Originalwork
DuanTaiweiYiincident
WhentheTaiweibecamethegovernorofJingzhou1,ThekingofFenyangwasJupu2asdeputymarshal.WangZixiistheShangshu3,theleaderofthebattalionJiedu4,thearmyYuzhou5,thesoldiersandtherogue6.TheBianpeoplestealtheviolentandevilones,andtheyfleetothemilitaryranks7.TheJapanesegroupwastakenfromthecity,not8,andtheyfoughthardtobreakthehandsandfeet,andthespinecauldronwasontheroad9,andthearmswentslowlyuntiltheyhitandkilled.Pregnantwoman.WhenBaiNingJiedumadeBaiXiaodetheking'slegacy10,Qididnotdaretosay.
TheTaiweiZhuangbaiMansionfromthestateon11,iswillingtoplanthings.Sothenhesaid:"Theemperorpaystheaxiombythestranger12.Thepublicseesthepeoplebeingviolent,becauseofTianran.Andthechaos,whatif?"Xiaodesaid:"Iwouldliketoteach."Taiweisaid:"AcertainisJingzhou,itisverysuitable,andtherearefewthings;todayIcan'tbeartodieviolentlywithoutinvaders,andchaostheaffairsoftheemperor.Sincerely,Icanwaitforsomeonetoorder13.Makethepublicnotharm."Xiaodesaid:"Fortunately!"SuchastheTaiweiplease.
InJanuary,17sergeantsXicametothemarkettofetchwine,andtheystabbedthewinewiththeirblades,brokenthebrewingvessel,andthewineflowingintheditch.SeventeenpeopleweretakenbytheTaiweilieutenant,allofthemweredecapitatedandplacedoutsidethegateofthecity.XiYiyingisverynoisy,andit'snobetter.Xiaodewasterrified,andsummonedTaiweiandsaid:"Whatwillyoudo?"Taiweisaid:"Noinjury!Pleaseresignfromthearmy."XiaodeordereddozensofpeopletoresignfromTaiweiandTaiwei.Untiethesword,choosetheoldmantoholdthehorse14andgotoXimen.Thefirstpersoncameout,andtheTaiweismiledandsaid:"Killanoldpawn,whatkindofperson?Iwillwearmyhead!"Thefirstpersonisstunned.Becausetheencyclicalsaid:"IfShangshuissolid,ifitbelongstoYe?Ifthedeputymarshalissolid,ifitbelongstoYe?HowdoyouwanttodefeattheGuoclanbychaos?ForBaiShangshu,comeoutandlistentome."
.Taiweisaid:"Thedeputymarshalisconqueringtheworldandalwayshastheduty.TodayShangshuisviolent,violentandchaotic,andchaotic,whowantstoblame?Sinisworthyofthedeputymarshal.Today,theevilsonsoftheXiepeoplearefamousfortheirmilitarystatus.Whenkillingpeople,ifthereismorethanone,howmanydayswilltherebenochaos?ThechaoscomesfromShangShu.EveryonesaysthatShangShureliesonthedeputymarshal,andhedoesnotfightthewarrior15.ButhowdoestheGuofamilyfameandthesurvivor?"Beforethewordswereover,Xisaidagain:"ThepublicisfortunatetoteachXitoteachXitoDao,andIamwillingtoservethearmytofollow."GuChileftandrightsaid:"Allaredisbandedandreturnedtothefire,andthosewhodaretorushtodie!"TaiWeisaid:"Ihaven'teaten,pleaseassumethatthegrassis16."Aftereating,hesaid:"IamsickandIamwillingtostayovernight."Thehorsebearerisorderedtogo,andthedaywillcome.Thenlyinginthearmy.Hecouldn'tgetridofhisclothes,andwaitedforthepawntoattackTaiweiTuawei17.Once,alltothefilialpietyoffice,thankyouno,pleasecorrectit.ThereisnoharminWenzhou.
First,TaiweiwasanofficerofYingtianinJingzhou18.JinggeneralJiaoLingchentookpeople'sfields,occupieddozensofhectares,andgavethemtofarmers,saying:"Ifyouaremature,itbelongstomeandahalf."Chensaid:"Ionlyknowhowtoenter,butIdon'tknowaboutdrought."Whenthesupervisionisurgent,thefarmerdiedofstarvationwithoutcompensation,andhewouldreporttoTaiwei.
Theemperor'ssentencewasveryXun,19,whichmadepeopleaskforenlightenment.Chenwasfurious,andthefarmercalled:"I'mafraidofDuanMouye?Howdareyousayme!"Judgingtheshop'sback,hittingtwentywithabigrod,dying,Yucametothecourt.TheTaiweisobbedandsaid:"It'smewhosleepsyou!"Hetookthewatertowashawaytheblood,crackedclothesandsores,injectedgoodmedicinesonhishands,fedthefarmerseveryday,andthenfed.Takehorsebackridesandsellthem,andShigupaysyouback,soyoudon’tknow.
