Concept
ThisistheearliestofficialrecognitionanduseofthewordRMAintheUnitedStates.Theessenceofthenewmilitaryrevolutionistheoveralltransformationofthecurrentmechanizedmilitarysystemestablishedsincetheindustrialagetothefutureinformatizedmilitarysystem,thatis,informatizationonthebasisofmechanization.Thebasiccontentofthechangecanbesummarizedasfour"renovations"andone"transformation."
Thefour"renovations"are:
1,Innovatemilitarytechnology,promotetheinformatizationofweaponsandequipment;
2,InnovatethesystemandreorganizeThestructureofthearmy;
3,Innovatecombatmethodstogivefullplaytotheadvantagesofinformatizedequipment;
4,Innovatemilitarythinking,planoperationsandarmybuildingwithnewideas
A"transition":throughtheabove-mentionedfouraspectsofinnovation,topromotetheevolutionoftheformofwarfrommechanizedwarfaretoinformationwarfare.
Origin
Fromtheendofthe1980stothebeginningofthe1990s,anewandprofoundrevolutionhasemergedintheworldmilitaryfield,whichiscalledthe"newmilitaryrevolution."In1993,withthehelpoftheClintonadministrationtoproposethe"informationsuperhighway"construction,thePentagonissuedthe"Four-yearDefenseEvaluationReport"forthefirsttime,whichredesignedthefuturetasksoftheUSmilitaryandplannedmilitaryconstruction.Atthesametime,thegeneralsofthePentagonproudlyproposedtoimplementnewmilitaryreformsandcreatenewmilitaryadvantages.Subsequently,theworld'smajorpowersrespondedoneafteranother.Thenewmilitaryrevolutionisdrivenbyinformationtechnology,precisionguidancetechnology,aerospacetechnology,newenergytechnology,biotechnology,andstealthtechnology.Itsessenceistoupdateweaponsandequipment,reformthemilitarysystem,innovatemilitarytheories,andrefreshtheformofwarfare.
Reasonsforthechange
First,theunderstandingofthedevastatingconsequencesofnuclearweaponsandthecrueltyofwar
Second,thechangesintheworldpoliticalandeconomicstructureandtheactivepromotionoftheUnitedStates
Third,anewroundofworldscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionandarelativelypeacefulandstableinternationalenvironment
Four,militarythreatsfromspace.
Connotationofchange
First,informationsuperiorityisthecoreofthenewmilitaryrevolution
Second,innovativemilitarytheoryisthesoulofthenewmilitaryrevolution
Three,intelligentweaponsystemisthepivotofthenewmilitaryrevolution
Fourth,thereformedsystemisthefocusofthenewmilitaryrevolution
Characteristicsofthechange
First,thepromotionofhigh-techgroups
Second,thedurationisshort
Three,thedevelopmentimbalanceisintensified
Four,thetransformationoftheformofwar
Developmenttrend
First,theintelligentizationofweaponsandequipment
Itsimportantsymbolisthatvariousprecisionguidedweapons(PGM,PrecisionGuidedMunition)havegraduallybecometheprotagonistsofthebattlefield..Duringthe14-yearVietnamWar,theprecision-guidedmunitionsusedbytheU.S.militaryonlyaccountedfor0.2%ofthetotalammunitionused.Atthattime,onlysmartbombswithhighhitaccuracy(SmartBomb)wereused.Bythe1991GulfWar,theprecision-guidedmunitionsusedbytheUSmilitaryaccountedfor8%ofthetotalammunitionused.Atthattime,theTomahawkcruisemissilesweremainlyused.Thisproportionroseto35%and60%duringtheKosovoWarin1999andtheAfghanistanWarin2001,respectively.
Secondly,theestablishmentofamorestreamlinedsystem
Improvingqualityandreducingquantityhavebecomeacommontrendinmilitaryconstructioninallcountriesintheworldtoday.AccordingtostatisticsfromtheLondonInstituteofInternationalStrategy,thetotalglobalmilitarystrengthin1985was27,946,600.In1999,itdroppedto21,875,900,adecreaseof6.0707million,or22%.Throughmeasuressuchasreducingthenumber,adjustingtheestablishmentsystem,andoptimizingtheserviceandarmsstructure,thesizeofthearmyhasbecomemoreleanandthecombateffectivenesshasgenerallyincreased.
Thethirdiscommandandcontrolautomation
Sincethe1960sand1970s,inordertomakecommandandcontrolreal-timeandefficient,theworld’smajormilitaryforceshavebeguntodevelopC3IThesystem(Command,Control,Communication,Intelligence)usestheinformationobtainedbytheintelligencesystemtocommandtroopsandcontrolweaponsandequipmentthroughthelifelineofcommunication.Afterthe1980s,withthewidespreaduseofcomputers,C3IwasaddedwithComputerandbecameC4I.Afterthe1990s,itwasfurtherdevelopedintotheC4ISRsystem,addingSurveillance(surveillance)andReconnaissance(reconnaissance).Atpresent,thissystemhasbeendevelopedintoC4KISR,adding"Kill"(kill).Thedevelopmentofcommandandcontrolautomationtotoday'slevelisduetothedevelopmentofDataLink.Itisthe"nervecenter"oftheentirecommandautomation.
