40thAnniversary
TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee
DengXiaoping
DengXiaopingTheory
Seektruthfromfacts
Discussiononthestandardoftruth
XiaogangVillage
Largecontracting
Fourbasicprinciples
Thirtyyearsofreformandopeningup
Theprimarystageofsocialism
The19thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina
Expand
BackgroundHistory
PoliticalBackground
TheresolutionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonseveralhistoricalissuesofthepartysincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(unanimouslyadoptedattheSixthPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonJune27,1981)Basicestimatesandevaluationsweremadeforthesevenyearsofcompletingsocialisttransformationandthetenyearsofcomprehensivelybuildingsocialism.
Forthe10yearsofthe"CulturalRevolution",thedocumentmentioned:The10yearsoftheCulturalRevolutioncausedthepartystateandpeopletosufferthemostserioussetbacksandlossessincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Historyprovesthattheargumentsofthe"CulturalRevolution"donotconformtoChina'srealityandMarxism-Leninism.TheseargumentsarecompletelywrongintheirestimationoftheclasssituationinChinaandthepoliticalsituationofthepartyandthecountryatthattime.Practicehasprovedthatthe"CulturalRevolution"isnotandcannotberevolutionorsocialprogressinanysense.Itisnot"disorderingtheenemy"atallbutchaosingitself,soithasneverbeenandcannotbeachievedfrom"disorderunderheaven"to"disorderunderheaven."Historyhasalreadydeterminedthatthe"CulturalRevolution"wasacivilturmoilthatwaswronglyinitiatedbytheleadersandusedbycounter-revolutionarygroupstobringseriousdisasterstothepartystateandpeopleofallethnicgroups.InOctober1976,theconspiracyofLinBiaoandJiangQingcounter-revolutionarygroupwassmashed,thepartywassavedfromthecrisis,therevolutionwassaved,andourcountryenteredanewperiodofhistoricaldevelopment.
Agreatturningpoint
OnDecember18-22,1978,DengXiaopingconvenedtheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina.Itisagreatturningpointwithfar-reachingsignificanceinthehistoryofourparty:
1.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeisameetingtobuildonthepast.Specifically,itre-establishedtheMarxistideologicallineofseekingtruthfromfacts,playeddowntheslogan"classstruggleasthekeylink,"whichisnotapplicabletothecurrentsocialistsociety,anddecidedtoshiftthefocusoftheworkofthewholepartytosocialistmodernization.
2.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeisameetingtocreatethefuture.TheplenarysessionclearlypointedoutthatthehistoricaltaskofthepartyinthenewperiodistobuildChinaintoamodernsocialistcountry,whichopenedthepreludetosocialistreformandopeningup.
3.StartingfromtheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,theChinesepeoplehaveenteredanewperiodofreform,openingup,andsocialistmodernization.SincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,thePartyCentralCommitteewithDengXiaopingatthecorehasgraduallyopeneduparoadtobuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.For40years,theChinesepeoplehaveachievedworld-renownedconstructionachievementsalongthisroad.ThemeetingopenedthepreludetoChina'ssocialistreformandopeningup.InDecember1978,Chinabegantoembarkonthepathofreformandopeningup.
DengXiaopingsaid:"Anynation,acountry,mustlearnfromothernations,thestrengthsofothercountries,andtheiradvancedscienceandtechnology."SohefirstproposedtoimplementreformandopeningupinChina.HehasmadeanindeliblecontributiontoChina'sreformandopeningup,andisknownasthechiefdesignerofChina'ssocialistreform,openingupandmodernization!
Economicbackground
Economically,asof1978,althoughChina’sgrossnationalproductreached362.4billionyuan,itmorethandoubledfrom171.6billionyuanin1965.Theaverageincreaseratereached6.8%,andanindependent,completeindustrialsystemhasbeenestablished.However,thepeoplearestillpoor,thetechnologyisrelativelybackward,andaftertheCulturalRevolution,theCCPhasexperiencedacertaindegreeofcrisisofgovernanceandtrust.
Inordertoaccelerateeconomicdevelopmentassoonaspossible,thesecondgenerationofleadershipledbyDengXiaopingbegantosolvetheseproblemsonebyone,andtriedtochangethepeople’sdeep-rootedimageoftheCommunistPartyandsocialism.ThepurposeofthisreformmovementisOnthepremiseofmaintainingthesocialistsystem,changethemanagementsystemandpoliciesthatarenotsuitableforproductiondevelopmentinproduction,andestablishamarketeconomicsystemundersocialism.Theeconomicaspectofthisreformmadethefirstbreakthroughinruralareas,andthereformswerequicklyimplementedinvariouseconomicfieldsacrossthecountry.
DengXiaopingcametopowerforthethirdtime,tryingtocarryoutacomprehensivereformofthedomesticeconomicsystematthattime,andtryingtotransferChina’seconomicsystemfromaplannedeconomicsystemtoamarketeconomy.DengXiaoping’seffortsandreformattemptsIthasbeenenthusiasticallysupportedbythepeople.
