History
Chinese characters are passed on Japan's history, at least downg to the first century BC (after the second half of the Middle age). The archaeologist discovered the diameter of 7.4 cm in the Western Han Dynasty at the time of the tombs, and the inscription "I didn't meet each other, and I didn't see it." At the same time, I also found that Wang Hao Xinzheng was introduced. " The goods "," freedom ", etc. are engraved with Chinese characters. At that time, Japan did not have its own text. "Skull" records the "no text", only the wood knot. "Yu Baiji seeks the Buddhist scriptures, there is a text." The history of the Japanese is also confirmed this View. Chinese characters are officially introduced to Japan with the Buddhist Korean peninsula. Although the specific incoming age is now not available, historian generally believes that Chinese will flow into Japan in the past five centuries.
The 19th year of the god (404) was sent to the prince of the prince.
should be 16 years (AD 405), and he sent a scholar Wang Ren to Japan and became a master of Prince. This shows that the upper layer of society has focused on Chinese characters and Chinese.
Chinese characters in the 5th century, with some Buddhist monks bring China's scriptures to Japan and is incorporated. The Chinese characters of these scripts were first imitating the pronunciation of Chinese monks to read, but a writing system called "Chinese" began to develop. Chinese is mainly a Chinese article inserting Japanese unique help, allowing Japanese users to read Chinese characters in Japanese grammar.
Later, a set of visual systems derived from "Waiye", called the fallen gathering name, the Waiye Holidayist used a set of designated Chinese characters, purely borrowed their pronunciation Japanese poetry. The false fake name written by the crest is later evolved into a holiday name today. Women who are not allowed to be allowed to be allowed to use this set of fake names. Most women's literature in the peace era is written in a flat and fake name. The fake name is also developed in the same way: students in the temple split the Chinese characters out of the fake name, used to mark the pronunciation of the Chinese characters, and Japanese speech in Chinese.
As Japanese writing system matures and develops, now Chinese characters are used in most nouns, adjectives and verbs, and the pacific name is used to write verb words (send fake name), pure Japanese vocabulary, or express Written vocabulary for Chinese characters. Ping fake name is also used to mark the pronunciation of Japanese Chinese characters (假), and writing to the Chinese characters of the Chinese characters, such as children, Japanese learners' books.
The fake name is due to its square structure, used in image sound words and foreign language. The passenger is used to write the habit of writing a foreign language. The foreign language is originally written in Chinese characters, such as "Tobacco" represents "Tabako".
pronunciation
Most Japanese Chinese characters will generally have two readings, a "sound reading" (sound reading / お よみ よみ), another is called "training" ( Training / く よみ よみ). "Sound reading" mimics the pronunciation of Chinese characters, pronounced in accordance with this Chinese word from China to Japan. "Training" is a reading of reading this Chinese character in accordance with Japanese language.
Sound reading
Refers to the pronunciation from the Chinese characters, which is approximated with Chinese Chinese characters. Can also be subdivided into Wu Yin, Han Yin, Tang Yin 3. In the 5th to 6th century, the Chinese characters were passed from Wu local in China to Japan. At this time, it was introduced to Japan to the Chinese characters of Japanese pronunciation, called "Wu Yin". In addition, in the Nara Age to Ping An Era, Japanese scholars who sent to Datang Changan, brought Chinese characters back to Japan, and the Chinese characters of this way are called "Han Yin"; plus the Buddhism and its associated books The Chinese character pronunciation in Japan is known as "Tang Yin".
Training
is a Chinese character reading with Chinese pronunciation, is to indicate the original Japanese words, plus contact, can be said to solve the original Japanese vocabulary There is a sound-speaking phenomenon.
Japanese vocabulary also has sound, training two readings, and disagree. For example, "Name" (false name), the sound is "メ メ メ", meaning is the fake name. If you read the reading as "ナ ナ" (kana), refers to the general name for writing the Japanese text.