Fourthisthemultidimensionalizationofcombatspace
Withthewidespreaduseofscienceandtechnologyinthemilitaryfield,thecombatfieldisgraduallychangingfromthetraditionalland,sea,Theemptythree-dimensionalspaceexpandstothefive-dimensionalspaceofland,sea,air,sky,andelectricity(magnetic).TheGulfWarandtheKosovoWarshowedthatwhoeverhastherighttocontrolinformationcancontroltheinitiativeinthehigh-techbattlefield.Thecontrolofinformationisinseparablefromthepowerofheaven.Accordingtostatistics,theUnitedStatesandothercountriesused33militarysatellitesintheGulfWar,morethan50militarysatellitesintheKosovoWar,andmorethan50militarysatellitesintheAfghanistanWar.
Fifth,CombatStyleNetworking
Networkedjointoperationswillbethemaincombatstyleintheinformationage,andtheUSmilitarycallsit"network-centricwarfare.".ThemainstreamviewoftheRussianmilitarybelievesthatfuturewarswillhavethenatureofthree-dimensional,air-groundintegration,combinedsea-land-airsimultaneousoperations,andprecisionstrikes.TheBritishArmyemphasizes"NetworkedCombatCapability"(NEC),thatis,toorganicallyconnectvariousweaponsandsensorplatformsinadigitalcommunicationnetwork,andmakefulluseofintelligence,surveillance,targetcaptureandreconnaissance(ISTAR)atalloperationallevels.)ability.The“networkedclusterwarfare”proposedbyourmilitaryisbasedoninformationtechnology.Thehighlydispersedanddiversifiedforcesformahighlymobilecombatnetworkinamulti-dimensionalspace.Throughflexibleandchangeable“gathering”and“scattering”,dynamicConcentratecombateffectivenessandimplementwide-areamobileoperationswithparallelattacks.
China’stransformation
Thesizeofthemilitarywillaccelerateitsminiaturization
Inthefutureinformationwarfare,themilitary’scombatcapabilitieswillbecomeexponentialWithgrowth,asmall-scale,highlyintegratedandintelligentarmycanaccomplishthestrategicmissionthatwasonlycompletedbyalargenumberoftroopsinthepast.Itisnolongernecessarytocontinuetohavealarge-scalearmyandalargenumberofcombattroops.
Therefore,thefuturemilitaryorganizationsystemwillhavetwobasicdevelopmenttrendsintermsofquantityandscale:
1,theoverallsizeofthemilitaryWillbegreatlyreduced.Withthecontinuousimprovementofthemilitary'sinformatizationandcombatcapabilities,reducingthesizeofthemilitarywillbeaninevitabletrend.Havingahugestandingarmywillbecomehistory;
2,theorganizationalscaleofcombattroopswillbemorecompactanddexterous.Inthefuture,theorganizationofarmyanddivisionsmayeventuallydieout,brigade,battalionorlower-leveltacticalunitswillbecomethemaincombatorganization,andtheremaybesmallcombatgroupsorganizedaccordingtocombatfunctionsorcapableofbeingbothonlandandatthesametime.Anintegratedsmallconsortiumformulti-dimensionalspaceoperationssuchasseaandair.
Theorganizationofthemilitarywillbehighlyintegrated
Theintegrationofthemilitaryorganizationinthefuturewillbemainlymanifestedinbreakingthetraditionalland,sea,andairInaccordancewiththesystemintegrationpointofview,themilitarysystemssuchas,Tianandotherserviceshaveestablished"super-joint"integratedcombatforces.Inthefuture,informatizedwarfareisahighlyintegratedoperation.Theuseoftraditionalmilitaryforcestoconductjointoperationshasbeendifficulttomeettheneedsofsuchhighlyintegratedoperations.
Militarycommandandcombatmeanswillbehighlyintelligent
Inthefutureinformationwarfare,theintelligenceofmilitarycommandandcombatmeanswillbemainlyshowninthefollowingTwoaspects:
1,Commandandcontrolmeansarehighlyautomatedandintelligent;
2,alotofintelligenceTheweaponsystemandplatformwillequipthearmyandputitintocombat.
ThisisamilitaryrevolutionthathasbroughtmajorchallengesandopportunitiestotheChinesemilitary.Chinashouldproceedfromitsnationalconditions,learnfromtheexperienceoftheworld’snewmilitaryreforms,seizetheimportantstrategicopportunityperiodinthefirsttwodecadesofthiscentury,andstrivetocompletemechanizationandinformatizationonthebasisofthecountry’seconomicdevelopmentandscientificandtechnologicalprogress.ThedualhistoricaltaskofachievingtheleapfrogdevelopmentofthemodernizationoftheChinesemilitary.
