyoutreatmelikethis?"Jiabingsaid,"YougavemefoodonetimeunderabigmulberrytreesothatIcouldsurvive."ZhaoDunasked,"Whatisyourname?"JiaBingsaid:"WhoisourmonarchambushingtheJiaBingfor?Youcangetinthecarquickly,whyaskmyname."ZhaoDundroveout,buttheJiaBingdidnotstophim.ZhaoChuanusedthepeople'sdissatisfactionasanexcusetokillDukeJinLing,andthengreetedZhaoDuntoenterthecapital.
TheAuthor’sMystery
Itissaidthat"TheStoryofGongyang"wascompiledbyGongyangGaoduringtheWarringStatesPeriod.LikeZuoZhuanandGuLiangBiography,GongYangZhuanwasinitiallyspreadseparatelyfromChunQiu.ProbablyinthelateWesternHanDynasty,whenthefamousscholarLiuXin"quotedthetexttointerpretthescriptures",hehonoredtheLuKingdomhistorybook"ChunQiu"compiledbyConfuciusas"jing",andregarded"ZuoShiChunQiu"and"GongYangChunQiu"."GuliangChunqiu"iscalledthe"biography"oftheinterpretingscriptures,andlatergenerationsusedthebiographytoattachthescripturesandcombinedthemintooneseries.Fromthenon,thesethreebookswerecollectivelycalledthe"ChunqiuSanzhuan".
The"SpringandAutumnPeriod"categoryof"Hanshu·Yiwenzhi"includes:"ElevenVolumesof"TheStoryofGongyang"".BanGu'snote:"Gongyangzi,Qipeople."TangDynastyYanshiGu'snote:"FamousGao".Whatisthemeaningof"ram"?Somepeoplethinkthatitisacompoundsurname.Somepeoplesuspectthatboth"Gongyang"and"Guliang"aretransliterationsof"BuShang"(ieZixia).""and"Liang"overlap,so"Gongyang"is"Guliang".Theauthorsofthesetwobooksmaybethesameperson.Thisanalysisisnotnecessarilycredible.
HongYixuan's"JingyiCongchao"intheQingDynastybelievedthattheancientpronunciationoftheword"Ming"waspronounced"mang",and"mang"and"yang"havethesamerhyme.Thatis,theso-calledGongmingGaoyein"Mencius".Thisstatementalsolackspersuasiveness.RegardingGongyangzi,nootherrecordshavebeenfoundinofficialhistory.
Beforeitwaswritten,"TheStoryofGongyang"waspassedonbywordofmouth,anditsinheritanceprocess,accordingtoHeXiu's"PrefacetotheSpringandAutumnGongyang"intheEasternHanDynasty,TangXuyanquotedDaiHongxuandsaid:GongYangGao,GaoChuanandhissonPing,PingChuanandhisson,DiChuanandhissonDare,daretopasshissonShou.AtthetimeofEmperorHanJing,ShouNaiCommunistdiscipleQiRenHuWuziwereallwritteninZhusi."Therearethreepassagesinthispassage.Pointsworthnoting:First,itissaidthat"TheStoryofGongYang"waspasseddownfromXia,adiscipleofConfucius.Second,thecompletionof"TheStoryofGongyang"tookabout340yearsfromZixia(borninthesecondyearofLuDinggong,507BC)tothebeginningofEmperorJingoftheHanDynasty(156BC).Third,the"GongyangBiography"wasonlywrittenintoabookwhenEmperorJingoftheHanDynasty.
Regardingthefirstpoint,YangBojun’s"ABriefTalkonScriptures"pointedout:"Theconceptof'greatunification'in"TheStoryofGongyang"willnotbeavailableuntilaftertheQinandHanDynasties.Thisisenoughtoprovethat"TheStoryofGongyang"HedidnotcomefromZixia."Headded:"Inshort,nomatterRamGaoorGuLiangchi,hemaynotbeZixia'sstudent,soheisnamedZixia,butit'sself-respect."Regardingthesecondpoint,DaiHongsuoTheinheritancecluesmentionedareobviouslywrong.In340years,theGongyangfamilywasonlypasseddowntofivegenerations,andeachgenerationwasseparatedbymorethan65years.Thisisimpossible.Regardingthethirdpoint,itisgenerallycrediblewhen"TheStoryofGongyang"waswrittenbyEmperorHanJing.
The"SummaryoftheGeneralCatalogueoftheSikuQuanshu·ChunqiuGongyangZhuanZhuanShu"believesthat:"IntheBiographyofJinguan,thereare'ZiShenZiYue','ZiSimaZiYue','ZiNuZiYue','ZibeiGongzisaid,"GaoZisaid"and"LuZisaid",andalltheteacherstaughtbyGaiarefromGongYangzi.InthefirstyearofDingAD,thetwosentencesof"thecoffinisbetweenthetwoyokes""GuliangBiography"quotedit,directlycalled"ShenZi",not"GongYang",itisnotnamedGongYangZiifhedoesnothaveasurname.Andthereisalsoa"ZiGongYangZiYue",especiallynot.Yu(Gongyang)GaoZhizhi."Since"TheStoryofGongyangzi"waswrittenbyGongyangzihimself,heshouldnotquotehisownopinions.Itcanbeprovedthattheauthorof"TheStoryofGongyang"isnotGongyanggao,andofcourseitwasnotpassedonbyZixia.Itseemsthat"TheStoryofGongyang"maybeacollectivecreation,anditwasfinallywrittenbybothGongyangShouandhisdiscipleHuWuzi.