YinShaorong,amilitarycommanderinHuaixi,was20,astraightforwardscholar.UponseeingChen,hecursed:"Ruchengpeople?YeRuzheinJingzhou21,peoplediefromstarvation;buttheymustwinthevalley,anduseagreatsticktostriketheinnocent.DuanGong,RenxinAdultsaretoo,butyoudon’tknowhowtorespect.Theonlyhorseinthissectionistosellthemarkettoyouatalowprice,andyouarenotashamed.Anyonewhoisproudofnaturaldisasters,commitsanadult,andstrikesinnocentpeople,andtakesthevalleyofthebenevolent,sothatthemasterwillhavenohorses,Whydoyoulookattheworld,youarenotashamedofaslave!"AlthoughChenresistedviolently,hewasashamedtosweatandcouldn'teatwhenheheardthat.
AndtheTaiweiexpropriated22fromJingzhoutoSinong,quithistribe:"OverQi23,ZhuMingxinggavemoneyto24,becarefulnottotake.Taiwei'sson-in-lawWeiMeiinsistedonresisting,andwasfatal.Attheendoftheday,theTaiweisaidangrily:"Youdon'tneedmywords!"Hesaid:"Youcan'trefusetobecheap."Onthebeamofhabitation.Intheend,theTaiweifinallytoldtheofficialstotellhim,andhetookalook,andthereasonwastosealtheknowledgeandsave25.
TheTaiwei'sanecdoteislikeright26.On27onthedayofthe9thyearofYuanhe,YongzhouSimamemberLiuZongyuan,anexternalcoordinatormember,wenttotheHistoryMuseum28.
Today,thosewhoarecalledTaiweiDajiecomeandgo,thinkingthatthemartialartistisnotthinkingaboutdeathforawhile,soheisnamedtheworld,andIdon’tknowhowtheTaiweistands.ZongYuantastedthe30ofenteringQiZhouandXianxuan,passedthetruesettingof31,andwentnorthtoMaling32.Litingthebarriers,hewantedtoasktheold.Retiredfromschool33,hecanspeakforhimself.Taiweiisagrandmother34,heoftenwalkswithhisheadbowed,hiswordsarelowly,andhedoesn'ttasteanythinglikesex35;peopleseeit,soareConfucianists.Ifitisimpossible,itwillreachitsambition,anditisbynomeansaccidental.HuizhouAssassinCuiGongcame,hiswordsanddeedswerestraightforward,andhepreparedTaiwei'slegacy.Thereisnodoubtthattheschoolwillberestored,orhemaystillfallinlove.IftheTaishiclanisnotcollected,hedaredtopleadprivatelywiththedeacon.36.Sincerely.
Annotationtranslation
Annotationofwordsandsentences
Taiwei:referstoDuanTaiwei(719-783),thenameisXiushi,thewordisperfectmale.TangLiyang(nowQianyangCounty,ShaanxiProvince)wasborn.OfficialtothegovernorofJingzhouandtheofficialofZhengyingJieduofJingyuan.InthefourthyearofTangDezong'sfoundingofmiddleschool(783),thesoldiersofJingyuanMutinyinBeijing,Dezongrushedoutinahurry,andtherebelssupportedtheformerLulongJieduenvoyZhuMingasemperor.DuringtheperiodwhentheTaiweiwasinthecourt,herebukedhimwithamadman,andusedthedenominationofZhuYefromthecourttogivehimthedenomination.HewaskilledandrewardedtheTaiwei(seetheBiographyoftheTwoTangBooks).ZhuangZhuangisastyleusedtorememberthedeceased'slineage,name,nobility,xingzhi,andyearoflife.Anecdoteisavariantofanecdotalrecordsofcharacters'anecdotes.InthesecondyearofZongGuangdeintheTangDynasty(764),duetotherecommendationofBaiXiaode,theJieduenvoyofYuning,DuanXiushiservedasthegovernorofJingzhou(inthenorthofJingchuanCounty,GansuProvince).Here,DuanXiushiiscalledbytheofficialnamegivenafterhisdeathtoshowrespect.
TheKingofFenyang:GuoZiyi.GuoZiyiwasabletoquelltheAnshiRebellionandbecamethekingofFenyanginthefirstyearofBaoyingofSuzongoftheTangDynasty(762).OnthefirstmonthofthesecondyearofZongguangdeoftheTangDynasty(764),GuoZiyiservedastheambassadorofShanyuZhenbeiDaduhu,ShuofangJiedu,HezhongJieduObservationEnvoy,HezhongYin,asSitu(SanGong)andZhongShuling(PrimeMinister).DeputyMarshalofGuanneiHedong,outoftownHezhong.Pu:Thenameoftheprefecture,TangisHezhongMansion(GovernmentisinYongjiCounty,ShanxiProvince).