In order to represent the pronunciation of Chinese characters, you can add a false name next to the Chinese characters while writing Japanese, indicating the reading of Chinese characters. This approximation of Chinese phonetic or pinyin is called "reading fake name" (読み が な, yomigana) or "ふ が 名,, freigana), common in children's books, Japanese learners books, or used to express No common use of Chinese characters or Japanese names.
Write method
The writing of Japanese Chinese characters is the same as Chinese characters, but there are also different Chinese characters, and more attention is written when writing. Especially the simplified Chinese characters in Japanese. For example, "angle" "Ze" in Japanese. "Day" is the last horizontal length in Japanese, the next transverse, and so on.
and Chinese characters
Japanese Chinese characters are directly borrowed from Chinese characters, but there are more than 100 Chinese characters to use Chinese Chinese characters six books, these Chinese characters are in Japan. For "national characters" or "and Chinese characters".
National training
The meaning of Japanese Chinese characters and the explanation of the original Chinese Chinese characters. These Chinese characters are called "national training":
rushing (⿰ 氵) oki (on the shore, take the "water") Note: With Chinese There is a difference in the "rush" way.
tsubaki (tree variety)
New Old font
some Chinese characters have "old font" and "new Fonts, traditional Chinese characters and simplified characters:
new font: country, old font: (⿴ ⿴ or), audio: Kuni
new font: number, Old font: (⿰ ⿰), Sound reading: gō
new font: 変, old font: (⿱ 䜌攵), Sound reading: HEN, KA (WARU)
Old fonts were used before the Second World War, and in 1946, the old font was introduced from the Ministry of Part.
Japan's new font is basically by removing the strokes, but there is also an exception to increase the Chinese characters of the stroke. Common,
new font: 歩, old font: step, audio reading: ho, bo, bo
new font: guest, old font: (⿳ 宀 ⿳ 𣥂 𣥂 ) Eight), sound reading: hin
non-decreased, but also increased. The above two words contain "less" words "𣥂 (Unicode code: U + 23942)", the new font is simply written as "less", eliminating a non-common side.
Some new fonts have become a neighborn word or homophone replacement (according to: herein referring to Japanese, not thinking in Chinese), such as
new font: owe, Old font: lack, audio reading: ketsu (Chinese [lack] [owed] different words.)
new font: 缶, old font: can, audio reading: kan (Chinese [缶] [can] Different words.)
New font: dead, old font: (⿸ ⿸ 死), Six: shi (Chinese [corpse] [dead] different words. [Bodies] new font writing [dead].
New Font: Department, Old Font: 篰, Word Training: 篰 House Heya → Section HEYA
Some new fonts even replaced with a unrelated word. Such as
new font:, old font: (⿳ 艹 执 云), Sound reading: gē ("" sound is UN, training "る" originally read Kusagi Ru, and " "Synonyms", "KUSA" and "Ki Ru" (Ki Ru) synthetic words, weeding meaning. These two readings in the new shape are abolished.)
Daily Chinese characters
The Japanese government has conducted a text reform in 1946, which specifies 1850 "use Chinese characters." When using "current use" or "should use". These 1850 Chinese characters are no longer used, changed to a false name, or use the same sound, synonymous. So the following conditions (zibura marked with a changed word):
wreck → residual
attached near → pay near dead → water dead
due to society It is generally believed that "when using Chinese characters" is too big for social impact, so the Japanese government has issued 1945 "common Chinese characters" on October 1, 1981, and a small number of Chinese characters. And "Handan" is subject to (i.e., the general standard of using Chinese characters in general social life, no longer have a strong force).
Japan's text is simplified, and it is actually a plan to take the man's movement, and even a text pinyinization. This is the same as Korean Chinese characters.
2010 Japanese cabinet has announced a new common Chinese character table, and 2136 Chinese characters were collected.
Education Chinese characters
appears in " Primary School learning guidance to lead" appendix, commonly known as " educational Chinese characters ". After 1968, in 1977 and 1989, there is now 1006 words, from a small one to small six, allocated 80 words, 160 words, 200 words, 200 words, 185 words and 181 words.