Functions
Cellularcomputersaremoreflexiblethanelectroniccomputers,becausethebiologicalmoleculesresponsibleforinformationtransmissioncanbereplacedbyotherbiologicalmolecules,whiletraditionalcomputerscanonlybelimitedto(single)electronicSignal.Cellularcomputerscanevencommunicatedirectlywithelectroniccomputers.Becausethetwohavethesamelogic,scientistshopethatelectroniccomputerscanbettercommunicatewithcells.Cellularcomputerswillfacilitatethein-depthstudyofvariousbiologicalmechanismsoforganisms,aswellasthedevelopmentofnewmethodsforthetreatmentofdiseases.
Statusquo
In1999,theChineseAcademyofSciencesZengBangzheproposedtoregardgeneticinformationsystemasgenomicintelligence(genomicintelligence),whichcanbeartificiallyprogrammedandartificialevolution(artificialevolution),toredesigncomplexbiologicalmoleculesincellsInteractionnetwork,sothatthecellbecomesanartificiallifesystem.
Atthebeginningof1999,ZengBangzhe(ZengJie)establishedtheSystemBiologyScienceandEngineeringNetworkinGermanyandpreparedforinternationalconferencesandassociations,andpublishedonlinethedesignprinciplesofelectroniccomponentsandelectroniccircuitsforcellularcommunicationandmolecularbiologicalsystemsincells.Pictured,in2002,abiologicalcomputermodelofmolecularmodules,organelles,geneclustersdesigningcellsanddesigningcellsignalcommunicationwasproposedinGermany.
Manuallydesignandsynthesizegenes,genechains,signaltransductionnetworks,etc.,engineercellsandreprogramthem,whichcandocomplexcalculationsandinformationprocessing,socellcomputersarealsocalledwetcomputers(wetcomputers).computer)orlivingcomputer,cellularrobot,etc.
In2012,SwissresearcherFussenegelandothersmadetwokeybio-digitalcircuitsinanimalembryonickidneycells:halfadderandhalfsubtractor.TheycanaddAddorsubtracttwobinarynumbers.Thisisthemostcomplicatedbiologicalcircuitmadesofar,anditisexpectedtobeusedtobuildcellcomputers.