"WangZixi"sentence:GuoXi,thethirdsonofGuoZiyi,KingofFenyang,followedhisfathertoconquerthebattleandrepeatedlymademilitaryexploits.InthesecondyearofGuangde(764),Tuboinvadedtheborder,GuoXiwasorderedtoleadtheShuoFangarmytosupportYuzhou.Atthattime,YuShiZhongcheng,joinedforceswithMaLin,madeabigbreakinTubo,andaddedtheYuShidoctorwithmilitaryexploits.HewasalsoappointedasShuoFangXingyingJiedushi.HepassedawayinthefirstyearofDezongzhengintheTangDynasty."ZizhiTongjian"HuSanxing'sNote:"Accordingtothe"Records",ShiXiguanisZuoChangshi,ZongYuanyunShangshu,MiYe."
Leader:part-time.Jiedushi:Mainlyinchargeofthemilitary.ItwassetduringtheKaiyuanperiodoftheTangDynasty(713-741),originallyintendedtoincreasethepowerofthepolice.AftertheAnshichaos,itbecamemoreandmoreabused.
Combinetroops:stationtroopsoutsideyourjurisdiction.Bīn(bīn)prefecture:ReferstotheBīnCountyinpresent-dayShaanxiProvince.
Rogue:Thismeansviolentviolence.
Goods:property,herereferstobribery.
嗛(qiè):through"慊",satisfied,happy.
Cauldron:pot.鬲(lì):Acookingdevicelikeatripod.Urn(wèng):Potteryforholdingwine.Ang(àng):Acontainerwithabigbellyandasmallmouth.
BaiXiaode:AnativeofAnxi(wherehisruleisinpresent-dayKuqaCounty,Xinjiang),ageneralofLiGuangbi,hewasappointedasanenvoytoJieduinthesecondyearofGuangde(764).
Comment:Adocumentthatstatesfacts.Bai:Bingjiao.
Shengren:Shengmin,commonpeople.Li:Governance.TheTangDynastychangedtoavoidLiShiminandLiZhitaboo.
DuYuhou:alawenforcementofficerinthearmy.
Bì:lame.Sufferers:Peoplewithinflexiblelegsandfeet.
戢(jí):control.Nowarrior:Nomatterthesoldierwhoisbeamed.
晡(bū)food:dinner.So,whenyouapply,from3to5intheafternoon.Assumption:Borrow.Grasstools:poorfood.
Tuò(tuò):Theclapperusedfornightpatrolsinancienttimes.
"Taiwei"sentence:WhenBaiXiaodefirstservedastheenvoyofYuningJiedu,hesetupthedeputyenvoyofYingtianwithDuanXiushi.IntheTangsystem,thearmyofmorethan10,000peoplesetupadeputyenvoytothecamp,andhewasinchargeofthearmy.
Xun(xùn):Tongis"unsophisticated",euphemistic,andcourteous.
Huaixi:XuchangandXinyang,HenanProvincetoday.
WildRuzhe(zhě):Describesthatthelandisbareandthereisnograss.Ochre:Auburn.
"AndTaiwei"sentence:InFebruaryofthefirstyearofthefoundingofTangDezong(780),DuanXiushiwassummonedastheSecretaryofAgriculturefromtheJieduEnvoyofJingyuan.Sinongqing,thechiefofficerofSinongTemple,isinchargeofthestate'sgrainstorageanduse.
Qi:Thenameofthestate,anditsgoverningplaceisinthesouthofFengxiangCounty,ShaanxiProvince.
ZhuYe(cǐ):anativeofChangping(nowChangpingCounty,Beijing).ItwasFengxiangMansionYin.Currency:goodsandcoins.
Knowledge(zhì):mark.
"Taiwei"sentence:Thisistheendofthetext.
Yuanhe9thyear:814AD.YuanheisthenameofLiChunnianofTangXianzong(806-820).
"Yongzhou"sentence:Atthattime,LiuZongyuanwasappointedtoSimaofYongzhou(currentlylocatedinLinglingCounty,Hunan).Thisisthefullnameofhisofficialposition.HistoryMuseum:NationalHistoryResearchOrganization.
Access:probably,nothingmorethan.
"Zongyuan"sentence:LiuZongyuantraveledtheareaaroundHanzhouinthetenthyearofZhenyuan(794).Zhou:AtthefootofQishan,intheareaofXixianCounty,ShaanxiProvincetoday.斄(tái):Sameas"Tai",inthewestofWugongCounty,ShaanxiProvincetoday.
