synonym Qin Afang Palace generally refers to Afang Palace (Qin Dynasty famous palace)
geographic environment
Afang Palace Restoration map (2 photos
Afanggui is also known as the city, the front of the Akang Palace is built on an ancient rigid, which is the evidence of the Qin Dynasty Emperor Xianyang with Afang Palace, and Yugukou is the center axis.For a long time, experts believe that the site selection of Afu Palace is located on the highlands, in the Tang Dynasty Daming Palace, but in 2015, the ancient river ditch was discovered in the Afu Palace, indicating that the front of the Afu Palace is not A complete highland. Building a palace on the river, means interrupting the original water network, making the flow water, and then dig the mud, and fill the soil. The Afang Palace foundation in the river ditch is only 5.8 meters, and the engineering volume is very vast.
Afang Palace Center has always been south, and is facing the famous Houskou "沣口" in the north of Qinling. South to Yugukou, north to the Weihe River, the Afang Palace is the highest place in this axis, together with the documentary meaning of the literature. This inferred that the site selection of Afang Palace has a strong axis, which may be the axis of Qin Emperor's Xianyang in Qin Shihuang.
Historical Edition
After the Qin Shihuang unified China, the world, the world, which started to build in the west side of the dragon, in the west side of the Dragon, in the west side of the Dragon, and was integrated. Become a political center of the Qin Dynasty. According to the purpose and location of the palace, it is determined by the Qin Shihuang.
"Historical Records, Qin Shijie",: "The Emperor thought that the Xianyang people, the court of the king of the king, my smell: Zhou Wen Wang Du Feng, Wu Wang, all between, between the earth, the emperor It is the Camp as Linyuan in the palace. "It can be seen that after Qin Shihuang has established the Qin Empire, there is no immediate migration of the political center, still in the palace of the first king. "Building Xianyang Palace, because of the Beiling Camp, the end of the door, the purple palace, like the emperor" ("three-family Huang Figure"). But over time, the capital Xianyang population has increased dramatically, and there is a full feeling of people suffering from two rivers (Water and Lishui), from the establishment of "Emperor's capital", after nine years later Have a move to rebuild the Palace.
Qin Shihuang 37 years (first 210 years) July, Qin Shihuang drove in the East Tour, and September was buried in Lushan. When Qin Shihuang died, the Afu Mall has not been repaired. The project was forced to stop. Qin II Hui put all the criminals to Lushan Mausoleum.
In the first year of Qin Er (the first 209), the main project of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum was basically completed, and the Afu Palace project was closed for 7 months. In order to achieve the will of Emperor, Qin I will call out some of the human resources from the Mausoleum Project to continue to build an Afangche.
In the first year of Qin Er (the first 209) July, Chen Sheng, Wu Guang rightened broke out, the Qin Empire was in a dangerous day. At that time, the world's tax is heavy, the people do not rose students and the war are critical, and the Afu Palace project is not possible to work in accordance with the class. So, the Qin Dynasty ruled whether the Group had a serious opinion on whether the Aku Palace continued to build this issue. The right-handed Feng Xiangxiao, Zuo Xiang Xiang Li Si, General Feng Zuo Zun, the emergence of Qin II stopped building Afang Palace, angered II, three people were sent to the Judicial Administrator to die.
Qin III for three years (the first 207) August, Zhao Gao missed the second world, and forced the second world to commit suicide. I died in the second world, and the Afang Palace finally shut down until the Qin Empire.
Although the Afang Palace is not completely completed, the "Acropolis" of its partial buildings remains long.
"Han Shu Oriental Shuo" contains: Han Dynasty Emperor Wu Jianyuan (the first 138) "in the south of Acheng, Zhou Zhi East, Yichun, West ... I thought that Shanglinyuan, Nanshan "It can be seen" A City "is still complete in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty.
Abai is near Chang'an, often becoming a place in the soldiers. "苻 Jian Jianyuan 20 years (384), Murong was offputs Acheng. Early, folk songs: 'Phoenix, Phoenix, Shangjia'. The Phoenix is not the same, not bamboo is not eating, Thousands of plants are in the city, to be to the Phoenix "(" 16th National Spring Festival ").
Sui and Tang Taizong Li Shimin enters the customs, and he has also been in the bamboo. Yan Shi Gu said: "With its walls, the secret is the arrogance". About the Song Dynasty, Acheng was destroyed. Song Min was in the book of "Changan Zhi": "Qin Ah is a city. In Chang'an County, the West, West, North, (East) has walls, there is no wall in the south, one hundred and forty steps on Friday Chongzu, a wide four feet five inches, a wide, five feet, today I know that it is the house. " Song Min was in accordance with the actual trend, and the earliest reveals the "three sides of the wall, there is no wall in the south", which has been accounted for archaeological verification.
