Основне информације
Пиниин:ла,зха,цха
радикал: инсект
Вубиинпутметход:јајг
Број удараца: 14
Строкеордернумбер:25121412212511
Тумачење кинеских знакова
восак(ку)
Thelarvaofthefly."Shuowen·Chongbu":"Wax,fly䏣also."(Note:"䏣"istheorthographiccharacterof"maggot",and"maggot"isavulgarcharacter)
восак(ла)
[име]
1.Пиктофон.ЦонгЦхонг,(лие)звук.
2.Theoilproducedbyanimals,mineralsorplantshasplasticity,canburnandmelt,isinsolubleinwater,andisafattyacidesterofmonohydroxyalcoholorsterol.
Цандлехасахеартандбид фаревелл то сузе до зоре.——ДуМуов „Растанак“
Бакља од воска постаје сива и сузе почињу суво.——ЛиСхангиин „Унтитлед“
3.Аббревиатионфорцандле.
Други пример: воштана ватра (ватра свеће); воштани дим (дим свеће); воштаноцрвена (цвет свеће); воштани тамјан (мирис који се производи када је свећа упаљена); воштана светлост (светлост свеће).
восак(ла)
【Активност】
1.Боја са воском.Суцхас:восак(превучен папиром или крпом да спречи влагу);воштана књига(осликана свилом воском,копирано из сликовнице);воштани папир(папир обложен воском на површини).
2.Сееалсозха.
восак (зха)
【Активност】
1.Ancientsacrificialnames.TheZhoudynastycelebratesallthingsattheendoftheyear.
2, царев велики восак осам.——„Књига обреда·посебне жртве у предграђима“
Anotherexample:waxwax(year-endsacrifice);waxaltar(waxsacrificealtar);waxbin(ahelperofyear-endsacrifice);waxrope(YouwaxFestival);WaxTemple(theancestralhallforwaxsacrifices);WaxPalace(apalaceforwaxsacrifices);WaxMoon(referstotheDecemberoftheweekcalendar);WaxDay(thedayoftheyear-endwaxsacrificetotheEightGods);WaxSacrifice( жртвовање име.Крај године жртвовањебогу пада).
3.Сееалсола.
Екпланатионофантиентбоокс
КангкиДицтионари
"ЈиИун"и"ЗхенгИун"𠀤севентхоугхтсцут,соунд覻."СаидВен"исалсоагалл."ЗхоуЛи·КиуГуан·ВакНоте"восак,месехандблоодрацид,вакалсоуседби мухе иинсектс."ТхеРордерофтхеБурнингиссауредтхеМоон.
Againtohelpthedrivercut,thesoundissudden.Year-endfestivalname."RitualLiYun"ZhongNiandYuWaBladder."Notes"Xiasaidthesacredceremony,YinsaidJiaping,Zhousaidwax,andQinsaidla."SuburbSpecialSacrifice"isalsoawaxer,soalso.InDecember,gatherallthingstogetherandenjoyit.
Again"YuPian"hassixcuts,andthesoundisfrowning.Insectname.Thewaxofthewaxfestival."GuangYun"maybewritten."LiuShuZhengzheng"fromthesoundofinsects.Don'tmakeamistake,followtheshow,anddon't.