Zhenzhen:Untestable,or"Zhenning"error.ZhenningisnowZhengningCounty,GansuProvince.
MaLing:Thenameofthemountain,inthenorthwestofQingyangCounty,GansuProvincetoday.
School:middleandlowerrankofficers.
姁(xǔ)姁:akindlook.
Color:facecolor.Object:Thisreferstopeople.
Deacon:Evenfromtheleftandrightpeople,herereferstothehistorianHanYu.
VernacularTranslation
WhenDuanTaiweifirstservedasthegovernorofJingzhou,FenyangWangGuoZiyiwasstationedinPuzhouasthedeputymarshal.GuoXi,thesonoftheKingofFenyang,servedastheessayistandalsoservedastheambassadortothecamp.Thosewhoareusedtostealing,cunning,greedy,andviolentamongthepeopleofYezhouhaveusedbriberytomakethemselvesthenameofthearmy,andtheyactedarbitrarily,andtheofficialscouldnotinterfere.Everyday,theygangeduponthestreetmarkettoforcetheirbelongings.Whentheyweredissatisfied,theyviolentlyinterruptedthehandsandfeetofothers,smashedallkindsofpotteryalloverthestreetwithsticks,andthenwalkedawaywiththeirbarearms.Hitapregnantwomantodeath.FanNingJiedumadeBaiXiaodefeelsadbecauseofKingFenyang,buthedidnotdaretosayclearly.
TaiweiDuanusedadocumentfromJingzhoutoreporttheJiedushiMansionandexpressedhiswillingnesstodiscussthematter.WhenhearrivedatBaiXiaode'smansion,hesaid:"Theemperorhandedoverthepeopletoyou.Youseethatthepeoplehavebeenbrutallyhurt,butyouareindifferent.Agreatchaosisabouttohappen,whatdoyoudo?"BaiXiaodesaid,"Iwouldliketolistentoyouradvice."DuanTaiweisaid:"IamthegovernorofJingzhou.Iamveryidleandhavelittlebusiness.NowIcan'tbeartohavethepeoplekilledwithoutforeignenemies,causingtheemperor'sborderdefensestobedisrupted.Ifyouappointmeasacity,Icandoitforyou.Stoptheriotssothatyourpeoplewillnolongerbeharmed."BaiXiaodesaid:"Great!"HeobeyedDuanTaiwei'srequest.
OnemonthafterDuanTaiwei’sdeputyDuanYuwaitedforhispost,seventeenofGuoXi’ssubordinateswentintothemarkettogetwine,andtheystabbedthecraftsmanwithweapons,smashedthewinevessel,andcausedthewinetoflowintotheriver.DuanTaiweiarrangedforsoldierstocapturetheseventeenpeople,allbeheaded,hungtheirheadsonspears,anderectedthemoutsidethecitygate.GuoXi'sentirearmycampwasinacommotion,andoneafteranotherputonarmor.BaiXiaodepanicked,andcalledDuanTaiweitoask,whatshouldIdo?"DuanTaiweisaid:"Itdoesn'tmatter!"LetmegototheGuoXiarmycamptoreason."BaiXiaodesentdozensofsoldierstofollowtheTaiwei,andtheTaiweiresigned.Hetookoffhissaber,pickedanoldandlamesoldiertoleadthehorse,andcametoGuoXi'sgate.Theheavilyarmedsoldierscameout,Duan.Taiweismiledandwalkedintothecampgateandsaid,"Whydoyouhavetobefullyarmedtokillanveteran?I'mcomingundermyhead!"Thesoldierswereshocked.DuanTaiweitooktheopportunitytosay,"IsGuoShangshusorryforyou?"Isthedeputymarshalsorryforyou?WhyuseriotstoruinthereputationoftheGuofamily?TellGuoShangshuformeandaskhimtocomeoutandlistentome."
