Symmetrical relationship
Your "symmetry relationship". For one of the determined relationship r in class K, any two individuals x, y, if Xry true YRX is true, then referred to as the relationship R is "symmetrical" symmetrical relationship (symmetric relationship) , if Xry true YRX is fake, then refer to the relationship between opposition (opponent relationship) ; if some individuals x, y, XRY are true YRX is also true, and for additional individuals X, Y, XRY true YRX is fake, it is called the relationship R to "asymmetric relationship (asymmetric relationship) . For example, the parallel relationship between the two lines, the equal relationship between the two numbers, etc., the relationship between the symmetrical relationship ; two realities is greater than the relationship, less than the relationship equity is The relationship between the opposition is , the two real numbers are not greater than the relationship, not less than the relationship, etc. is the asymmetric relationship because it is not more than B, and It is not possible to determine if B is not more than a.
Symmetry relationship reasoning
Symmetry relationship reasoning means a reason for the relationship judgment of symmetry. The so-called symmetry relationship refers to the relationship between the objects B and A when there is a certain relationship between the objects A and B. Such as, equal to the relationship, certain relative relationship, the same relationship, and simultaneous relationship, the same ground relationship, all-line relationship, etc. belong to symmetry relationship . The relationship between the deduction of these symmetry relationships is symmetry relationship reasoning . For example, "A = B in mathematics, so B = a," is a symmetry relationship of equivalent to sexuality relationships . Such as, "A is the brother of B, so B is also a brother." This is the relationship of the symmetry of some relative relationships. " Another example, "Li Bai and Du Fu are people with the era, so Du Fu and Li Bai are people in the same time." This is the symmetry relationship of simultaneous relationships.
Symmetry relationship rendering can be represented by the following formula: R (A, B) → R (B, A). Or: ARB, so BRA. Here, R represents the symmetry relationship, A and B are two types of objects. Rule of Symmetric Relationship Relationship: If R (A, B) is true, then R (B, A) is also true.
Relationship Judgment
Relationship Decision
Relationship judgment is a simple judgment of the relationship between the target and the object. Simply determined that in addition to the nature judgment, there is also a relationship judgment, and the relationship judgment is a judgment of the relationship between the target and the object.
For example: 1 Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River; 2 Zhengzhou is between Luoyang and Kaifeng; 3 smiles than crying; 4 Xu Tei Li and Mao Zedong have a teacher-student relationship. These four judgments are judging. Example 1 concluded that there is "Yangtze River" and "Yellow River" with "longer than" relationship; example 2 concluded "Zhengzhou" and "Luoyang", "Kaifeng", there is the former between the two "in "The relationship between" "Example 3 concluded that" smile "and" cry "have a" better "than ...." Decision "Xu Ti Li" and "Mao Zedong" "Teacher-student relationship".
The relationship judgment and the nature judgment are different. The nature judgment is a determination of whether the object has a certain nature (ie the relationship between the object and the nature), the main item only one; and the relationship judgment is a judgment between the determination of whether or not some relationship between the target and the object, and the relationship is always It is between two or more objects, and therefore, there are two or more objects that are judged by the relationship, that is, the main item is at least two. The relationship between the two objects is called two relationships , the relationship between the three objects is called three relationships , existing between three or more objects The relationship is called Multiple relationships .
Composition Judgment
The relationship is determined by three parts: Refense item , relationship , Item .
Refariaser item . Reflecting the concept of a certain relationship (or representing the concept of a certain relationship), the main item of the relationship judgment. Such as the "Yangtze River", "Yellow River '," Zhengzhou "," Kaifeng "," Laugh "," Smile "," Smile "," Mao Zedong' "," Mao Zedong '". In the relationship judgment, relations There are at least two, or three or more. In two relationships, the front report is called the front item, the post-relational item is called Refariators After usually use "a", "b '", "c" ... indicates .
Relationship item . The concept of the relationship between the relationships is also the predicate of the relationship. "Longer than", "better ... good" in various examples, "Teacher-based relationship", "in ..." is all related, usually uses "R" to indicate .
Item (relational amount) . Represents the concept of the number of relational items. Each relationship item can have an item. Such as "some Americans are higher than all China." Among them, "some" "all" are all items for relations.
The structural formula
determined by the above relationship, we can represent the structural formula of judgment with two relationships as; all (some) AR, All) b. Specific expression is four basic forms.
All AR All B;
All AR Some B;
Some AR All B;
Some AR Some b.
In fact, the relationship is judged that both affirmative forms and negative forms. For example, "5 greater than 3" is a sure relationship judgment. And "3 is not more than 5" is the negative relationship judgment. It denies "3" for "5 ''" with "greater than", this, the basic form of two relationships should have several other types.
all
all
some
some
In the relationship judgment, if the relationship person item is one or one object, the amount item can be omitted. This, two The relationship judgment can be written as:
r (a, b) or ARB;
a three-term relationship judgment can be written as:
r (a , B, C);
relationship between the relationships
The relationship between objects is varied, and there is also a variety of relationships in relationship judgment. The logical properties of relationship judgment deceased Nature. Commonly related to two properties: Symmetry relationship (symmetry relationship, opposition relationship, asymmetric relationship); Transmission property (transfer relationship; Transfer relationship; non-transfer relationship).