ДиалецтЦоллецтион
◎Гандијалект:лӕп5
◎Hakkadialect:[Hailuqiang]za5lap8[MeixianDialect]za5[TaiwanFourCountyDialect]za5lap8[HakkaEnglishDictionary]lap8[Baoanqiang]za5|lap8[HakkaPinyinVocabulary]lab6za4
◎кантонски:цаа3цааи3заа3
◎Цхаозхоудиалецт:лах8
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Тектуалресеарцхонтхеоригин
Thecandleoriginatedfromthetorchoftheprimitiveage.Primitivessmearedfatorwaxonbarkorwoodchipsandbundledthemtogethertomaketorchesforlighting.Thebeeswaxthatappearedaroundthe3rdcenturyBCmaybetheembryonicformofcandles.IntheWest,foraperiodoftime,beeswerekeptinmonasteriesandusedtomakebeeswax.ThiswasmainlybecausetheCatholicsbelievedthatbeeswaxwasasymbolofvirginconception,sobeeswaxwasregardedasapurelightandwasenshrinedonchurchaltars..Judgingfromtheexistingliterature,thetimewhenbeeswaxwasproducedinmycountryisroughlythesameasthatintheWest.JapanwasintroducedfrommycountryduringtheNaraperiod(710-784).Comparedwithmoderncandles,ancientcandleshavemanyshortcomings..LiShangyin,apoetintheTangDynasty,hadapoemsaying"Whyshouldwecutcandlesinthewestwindowtogether".Whydoesthepoetcutthecandle?Atthattime,thecandlecorewastwistedwithcottonthreadandstooduprightinthecenteroftheflame.Sinceitcouldnotbeburnedoutandcharred,itwasnecessarytocutofftheendoftheremainingcandlecorewithscissorsfromtimetotime.Thisisundoubtedlyatroublesomething.In1820,theFrenchmanJohnParcherieinventedthecandlecoremadeofthreecottonthreads,whichmadethecandlecorenaturallyloosenwhenitburned,andtheendjustbendstotheoutsideoftheflame,soitcanbecompletelyburned.Butthecandleneedstobefurtherimproved.Itsmaterialisgenerallyanimalfatwithmanyshortcomings.ItisSchereeretal.tosolvethisproblem.BetweenJuneandJuly1809,Coca-Scheffler,France,receivedaletterfromatextilefactoryaskinghimtoanalyzeanddeterminethecompositionofasoftsoapsampletheysent.Heheldthisletterandthoughtforalongtime,thinking:Tostudysoap,itseemsthatyouhavetostartwithrawoils.Inschoolexperimentswithverysimpleequipmentandsimpleequipment,hestudiedthevariousoilsthatneedtobeusedinthesaponificationprocess.Afteralotofexperiments,hediscoveredforthefirsttimethefactthatinallfats,regardlessoftheirsource,thecontentoffattyacidsaccountedfor95%,andtheremaining5%wasglycerinproducedduringthesaponificationprocess.Throughresearch,heclarifiedthenatureofthesaponificationprocess.Atthesametime,healsomadeamajordiscovery:becauseoftheglycerininthecandlesmadeofgreaseatthattime,theyburnedwithsmokeandsmelledunpleasant.Ifstearicacidisusedtomakecandles,notonlywilltheflamebebrightwhenburning,butalsotherewillbealmostnoblacksmokeandnoairpollution.SchaefflertoldGuy-Lussacofhisdiscoveryandsuggestedthatthetwojointlystudyhowtosolvethisproblemindetail.Theysaponifiedtheoilwithastrongbase,andthendecomposedthesoapwithhydrochloricacidtoremovestearicacid.Thisisawhitesubstancewithagreasyfeeltothehand.Candlesmadefromithaveasofttextureandarecheaper.In1825,SchaefflerandGuy-Lussacobtainedapatentfortheproductionofparaffinstearincandles.Theemergenceofparaffinstearincandlesopenedanewerainthehistoryofhumanlighting.Later,someonediscoveredalargeoilfieldinNorthAmerica,soalargeamountofparaffincanbeextractedfromtheoil,andtheidealcandlehasbeenpopularizedandpromotedallovertheworld.
Istumbleduponanarchaeologicalmagazine.ItseemsthatcandleswereinventedbytheEgyptiansmorethan5,000yearsago.WhendidtheChineseusecandles?Atleastinthenineteenthpoems,oillampswereused.,IsuddenlyrealizedthattherewasnosuchthingasacandleinancientChina.IntheancientbooksoftheHanDynasty,waxandcandleweregenerallydiscussedseparately,butthewordcandlewasrarelyusedtogether.
EveryonesawthebronzelampintheHanDynastyinChina.Thereisoftenalongnail-shapedflameinthecenterofthelampshade.Accordingtoitsexistence,archaeologically,Hanlanternsaredividedintotwocategories:oillampsandcandlelamps.