GuoXicameouttomeetwithTaiwei.DuanTaiweisaid:"Themeritsofthedeputymarshalarecrowdedbetweenheavenandearth,andshouldbespread.Nowthatyouindulgethesoldierstodoevil,thiswillcausechaosanddisturbthefrontiersoftheemperor.Whoshouldbeblamed?Sinwillaffectthedeputymarshal.NowthosebadguysinYuzhouusebriberytomakethemselvesknownasthearmyandkillthepeople.Ifthisisnotstopped,howmanydayswilltherebenochaos?Whenchaoshappensfromyou,peoplewillsaythatyouarerelyingonthepowerofthedeputymarshal,regardlessofyoursubordinates.SohowmuchwilltheGuofamily'sfameandfamebepreserved?"Withoutfinishingthewords,GuoXisaidagain:"Thankyouforenlighteningmewithgreatprinciples.Thekindnessisreallygreat.Iamwillingtoleadmymentoobeyyou.""Turningback,hereprimandedhissoldiersandsaid:"Allofthemunarmed,disbandedandreturnedtotheirownranks,nomatterwhodarestomaketrouble,killthem!DuanTaiweisaid:"Ihaven'teatendinneryet,pleasearrangesomesimplefoodforme.""Aftereating,hesaid:"Myproblemhashappenedagain,andIwanttostayovernightinyourcamp.""Orderedthehorsemantogobackandcomebackearlythenextmorning.Sohesleptinthecamp.GuoXididn'teventakeoffhisclothes,andorderedtheguardstobeattheclappertodefendDuanTaiwei.Earlythenextmorning,GuoXiandDuanTaiweicametogether.AtBaiXiaode,heapologizedthathewasreallyincompetentandaskedforpermissiontocorrecthismistakes.TherehasbeennotroubleinPizhou.
Priortothis,DuanTaiweiservedasdeputyenvoyofYingtianinJingzhou.GeneralJingzhouJiaoLingchenTheyplunderedotherpeople'sland,tookdozensofhectaresandleasedthemtofarmers,saying:"Whenthemilletmatures,halfofitbelongstome."Thisyeartherewasaseveredrought,andtherewasnograssgrowinginthefields.ThefarmersreportedthedisastertoJiaoLingchen.JiaoLingchensaid:"Ionlyknowtheamountofincome.Idon'tknowwhetherthereisdroughtornot.""Thepeasantsaregoingtostarvetodeath,andthereisnomillettorepaythem,sotheyhavetoappealtoDuanTaiwei.
DuanTaiweiwroteaverdictwithagentletone.HesentsomeonetoseehimandnotifyJiaoLingchen.JiaoLingchenwasfuriousandcalledthepeasantsandsaid,"AmIafraidofDuanTaiwei?Howdareyousaybadthingsaboutme!Hespreadtheverdictonthebackofthepeasant,hittwentyhardhitswithathickstick,dying,andcarriedittotheTaiwei'smansion.TheTaiweicried:"Iamtheonewhohurtyou!""Iimmediatelytookwatertowashawaythebloodstainsonthefarmer'sbody,toreoffhisclothestobandagehiswounds,personallyappliedgoodmedicinetohim,fedthefarmerbyhimselfinthemorningandevening,andthenatehisownmeal.Thenhesoldthehorsehewasridingandexchangedforit.HecametoGuzitopayforthepeasants,andaskedthepeasantsnottoletJiaoLingchenknow.
YinShaorong,theheadoftheHuaixiArmystationedinYuzhou,isanuprightman.HecametoseeJiaoLingchenandcursed:"Areyoustillhuman?ForthousandsofmilesinJingzhou,thepeoplewillstarvetodeath;butyoumustgetthegrainsandbeattheinnocentpeoplewithathickstick.DuanGongisanelderwithbenevolenceandtrustworthiness,butyoudon'tknowhowtorespecthim.NowDuanGongonlyhasonehorse.Aftersellingitatalowprice,itwillbereplacedwithmilletandhandedovertoyou.Youactuallyaccepteditwithoutshame.Ifapersonignoresnaturaldisasters,offendstheelders,beatstheinnocent,andacceptsthegrainofthebenevolent,sothatthemastergoesoutwithouthorses,howwillyougouptotheskyanddowntotheground,don'tyoufeelashamedofbeingaslave!"AlthoughJiaoLingchenistyrannical,butafterhearingthesewords,hewasashamedandevensweating,unabletoeat,andsaid,"IhavenofacetoseeDuanGong!""Oneevening,Ihatedmyselfanddied.
WhenTaiweiDuanwasrecruitedfromthepostofJingzhouasSinongqing,beforeleaving,hewarnedthefamilymemberswhowentthere:"WhenpassingQizhou,ZhuMingmaygiveawaymoneyandthings,don'tacceptit."Whenpassingby,ZhuMinginsistedongivingthreehundredlargesilks.Taiwei'sson-in-lawWeiWeiresolutelyrefusedtoacceptthem.ZhuYanstilldidnotagree.Whenhearrivedinthecapital,DuanTaiweisaidangrily:"Youdidn'tlistentome!""Weimetapologizedandsaid,"IhavealowstatusandIcan'trefuseit."TaiWeisaid,"Butafterall,Ican'tputDaLinginmyhouse.""SohesentittoSinong'sofficeandplaceditontheroofbeam.ZhuMingrebelled,andDuanTaiweiwaskilled.TheofficialsreportedtheincidenttoZhuMing.ZhuMingtookalook.Theoriginalsealwasstillthere.
