Overview
Overseas Trade is a kind of international trade, also known as overseas trade, foreign trade. It is traded through foreign investment in foreign investment. Since the reform and opening up of the country, my country's overseas trade has developed rapidly and strengthens China's trade links with the world.
Overseas trade 's role in trade
Establishing overseas trading companies and resident agencies have an important role in the development of foreign trade. Specific performance in the following aspects:
1, in-depth investigation. Overseas companies can conscientiously understand the economic and trade situation and policies of the country and neighboring countries; investigate the requirements of the local market for the quality, style, color, specifications, packaging and decoration; master market dynamics and demand changes, collect foreign economic and trade information, timely feedback domestic.
2 is for import and export trade. Overseas companies can maintain regular contact with foreign customers, establish and improve sales network, dredge, and expand sales channels. At the same time, in time and economically imported raw materials, advanced technology and equipment in the domestic market, and provide quality services to domestic and international trading links to domestic and foreign trade contacts.
3, increasing foreign exchange income. Companies in capitalist commodity economies are based on profit. China's overseas trading company uses the favorable conditions of foreign countries, using international various flexible trade practices, continuously improves the company's autonomy, and causing business, and more and more sales, and earning funds for the company. Take foreign exchange.
4, a number of professional talents are cultivated. Through the actual work of the overseas trading company, foreign trade cadres can learn the management of capitalist companies in practice, improve their business capabilities, expand their knowledge, and cultivate foreign trade talents who are familiar with international trade and professional knowledge, for the future development Trade-based, multi-operated "international enterprise accumulate backbone strength.
5, vigorously introduce foreign capital. Overseas companies can actively introduce China's investment environment, recommend and introduce joint venture projects, and provide various consulting services. Some overseas companies have been jointly investing in the relevant enterprises in China alone or with foreign business. Some companies carry out the "three-to-one" business, open up and expand the domestic production base, and increase the export source. Overseas companies showed an active role of external quinity in the development of the national economy.
Unlike foreign trade, overseas trade has further strengthened trade exchanges with the world, and it is more convenient to handle the business. With the more frequent trade between trade, overseas trade will have a broader development. .
my country's overseas trade development
Overseas trade is not only a necessary trade in international trade, but also reflects the economic ability of a country, so various countries are active Carry out overseas trade activities. my country's overseas trade has developed rapidly, becoming an important way in my country.
In addition to individual circumstances, China's foreign trade, industrial and trade, local trading companies, and production enterprises with foreign trade management rights are all ownership units, all assets belong to all countries. Therefore, these companies invested in foreign investment in foreign countries, the essence of the essence of China's state-owned enterprises overseas is part of state-owned assets. The economic environment and management methods of capitalism do not change the socialist nature of foreign-foreign-owned enterprises. Overseas joint ventures are an economic organization that coexist with the two economic components of socialist national ownership and capitalist private ownership.
With the deepening of China's economic system reform, collective ownership, foreign-funded enterprises and private companies have also begun to build trading companies outside China. Overseas investment will present economic characteristics mainly owned by the whole people, and coexist with a variety of economic components.
The organizational form of China's overseas trading companies is generally limited liability companies. According to the funding method, it is divided into two:
1, wholly-owned company, self-funded, independently operated, self-contained, independent, independently assumed all the responsibility of the business, and has the entire profit of the company. This way is in the early days of entrepreneurship, and the business is large, but it is convenient for business management. Therefore, foreign trade, industrial trade companies with a certain foreign trade and good business reputation, have adopted a sole proprietorship.
2, the joint venture company, China and foreign parties According to the principle of equal mutual benefit, joint investment, jointly assume the business risks of the company, and share the profits and loss of joint ventures according to the proportion of capital. This way is often lacking foreign exchange funds and customer relationships in China, and does not have to master foreign management experience and a certain expertise, and hoping to use the trade channels of the joint venture to quickly open the market. The key to the success of joint ventures is to choose partners who are willing to cooperate, good to work, strong business, and familiar with market conditions or professional technology.
In addition, there is a way of cooperative management. According to this way, the Chinese side does not have to contribute, nor does it undertake the risk of business, just use a certain export product or a trademark of special rights as a cooperative condition, and according to the requirements of the two parties, according to the size of the goods or commissions, Get corresponding compensation and dividends. But from the legal, China is not a partner. Chinese foreign trade companies usually use cooperative management as a form of transition to joint ventures.
Traders outside China also have two forms
1, the company's representative office is registered to the state-owned deputy department, the company has a foreign business contact and service institution . The representative office is not an independent legal person, and cannot be engaged in profitable business activities.
2, the resident trade representative and group. The permanent representative holds only a member of the country's visit, engaged in the company's business contact and service.
my country's overseas trade has the following characteristics
1, starting late, developing rapid development. In 1979, China opened non-traders outside the country. In early 1980, China's foreign trade professional import and export head office began to build a trading company abroad. At the beginning of 1984, China's overseas trading companies have reached more than 60. By the end of 1987, there were nearly 200 trading companies that were approved abroad, including more than 110 companies, more than 80 joint ventures. With the implementation of China's external open policy, the more and more enterprises are asked to go out to do business, the number of overseas trading companies will continue to increase, and the scale of business will continue to expand.
2, all over the world, relatively concentrated. A resident agencies such as China's overseas trading companies and the company's representative offices are located in more than 50 countries in the world. But mainly concentrated in developed countries with large trade in China. For example, there are about 160 trading companies in the United States, Japan, and Federal Germany, accounting for about half of China's overseas trading companies and resident agencies.
3, the investment is not large, and the economic benefits are still good. As of the end of 1987, China's overseas trading companies have approximately $ 50 million. Compared with the investment of China's overseas non-trader companies, trading companies have less investment. This is because in addition to the business activities of trading company, it is limited to the limited funds, but also due to the preferential conditions of the domestic government's extensive payment, weigh the corporate funds, reduce the disposable investment of overseas companies. In general, many economic benefits of many overseas trading companies are still good, some enterprises can recover all investments after three years.
4, from the joint venture to a wholly community. In the early stages of foreign investment, foreign trade companies have used joint venture or cooperative management. With the accumulation of overseas work and further understanding of the legal and market conditions of key countries, many foreign trade companies believe that their wholly-owned company is more favorable. Solar-owned Trading Companies can achieve better economic benefits abroad as long as they have quality foreign trade cadres and more stable trade channels. At present, the total number of foreign-owned trading companies in China has exceeded the joint venture trading company.
5, business mode, flexible and diverse. Overseas trading companies can learn from capitalism management, widely carry out various business activities. For example: entrusting agent, collect commissions; buy breaking self-operate, earn differences; deposits distribution; wholesale and retail; sales combination; consignment business; money finance; pay trade; futures sale; compensation trade, sets of exchanges, etc. As long as the law is allowed to allow, all internationally effective business practices are available, and overseas companies can adopt.
6, one industry is the main, a variety of operations. In addition to operating import and export trade, overseas trading companies have begun to penetrate to shipping, product design, production enterprises, packaging, real estate, tourism, finance, etc., showing multinational diversified operations. trend.
my country's overseas trade approach and the continuous expansion of my country's economic strength, while overseas trade has also promoted economic and trade development in China and the country, strengthens the relationship between China and the world.