The development of the automotive industry
germination period
It was previously a germination period of the Japanese automotive industry. During this period, the Japanese began to make a car, and the government also realized the importance of the automotive industry and issued a policy to support. In 1936, the automotive manufacturing industry was officially implemented in Japan, and the prelude to Japan's truly domestic production was driven away. Before World War II, the Japanese automotive industry also stepped by Europe and the United States and the models were mostly imitation. In 1914, Mitsubishi Heavy Industry has created 22 MODAL A cars, which is the first mass production model in Japan. The appearance of Model A draws on Fiat A3-3.
Basic Period
The 20 years after World War II (mid-1945 to the mid-1960s) is the basis stage of the Japanese modern automotive industry. The Japanese economy has experienced a high-speed development stage in 1955 after the destruction of World War II and the 10-year recovery. The automotive industry has also laid a solid foundation for this period. The proportion of official bus has dropped slightly, and the taxi has accelerated development, and private vehicles began to start. With the strong recovery of the economy, Japan's civilian car market gradually opened. From the 1950s to the early 1960s, Japan has a "tricycle" whirlwind. In 1953, Japan jumped into the fifth largest producer of the global motorcycle.
Development period
The mid-1960s by the 1970s, the Japanese automotive industry has developed rapidly. In 1960, Japanese auto annual output was only 160,000, which is much lower than the output of major auto producers in the United States and Western Europe. However, only 7 years, Japanese car annual production is miraculous to 3 million, and in 1967, it has become the second largest car production country in 1967, and domestic automobile sales exceeds millions. At the same time in the world's low-end market, the Japanese car did not ignore the high-end market. In the late 1960s, Mazda has developed a mature rotor engine, thus opening up a world for the Japanese car in the racing field, 1991 Herm 24 hours Rally The championship is also the only championship that the Japanese car has made in the event this year. This car is equipped with the R26B rotor engine of the horse. In 1970, Japan's domestic car sales reached 2.38 million, and thousands of people had an average amount of 170. It has increased nearly 60 times from 1950. During this time, ordinary workers have become the mainstream buyers of the car, and the car is no longer a symbol of social status and has become a stepwise tool. In the 1960s, Japanese car companies have completed the thorough monopoly of local locations, and in an orderly manner, the oil crisis that broke out in the 1970s, thoroughly helping the Japanese car to open overseas markets.
The auto industry under the oil crisis
The oil crisis in the 1970s was hit by European and American car owners, but the Japanese car companies that made the small displacement car benefited from the Japanese car. After being pushed into the stage of the world, after the oil crisis, some families in the United States were difficult to bear high oil fees, chose Japanese car instead of large displacement and US car, and after the European focused on energy saving and emission reduction, Japanese cars further arrested With the European market, it is a giant of the world's auto industry. In 1976, Japanese car exports reached 2.5 million, the first time exceeded domestic sales. After the 1970s, although the Japanese economy is mature, the economic growth rate has declined, but the automotive industry continues to maintain a high growth rate of nearly 15%. The "golden period" in the Japanese automotive industry has basically laststed until the mid-20-1 years. Since then, the growth rate of the Japanese auto market has begun to slow down, but exports are still strong, driving the continuous development of the automotive industry.
Japan's automotive industry starts approximately 30 years later than Europe and the United States. After the Second World War, after the recovery and reconstruction of the 1950s, the 1960s achieved rapid development. In 1954, the first Tokyo International Auto Show came into being, it attracted 550,000 viewers and causing a sensation at the time. In this period, the car production increased by 27%, of which the car increased by about 34%. In the 1970s, Japanese cars entered the international market with low prices, oil, reliability, and market adaptation. In 1980, the output exceeded 10 million marks in the first time, and became the world's largest auto producer. In the 1980s, it was the period of the daily car to complete overseas layout. In 1983, the Northern American construction plant. In 1984, Feng Tian was building a factory in North America; Mitsubishi and Chrysler cooperated; Mazda and Ford handed hands; Suzuki and Gongbai in Canada; Fuji and 50 bell. In 1990, Japanese auto output reached 1 3.5 million, to the peak of historical. Japan has finally become the world's third automotive industry development center after the United States and Europe. Japanese car exports lead to the daily-US car trade friction, plus the appreciation of the yen, until 1994, the car production is behind the United States, retreats to the second.
After the foam, the merger recombination
Since the end of the 1990s, the economic bubble has been punctured, and the Japanese automotive industry has made great mergers and reorganizations, and increased technology innovation. In the Japanese automotive industry, only Toyota Motors and Honda Motors have maintained the "Japanese Capital" blood, other companies have joined the ranks of Western large multinational companies. By October 2001, the equity relationship between Japan's 11 automobile production enterprises is: Toyota is powered by 51.2% of shareholders, and holds a 50.1% shares holding Yushan. Ford Motors holds Mazda with 33.4%. Daimler Chrysler (see Mercedes-Benz Motor Company, Chrysler Motor Company) with 34% of share holding Mitsubishi Mishi. Renault Motors, Renault Motors holding Nissan (see Renault - Nissan Motor Company) at 36.8%, with 22.5% shares holding the Japanese products. US General Motors controlled Suzuki with 49% of the shares, controlling 50% of the $ 20%, and controls Fuji Heavy Industry Motors with 21%. Most of these changes occur in 1998 to 2001.
2005, Dai-gram company sold all the shares held by Mitsubishi; Renault sold all the shares held by the Japanese firewood, and sold all 20% of the company held by Fuji. In 2006, 2008 General Sales Selling Suzuki Shares, currently holds 3.02% of Suzuki; 2006, finally, 7.9% of the 50 million US dollars were sold in 2006. In 2006, Volvo purchased 13% of the stocks from Nissan, in 2007, Volvo acquired the entire equity of Nissan. In 2008, the Ford was reduced to Mazda equity to 13.4%.
At this time, the Japanese car started to establish three features: paying attention to environmental protection, emphasizing security, segmenting the user market, and striving to expand business in other parts of the world.
The achievements of the automotive industry
Japanese car products are mainly a passenger car. In 2013, the number of passenger cars was 45.622 million, and the commercial vehicle output was 813,200, and the large and medium-sized passenger cars was 0.9 million. In 2013, Toyota won the global sales champion throne in 2013. Since the 1990s, Japanese auto companies have vigorously promote the internationalization strategy, set up a factory in North America, Europe and other regions. Taking Asia as an example, the Japanese car has 80% of the Southeast Asia. Through the promise of providing technology, promoting local economic development, exchange policy discount, Japanese car expanded in Asia, and growth rates per year in the peak period are more than 30%. Lexus, Infiniti, Song, the high-end car of the Japanese third giants, now you can completely with traditional giants. Therefore, with the increase in overseas car production in Japan, it makes up for the loss of domestic production declines.
Japan is very cautious to develop large displacement models because of small and economic and energy, and the overall characteristics of Japanese cars are paying attention to economic practical, more pursuit of good cost performance, saving resources and reducing oil consumption. The philosophy of the car makes the Japanese car first in Europe and the United States, becoming an energy saving and consumption.