TheaboveisTaiwei’sanecdote.OnacertainmonthanddayintheninthyearofYuanhe,LiuZongyuan,anexternalcoordinatorofSimafromYongzhou,respectfullydedicatedittotheHistoryMuseum.
NowIpraiseDuanTaiwei.ThepeopleofthefestivalprobablythinkthatitistheWufuwhoisimpulsiveandnotafraidofdeath,andthusnamedhimintheworld.Theydon’tunderstandthattheTaiweilivesintheworldasmentionedabove.IhavetraveledbetweenYuQi,Zhou,Fan,andWu,andwentnorththroughZhending.MaLing,touredvariousmilitarybuildingssuchaspavilions,barriers,fortressesandgarrisons.Helikestovisitoldandveterans.TheycanintroduceDuanTaiwei'sdeeds.TheTaiweiismodestandoftenbowshisheadandarches.Hestartedtowalk,spokeinalowvoice,neverhadtotreatotherswithabadface;whenotherssawhim,hewascompletelyaConfucian.Whenheencounteredsomethingthathecouldn'tagreewith,hemustachievehisowngoal.Hisdeedsarebynomeansaccidental.Beingabletocome,hebelievedinhiswordsandactedwithintegrity.HecollectedtheTaiwei’saffairsindetailandcheckedagainwithoutanydoubt.Somefactsmayhavebeenlostandmissed,andtheywerenotconcentratedinthehandsofthehistorian.HeboldlytooktheactprivatelySendittoyou.Writedownthisanecdotesolemnly.
Creativebackground
Thisarticlewaswritteninthe9thyearofYuanheTangXianzong(814)whenLiuZongyuanwasdemotedtoYongzhou.ItwasTheauthorreferredtoHanYuwhowasworkingintheHistoryMuseumatthattime.Hetalkedaboutthemotivationofhiswritingin"AnAnecdoteofDuanXiushiTaiweiDuanXiushiwithHistorianHanYu":"TheTaiweiFestivalisnothinginancienttimes.However,peoplethoughtthatIwassofamousthatIwassofamoustoday.TheTaiweihaddifficultiesinthearmy,andhisattitudewasnottolosehisside,andhisvisitswereallundisciplined.Willnotreachthenextname,becauseitisnotheard,itisnotstraighttotakethewatasaforgiveness(letter)."Obviously,theauthor’spurposeforwritingthisarticleistodialecticallyjustifythemisunderstandingofDuanXiushibysomepeopleatthetime.ItdatesbacktoOctoberinthefourthyearoftheconstructionofTangDezong(783),whenJingyuanJiedumadeYaoLingyan’stroopsmutinyinthecapital.DeZongrushedoutinahurry,andtheoriginalLuLongJiedumadeZhuMingtheemperorbytherebels.DuanXiushiwasinthemiddleofthecourt,andwhenhewascalledtodiscussanissue,hesuddenlyslammedZhuMingontheheadwithawat,andatthesametimehehadabigface.HescoldedZhuYeasa"crazythief"andwaseventuallykilled.LiuZongyuanadmiredDuanXiushi'sloyaltyandbravery.However,somepeopleintheDPRKalsospreadrumorsthatDuanXiushi'smovewas"thewarriordidnotworryaboutdeathforawhile,andnamedtheworld."Afterhearingthis,LiuZongyuanwasextremelyindignant.Heknowsthatheisalwaysuprightandupright,"ifhecan'tmeethisambitions".InordertoletpeopleunderstandDuanXiushi,LiuZongyuanwrotethisarticle.