IcheckedthebooksforalongtimeandfoundthatintheHanDynasty,lampswereactuallydividedintotwocategories:oillampsandcandlelamps.Thelamppostsofoillampswerealsocalled"candles"."Candle"meansthatthelamppostmustbeimmersedingrease;thegreaseisanimalfat,andvegetableoilwasusedtolightthelampatthattime."QiMinYaoShuZong.MaZiPian"said:"Juma(thatis,thefemaleplantofcannabis)hasblackseeds,solidandheavy,poundedtomakecandles,nothemp.""Candlesticks"refertolightsandhavelittletodowithcandles.
Asforthefuelforlightingthelamp,Isawthatthearchaeologicalmagazinementionedthat"theyellowwaxcakewasfoundoccasionallyinthetomboftheHanDynasty."ThisshowsthatthegeneralsituationoftheHanlanternisthatthelampisfilledwithgrease,butwaxcanalsobeusedtoburnthelamp.Thewaxinthewaxlampwasmeltedandusedasanointment.Peoplefinallyfoundanexample,asmentionedinthe"ReportontheExcavationoftheTomboftheNanyueKingintheWesternHanDynasty";inthelateEasternHanDynasty,thewaxplatformwasthefirsttoappearintheHantombinGuangzhou.Itprovesthattheslendercolumnarcandleshaveenteredtheranksoflightingsuppliesatthattime.
Finally,therewerecandlesinChinainthelateEasternHanDynasty,buttheywerenotwidelyused,andtheirshapesweredifferentfrommodernones.Pushingupfurther,whethercandleshavebeenusedduringtheWarringStatesandQinandHanDynastiesisanunresolvedquestion.ItismentionedintheliteraturethatcandlesfirstappearedintheJinDynasty."JinShuZhouZhuanBiography"wrotethatsomeone"threwitwithalightedcandle.""ShiShuoXinYu"hasthestoryofShiChong"usingcandlesascooking".AftertheJinDynasty,thereweremanyreferencestocandlesintheliterature.Asforthepre-Jinperiod,thereisstillalackofreliablewrittenrecords.Infact,thereareonlyasmallamountofarchaeologicalmaterials,suchasthearchaeologicalmaterialsmentionedabove;
<Guitianlu>Oillamps.Especiallygoodatnightbanquetsanddrinks,althoughthedormitoryalsoburnscandles.Everytimeafterdismissal,peoplegototheofficialresidence,seethetoiletandtearsontheground,ofteninpiles."ItcanbeseenthatuntiltheSongDynasty,itisstilloil*candleexpensive.
Постоје чланци који говоре: „Сиџинг Разне белешке“ има „Краљ Мињуе представља Гаоди...200 медених свећа“ у којима се каже да су „свеће од меда свеће“, али то је само доказ.
Lookattherawmaterialsofcandles,thereareyellowwax,whitewaxandsoon.Yellowwaxisbeeswaxandwhitewaxisthewaxsecretedbytermiteinsects.TheuseofbeeswaxisgenerallybelievedtohaveoriginatedintheTangDynasty,andsometextualresearchbeganintheHanandWeiDynasties.Theabove-mentioned"theoccasionaldiscoveryofyellowwaxcakesinHantombs"isphysicalevidence,sotheuseofbeeswaxwasearlierthanthatofwhitewax.Therearerecordsofbeeswaxorbeeswaxin"ShenNong'sMateriaMedica",ZhangHua's"NaturalHistory",TaoHongjing's"FamousDoctors",whichareusedformedicinalpurposes.Fromthispointofview,thewaxusedintheEasternHanDynastywasbeeswax.Butprobablythenumberisnotlarge,andtheuseisnotcommon,sothelampcandleisstillmadewithgrease,oralayerofwaxisplacedoutsidethegreasecandletoreducethetearsofthecandle,oralittlewaxisaddedtothegrease.Somedataindicatethatthemeltingpointisrelativelylowwhengreaseisusedasacandle,sothecandlesatthattimearerelativelythickandshort.ThismaybewhythecandlelightsinthestoneportraitsoftheHanDynastyarerelativelythickandshort,insteadofthelongandthinshapesdepictedinthemuralsofTangLishou'stomb.
Цоммонлиуседвордс
Воштана, воштана плоча, бојица, воштаножута, резбарење воском, батик, восак, воштани папир, свећа, воштана фигура, воштано уље.