Impactofchange
First,thenewmilitaryreformhasgreatlyimpactedthetraditionalconceptofwarfare,changedthefaceofmodernwarfare,andpromptedcountriestore-examinethesecurityenvironmentandstrategicstrategiesbasedonobjectiveEnvironmentalandsubjectiveneedsactivelymakestrategicadjustments.Sincethe1990s,theUnitedStateshasmadethreemilitarystrategicadjustmentsinordertomaintainitshegemony:In1992,theBushadministrationfirstproposedthe"regionaldefense"strategy;in1995,theClintonadministrationformulatedthe"flexiblechoiceandparticipation"strategy;In1997,thestrategyof"shaping,respondingandpreparing"wasputforward.Nottobeleftbehind,Russia,Britain,France,Germany,Japanandothercountrieshavemadestrategicadjustmentsinordertoseekafavorablepositionontheinternationalstageandactivelyfollowthetrendoftheworld'snewmilitaryreformanddevelopment.Somedevelopingcountrieshavealsomadenecessarystrategicadjustmentsbasedontheconsiderationofsafeguardingtheirownsecurity.Itisforeseeablethatwiththein-depthdevelopmentofthenewmilitaryrevolution,allcountrieswillmakenewstrategicadjustmentsandpromotethenewintegrationoftheinternationalstrategiclandscape.
Second,thenewmilitaryreformmayaggravatetheimbalanceinthebalanceofstrategicforces,makingtheexistinggapbetweencountriesnotonlydifficulttonarrow,butmayexpand.Itmayinduceanewroundofarmsrace,andevenleadtoanewandlarger"eragap"inthemilitarysystemsofdevelopedanddevelopingcountries,especiallyweaponsandequipment,therebyposingnewthreatstoworldpeace,developmentandsecurity.
Thethirdisthatthenewmilitaryreformnotonlysignificantlyincreasesthestatusandroleofmilitarymeans,butalsostimulatestheriseofneo-interventionismandbringsnewthreatstoworldpeaceandregionalsecurity.Thenewmilitaryreformprovideslow-risk,high-performance,anddiversifiedpossibleoptionsforusingmilitarymeanstoachievepoliticalgoals.Forexample,amissilecarries228precision-guidedanti-tankbullets,anditsabilitytoattackenemytanksisequivalenttothatofa1,000-tonnuclearbomb.Atpresent,hightechnologyhassignificantlyenhancedthecontrollabilityofwarfareandhasfurtherexpandedtheuseofmilitarymeans.Accordingtostatistics,thenumberoflocalwarsandarmedconflictsthatoccurredduringtheColdWarwas4timesayear,whiletheaveragenumberoflocalwarsandarmedconflictsaftertheColdWarwas10timesayear.WesterndevelopedcountriesheadedbytheUnitedStatesbelievethathavingabsolutemilitarysuperiorityisaprerequisitefordealingwithinternationalcrises.Since1990,theUnitedStateshassenttroopstoforeigncountries60times,accountingformorethanhalfofthetotalnumberoftroopssenttoforeigncountriesafterWorldWarII.
Fourth,thedifficultyofstrategicchoicesfordevelopingcountrieshasfurtherincreased.Thenewmilitaryreformsalsohaveacertainroleinpromotingthenationaldefenseconstructionofdevelopingcountries.Forexample,itcanabsorbandusetheachievementsofworldmilitaryscienceandtechnologytopromotethedevelopmentofnationaldefensescienceandtechnology;itcanlearnfromtheexperienceofmilitaryreformsindevelopedcountriestoavoiddetoursinitsownmilitaryreforms.However,thestrongmomentumofworldmilitarydevelopmentisadouble-edgedsword,anddevelopingcountriesfaceadilemmaintheirstrategicchoices:iftheydonotfollowthetrendoftheworld.Activelypromotethecountry’smilitaryreformandvigorouslyimproveitsnationaldefensecapabilities.Thegapwiththemilitaryofdevelopedcountrieswillbecomelargerandlarger,andnationalsecuritywillnotbeguaranteed;ifthemainforceisusedformilitarydevelopment,itwillaffectthecountry’seconomicconstruction.Fundamentallyweakenthecountry'scomprehensivecompetitiveness.Facingthechallengesofthenewmilitaryrevolutionintheworld,wheredevelopingcountriesshouldgoandhowtomakedecisionsisaveryimportantandverycomplexstrategicproblem.
Theoreticalconcepts
1.AsymmetricWarfare(Russia);
2.NetworkCentricWarfare(U.S.);
3,RapidDominance(U.S.);
4,Effects-BasedOperations(U.S.);
5,ParallelWarfare(UnitedStates);
6,LittoralWarfare(UnitedStates);
7,NetworkedSwarmingWarfare(Chinese);
8,FullSpectrumDominance(UnitedStates);
9,RapidDecisiveOperations(UnitedStates).