Appreciationofworks
LiteraryAppreciation
TheauthortakesthreethingsfromDuanXiushi’slife,properlytailoredandorganized,vividlydescribed,andvividlyrendered,whichshowsthatDuanXiushi’scourageistheinevitablecharacterofhischaracter,sothattherumorsarenotself-defeating.Broken.Thisarticleisbasedonrealpeopleandfacts.Throughthreeanecdotes,theauthorhascreatedanimageofafeudalofficialwhoisnotafraidofrape,caresaboutthepeople,anddoesnottakemoneyfromthefeudalera.Atthesametime,healsoexposestheuglyphenomenaofthesocialrealityatthattime.,Hasacertaincognitivesignificanceandhistoricalvalue.Thefulltextcanbedividedintofourparagraphs.Thefirstparagraphisthefirstincident:BravelyservingGuoXi.Theauthorwritesinturntheheroesandsoldiers,recommendstoquellthechaos,andthespeechesoftheYingying,pleasestay.CampinghighlightsDuanXiushi’scharacterofbeingsoftandhardattheinside.ThecauseoftheincidentwasthatsoldiersGuoXizongmutilatedthepeopleanddidwhatevertheywanted.Theauthorfirstdescribedindetailthebehaviorofthesoldiersandtheirambitions:Everyday,ingroups,theyarerobbingpropertyinthemarket,andtheyarenotsatisfied.,Ifoughthardtobreakthehandsandfeetofthepeople,smashedallkindsofpottery,wolvesallovertheground,barearmsandwalkedaway,untilthepregnantwomanwaskilled.Hewrotethatthebrutalityofthebrutality,asinfrontofhim.Thentheauthorpointedoutthatthesoldierwasasoldier.Therefore,thecruxofthedaringtodowhateverhewants,becauseoftheFenyangkingGuoZiyi,BaiXiaodeisonlysadinhisheartbutdarenottoexplain.ThentheauthorwrotethatDuanXiushiself-recommendedtoserveasthecapitalandwenttocalmthechaos,whichshowedhisbraveryandfearlessness.Soon,WhenGuoXi’sseventeensoldierswererunningrampantagain,DuanXiushidecisivelysentsoldierstocapturethem,beheadedonebyone,puttheirheadsonspears,anderectedtheminthemarketforpublicdisplay.Herearethetwoverbsof"note"and"zhi".ItstronglyhighlightsDuanXiushi’s“brave”.Thisisadescriptionofhiscourage.DuanXiushiisveryhappyforthepeople,butGuoXiiswillingtogiveup,immediatelyputonarmor,andtheincidenthasreachedaclimax.Atthistime,BaiXiaodewasfrightened,andDuanXiushicalmlycalmeddown,notafraidofdanger,anddecidedtomakeastatement.TheauthorwrotethatGuoXishi'sswordsweredrawn,likeatenseatmospherefacinganenemy,whichcontrastedDuanXiushi'sgreatwisdomandbravery.DuanXiushididnotbringguards,nosabers,andcalmlyappearedinGuoying.DuanXiushiwasshocked.DuanXiushiknewthatinordertoconquerGuoXi,itwasimpossibletorelyonforce,butonlytoknowthereason.Therefore,toresignfromtheguard,torelievethesword,andtochoosetheelderlywithlamelegstoholdthehorse,whichispsychologicallyeliminated.Theotherside’salert.Theimplicationoftheauthor’snarrationis:DuanXiushiisnotafraidofdeath.Heissoftoutside.Theinnerstrength,easyandstrongpersonalityisfullyembodiedhere.Atthispoint,DuanXiushihasgraduallytakentheinitiative.AfterhemadeagenerousstatementtoGuoXiandpointedouthisinterests,hefinallyconvincedhim.Thisisthesecondwritingofitscourage.Atthispoint,theincidentseemstohavecometoanend,buttheauthorunexpectedlywroteaboutDuanXiushi'srequesttostayinthebarracks.Whywritethisplot?Aftercoveringthescrolls,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthatDuanXiu'spracticalrighteousnessandinterestsconfidedGuoXi,andGuoXiwasconvinced,andthenheapologized,andthesoldierGusaid:"Allaredisbandedandreturnedtothefire,andthosewhodaretofightdie!"DuanXiushiwantstofindoutwhetherGuoXihasthedeterminationtorestrainhismen.StayinginthebarracksnotonlyshowedDuanXiushi'sopenmind,butalsoexaminedGuoXi'ssincerityanddeterminationtochange.Thisisthreewritingitscourage.Thesecondparagraphisthesecondincident:RenHuJiaoLingChen.Inadditiontowinningtheopponentwithcourageandcourage,DuanXiushialsohastheheartofbenevolenceandloveforthepeople.Thisanecdoterecountsthathesympathized,rescued,andcomfortedapeasantwhowasunabletopaytherentandwasbeatenbadly.ThroughaseriesofactionsbyDuanXiushi,theauthorshowedhiscompassionforfarmers.Inwritingtheendingofthisincident,theauthoraskedthethirdpartyHuaixiYujunYinShaorongtoappearonthestage,andheangrilydenouncedJiaoLingchenforhisdisrespect,shame,andworthyofshame,andfromtheside,DuanXiushi'skindandbenevolentloveforthepeoplewashighlighted.Thethirdparagraphisthethirdincident:JiexianZhishitang.DuanXiushinotonlyhasthenoblequalitiesofdefyingrape,evillikehatred,andlovingthepeoplelikehischildren,butalsohastheintegrityofintegrity.TheauthorwrotethatDuanXiushihadaninsightintoZhuYan'sheart,refusedtoacceptthegift,andpraisedhisanecdoteaboutthebeamandwoodofthegift.ThisanecdoteservesasasupplementtoDuanXiushi'sbehaviorofhittingthewaterwiththewater.Itshowsthathisintegrityisnotonlyshowninthebigplace,butalsointhesmallplace,andthecharacterimageismoreglorious.Theabovethreeanecdotes,althoughthetimeandplaceofoccurrencearedifferent,theyarenotrelatedtoeachother,buttheirspiritsareinterlinked.Fromtheauthor'sobjectivenarrative,peoplefeeladeepsenseofpraise.Thefourthparagraphexplainsthetimeofwritingthisarticle,thereasonsandthesourceofthematerials,toillustratethecorrectnessoftheanecdote.Thisarticleisalsoquiteoriginalinstructure.Atthebeginningoftheanecdote,theauthorstatedthetimeoftheincident.Inorder,thematterof"beingashamedandJiaoLingchen"shouldbebefore"servingGuoXibravely",theauthormoveditlater,andwriting"ServingGuoXibravely"inadvance,theadvantageisthatitcanfullyembodythemainpurposeofthewriting.BecausetheauthorwantstofightbackagainstthevillainandslanderDuanXiushi,itisarumorthat"thewarriorneverthoughtofdeathforawhile,andnamedtheworld",hemustemphasizehisessenceof"whenitisimpossible,hewillachievehisambition,anditisbynomeansaccidental."And"ServingGuoXibravely"bestillustratesthispoint.Inaddition,thisflashbackisalsoinlinewithreaders'appreciationpsychology.Theauthorfirstwritesaboutthetenseatmosphereandintensescenes,whichcangivereadersastrongimpression.ThenIwriteaboutDuanXiushi'scharacterofbenevolenceandloveforthepeople,themeaningofreconciliationtothepeople,theupsanddownsoftheliterarytrend,andthechangesinthelayout.Withthisarrangement,betterartisticeffectscanbereceived.Anothernotablefeatureofthisarticleisthatthefulltextdoesnotcontainasinglesentence,itembodiesemotions,expressesspiritbyform,andiscomplexandconcise.Theauthordoesnotuseemotionsinhiswriting,andcompletelyallowsfactsandimagestospeak.HecarefullyselectedthreeanecdotesinDuanXiushi'slife,whicharecomplicatedandconcise.Inthecaseof"ServingGuoXibravely",theauthorspentalotofwritingonthecause,development,climax,ending,andlingeringsoundoftheincident,fullydemonstratingDuanXiushi'scourageouspersonality.TheclimaxofthisincidentisthespeechofYingying,andthenarrativeisparticularlydetailed,sothatreaderscanseehimandhearhisvoice."BenevolenceandanxietymakeChen",inordertoshowDuanXiushi'squalityofbenevolenceandloveforthepeople,theauthorisdescribinghimasaseverelyinjuredfarmerwhowashesblood,treatssores,injectsmedicine,feeds,sellshorses,andpaysforgrain.Avoidtrivialmatters.In"JieXianZhiShiTang",theauthorusessimplepenandink,andusessimpleandcomplexmethods.Althoughthenarrativeisveryfew,becausehecangraspthemainlinks,hehasreceivedtheeffectofseeingthemicro-literacy,andthecharacter'sinsightandintegrityarestillThebrillianceiscompelling.
EvaluationofFamousExperts
ModernWangSonglingandYangLiyang"LiuZongyuan'sPoemsandEssaysSelectedTranslation":"Thisarticleisnotonlyanoutstandingbiography,butalsocanbereadashistoryandnovel."
Abouttheauthor
LiuZongyuan(773-819),awriterandphilosopherintheTangDynasty.ThewordisthickandhewasborninHedongjie(nowYunchengWest,Shanxi).Knownas"LiuHedong"intheworld.Inthe9thyearofZhenyuan(793),thetwenty-one-year-oldLiuZongyuanwasajinshiandwasawardedtheschoolscribe.Attheageoftwenty-six,healsolearnedaboutmacroci,tunedLanTianwei,andpromotedtosuperviseYushiLixing.JoinedwithLiuYuxiandotherWangShuwenGroupwhoadvocatedreform,andservedasamemberoftheMinistryofRitesandWailang.Afterthefailureof"YongzhenInnovation",hewasrelegatedtoYongzhouSima.LatermovedtoLiuzhougovernor,soitisalsocalled"LiuLiuzhou".Hewasalsoincludedinthe"EightGreatMastersofTangandSongDynasties"andwascalled"HanLiu"withHanYu'sadvocacyoftheancientChinesemovement.Theproseissharpandvigorous,withthoroughreasoning.Landscapetravelnoteshavemanysustenances,especiallyfamous.Thefableissharp,andthepoetrystyleisclearandremote.Authorof"Mr.HedongCollection".