Building layout
Archaeological excavation shows that the Afang Palace is only built in the front hall found.
Afang Palace contains two major architectures, one is the front house building group, and the other is "Shangtai" building group.
Archaeological information shows that the north of the front temple of Akang Palace is north to the Weihe River, and there is no building in the same time in the north bank of Kunming Pool in the Han Dynasty. This determines the North Roundation of the Northern Roundation of the Qin Akang Palace site, the north edge and the south edge of the front temple of the Akoji. In summary, through three years of hard archaeological work in 2005-2007, in the east of the front temple of Aku Palace (east to 氵皀 river), west (west to 沣 沣), north (north to The Weihe River) and the southern side of the south (South to Han Dynasty Kunming Pool) were found in the Qin Dynasty building site in the same time of the Akang Palace, thus identified the scope of the Qin Ako Palace without the completion of the completed Qin Ako Palace. The range of the front house is consistent. That is to say, the Afang Palace's front house is later and what people have been seen in the Qin Shihuang, the Rukou Site constructed in Qin Shihuang. Afang Palace front Temple is 1270 meters long, 426 meters wide, 7-9 meters high, with an area of about 544,000 square meters (880 acres). The Afang Palace only has a base base, with an area of 541,000 square meters.
The main building
Afang Palace is located in Qin Shanglinyuan in the south of Weilong, the site in the northwest of Sanqiao Town, Xi'an City, Sanqiao Town, Houji, Nanwang Temple Village - - The North Edge of Heping Village is 5 kilometers long. The East is the world, and the Xi Chang'an County (now Chang'an District) Xiaosu Village-Jiyang Village, the horizontal width of 3 kilometers, covering an area of about 15 square kilometers. Within this area, there are still more than 20 of the ground-like platforms that are still retaining the ground, including the largest in the front of the Afang Palace. In the south of Sanqiao Town, Xi'an, Xi'an, Xi'an, Xi'an, China, the east to the ancient city village, and there is approximately 60,000 square meters of Afang Palace.
Remissation
Summary
The site is located on the platform of the dragon's original extension, altitude 394.2-401.4 meters. The intensive area of the construction site is mainly distributed in south of Sanqiao Town. In this interval, there were more than 20 ground-like base sites that were retained. Among them, the top of the Afang Palace is the largest, and the Taiwan bases in Afu Village and Jiyangzhai are the most dense. Silk tiles, slate, Waz, laying bricks, circular and pentagonal ceramics, funnel, original stone cositives, etc. can be seen everywhere.
Afu
"阿 房", "A City". Located on the top of the Afu Palace, it is the top hall and its affiliates, the first temple is constructed. When the Taiwan base of the Afang Temple, first build a wall on both sides of the north and things. Subsequently, generous Beibei became the foundation of "Afu". At the west end of the front of the front of the Afu Palace, there is a village name "big ancient city", "small ancient city". Its location indicates that "Acheng" is outside the "front house", "Afang Palace".
Acheng, "three sides have walls, southless wallless", related to construction skills and political situation. From engineering, reasonable arrangements, improve aging is an important principle. Building "A City" is one of the designs, first three-sided wall, which is both the former process of "Afu", which is also easy to manage. "Nanyuan wallless" is to leave out the accessible channels such as personnel, materials. When the "Afu Hall" was built, the door was completed, and the South Wall closed. It is a pity that the Qin at the end of the death, the shape of the ban, and the Afang Palace Engineering is forced to abandon, there is naturally no southern wall.
In the 1950s, local farmers landed in the north of the hall, once dug out the relics such as Yunxia, slate, residual bricks, stone collation and pottery pipelines. Archaeologists also traveled many times, see the same situation, indicating that there is a building in the north of the front temple base site. The archaeological team drilled on the edge of the Taiwan base, north, and the west of the West, found the wall of the wall, confirmed the history of "Acheng".
Country-in-one Chang'an District, Xiyang Township, Chang'an District, Xiyang Township, Ancient City Village, East to Jujiazhuang, East to Jujiazhuang, East to Jujiazhuang 420 meters wide, the highest point is about 7-9 meters, which is the largest bucket building platform known in the world. In 1992, UNESCO has conducted investigations and recognition of Afu Palace, identifying it as the world's largest palace base, and believes that Afang Palace is a well-deserved "World Miracle".
As a giant system engineering, it is first launched in the construction procedure to include the "Afu Palace" in a pre-engineering. Although the "front house" is not equal to the Afang Palace, it is the main part of "Afang Palace", which is the center of gravity of the Communication. This practice of building the city first, seems to be a tradition. Such as Qin Xiaogong "Building aunt, Migry", Han Chang'an City is also built in the city.
The ancient city of Zhao Jiabao, the west to the ancient city and the small ancient city, using the dragon head to extend to the southwest. With terrain, the soil platform, the locals became "Dwswan". The latest drilling data shows that the Shui Tower base on the ground is 1119 meters above the ground, 400 meters wide in the north and south. Through drilling and experimentation, the original site is 1270 meters long, Nanta width is 426 meters wide, with an area of 541020 square meters. From the Qin Dynasty ground, the current reservoir soil base is above 12 meters. Its soil is pure, the stagnation is clear and neat, and the layer thickness is 7-8 cm, which is sufficient to see a lot of load capacity to take the temple.
Shanglin Court
March 12, 2006, archaeologists were discovered on a large area survey, exploration, exploration, exploration, exploration, exploration, exploration, exploration, exploration, exploration, exploration, exploration foundation Shang Linyuan No. 1, No. 2 building site has achieved important gains.
Shanglinyuan Building Site, located 1150 meters west of the front temple of Aku Palace, which is divided into two parts: South and north. The southern part is the palace area, and its stimulating platform is destroyed. The current existing thing is 250 meters, the largest width of the north and the north, the area is 11250 square meters; the north is the garden area, due to serious destruction, the scope has not been determined. Archaeologists were discovered in the west edge of the southern palace area of the ruins, and the unearthed relics were mainly building materials such as bricks, slate, tapered tiles, and wattage. The site building collapse is stacked in the building materials in the building materials, the tiles, and the wattage have traces that are burned by the fire. In addition, there is a large number of walls that have been burned out unease, these phenomena indicate that the building has been encountered. Fire.
Shanglinyuan Building Ruins and No. 1 building site is only 500 meters apart, located 1200 meters southwest of the front temple of Aku Palace, is the legendary "Afang Palace Beacon" site. The building is divided into two parts, the upper part is a building, and the lower part is a soil base basis. The ruins are seriously destroyed and unearthed in the remains, indicating that the building should be high-level multi-storey buildings.
Shanglinyuan site also explores an area of 440 square meters, a 20-meter long-spectacular Han Dynasty underground drainage pipe. A few meters away from the East of the Han Dynasty, and the archaeologists found a Warring States Qin period wall-based site. The wall base site is from 40 meters from the north and south, about 3.5 meters wide, 1.5 meters high. Archaeologists found a drainage pipe in the west side of the thick wall foundation. About 100 meters from the east of the wall, is a high-spirited platform, which is the site of Shanglinyuan No.1, Jiyangzhai Site.
Palace group
Auntang Palace, 500 meters, there is a tall platform, about 310 meters perimeter, about 20 meters high, the local people call it " Tian Taiwan, is one of the most significant architectural sites in the Afang Palace. On December 18, 2006, through the archaeological survey, exploration and partial discovement, an archaeologist found that the legendary Qin Shihuang on the east side of the Akangche Palace, and the legendary Qin Shihuang is actually a Warring States Qin period. A palace building in the Shanglinyuan in the construction.
The archaeological personnel have learned the exploitation of the high platform building south face, with its core, east, west, north, and the underground discovered that there were many Poewang pipelines. Drainage facilities. There are no building sites in the south side of the high platform, but archaeologists have found a sand layer distribution in about 1 meter underground. According to this, it should be an ancient river or lake, which is likely to be ancient garden landscape.
Li Yufang, a researcher of the Archaeological Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Li Yufang, the archaeological team of Afang Palace, believes that the core of the upper cloth site is a high-level palace building, and it is a stagnant base. It should be a can For the end, the high, the top three high platform palace buildings. This is basically the same as the form of the Qindu Xianyang Palace No. 1 Palace Building site, is a more typical Warring States Gaotai Palace building. From an archaeological point of view, this site is the palace group of Qin State in Shanglin Court.
Cultural relics
On March 4, 1961, the Afu Palace site was announced as the first national key cultural relics protection unit.
2005, the 15th World Conference of the International Candus Site Conservation Association was held in Xi'an, put forward the international latest cultural relics protection concept, which not only protects the historic site, but also protects its living environment. Therefore, once as a key investment project in Shaanxi Province, an Afang Palace scenic spot invested more than 200 million yuan. In 2013, it was demolished in 2013, and it was replaced by a larger scale, more consumed more than Afang Palace National Archaeological Site Park.
July 11, 2008, the State Cultural Relics Bureau approved the "Requests for the Protection of Qin Akang Division Pipeline Remains" (Shaanxi Cultural Relics [2008] No. 71).
On December 31, the National Cultural Relics Bureau approved the "Regulations on reporting the local protection display engineering design of the Qin Afang Palace" (Shaanxi Cultural Relics [2008] No. 157), the principle agreed "Abu Preliminary design of local protection display projects in front of the palace
On March 2011, Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau held the Expert Review of the "Afang Palace Site Protection Plan" in Xi'an. From the Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute, the Archaeological Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the 7 provincial and foreign cultural heritage protection and planning expert scholars and Xi'an 沣