Theplannedeconomy
Theplannedeconomywasonceconsideredtobeoneoftheeconomicsymbolsofsocialismandcommunism.Sincethe1950s,China’splannedeconomywasonceanearlystageinChina.TheeconomicrecoveryandinitialdevelopmentofChinahavemadeahugecontribution,butastimeprogresses,itsdrawbackshavebecomeincreasinglyobvious:
Guangzhou(2photos)
1.Thecontrolofthedomesticeconomyhasreachedanastonishingdegree.Thegovernmentandenterpriseshavenoseparationofresponsibilities,ignoringthelawofvalueandtheroleofmarketregulation;everythingisplannedastheoutline,unabletomeettheneedsofconsumergroups,restrictingthedevelopmentofthecommodityeconomy,andbecomingthelargestinChina’seconomicdevelopment.bottleneck.2.Thequantityofgoodsproducedisintheplan,andthepurchaseofgoodsalsorequirescorrespondingcommoditytickets(forexample,thepurchaseofgrainrequirescorrespondingfoodtickets),whichmakesitdifficultforconsumerstobuythegoodstheyneedeveniftheyhavemoney.
3.Bothindustrialandagriculturalproductionandcommoditymanagementarecompulsorypublicownershipofthemeansofproduction.Individualsarenotallowedtoholdprivateproperty,andalllaborachievementswillbedividedequally.Thisresultsinproducersnotinterestedinexpandingproductionandlargelylosingtheirenthusiasmforlabor.Onlyrelyingon"bigpotofrice"tolivealifehaslostthemotivationtodeveloptheeconomy.
Theonlywaytogo
I.Thestatusquoofthecountryneedstobechangedatthattime
The"CulturalRevolution"leftaseriousimpactonthecountry.Thesituation:slowdevelopmentofproductivity,unresolvedfoodandclothingforthepeople,backwardtechnologyandeducation,etc.Thissituationcannotbechangedwithoutchanging.Howtochange?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
Second,Chinaneedsasecondrevolution
NewChinawasfoundedandthenewdemocraticrevolutionwascompleted.However,afterthefoundingofNewChina,thehighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemestablishedbytheSovietUnionhadseriouslyhinderedthedevelopmentofChina'sproductiveforces.Chinaneedsasecondrevolutiontoliberatetheproductiveforces.Thissituationcannotbechangedwithoutchanging.Howtochange?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
3.Thesocialistsystemneedsself-improvementanddevelopment
Eachhistoricalstageofthesocialistsocietyneedstobekeptinatimelymannerinaccordancewiththerequirementsofeconomicdevelopment.Promotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystemandmakethesocialistsystemfullofvigorandvitality.Wheredoesthevitalityandvitalitycomefrom?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
4.Newideasareneededtorealizesocialistmodernization
Thenewideasaretoestablishandcontinuouslyimprovethesocialistmarketeconomicsystem,andactivelyandsteadilyadvancethepoliticalsystemReform,developsocialistdemocracy,buildsocialistpoliticalcivilization,andpromoteculturalsystemreform.Whereisthenewidea?Thereisonlyoneanswer:reform.
Formationprocess
Reformbegan
DengXiaoping(3photos)
FengyangCounty,AnhuiProvincebefore1978XiaogangVillageisawell-known"three-reliantvillage"inthecountywhere"fooddependsonresale,moneydependsonrelief,andproductiondependsonloans".Almosteveryfamilygoesouttobegforfoodaftertheautumnharvesteveryyear.OnNovember24,1978,18farmersinXiaogangVillage,withthecouragetobethefirstintheworld,pressed18handprintsandsetupaproductionresponsibilitysystem,whichopenedthepreludetoChina'sruralreform.Perhapsitisacoincidenceofhistory-shortlyafterthesefarmerspressedtheirfingerprints,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasgrandlyopenedintheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing.Ataseverehistoricaljunctureconcerningthecountry’sdestinyandfuture,China’stoppoliticiansandfarmersatthebottom,representedbyDengXiaoping,jointlyopenedanewpageinhistory.XiaogangVillagethusbecamethebirthplaceofChina'sruralreforms.EmancipatingtheMind
OnMay11,1978,thefrontpageof"GuangmingDaily"publishedaspecialcommentator'sarticle"PracticeistheOnlyStandardforTestingTruth",whichtriggeredanationwideeventabouttruth.Bigdiscussionofstandardsissues.UndertheleadershipandsupportoftheoldergenerationofproletarianrevolutionariessuchasDengXiaoping,andrelyingontheclosecooperationoftheoreticalcircles,thepress,andcomradesengagedinpracticalwork,thisdiscussionfinallybrokethroughtheshacklesofthe"twowhatevers"andbecamethethirdpartyofthe11thParty.TheCentralPlenarySessionre-establishedtheMarxistideologicallineandmadetheoreticalandpublicopinionpreparations,whichhadamajorandfar-reachinginfluenceinthehistoricalprocessofthepartyandthecountry.
TospeedupChina'seconomicdevelopment,wemustfurtheremancipateourminds,acceleratethepaceofreformandopeningup,andnotbeconstrainedbysomeabstractdisputesabout"society"and"capital".Inorderforsocialismtogaintheadvantagescomparedwithcapitalism,itmustboldlyabsorbandlearnfromalltheadvancedmanagementmethodsandmanagementmethodsthatreflectthegenerallawsofmodernsocializedproductionandcommodityeconomyfromallcountriesintheworld,includingdevelopedcapitalistcountries.Foreigncapital,resources,technology,talents,andtheprivateeconomyasausefulsupplementshouldandcanbeusedbysocialism.Thegovernmentisinthehandsofthepeopleandthereisastrongpubliceconomy.Thiswillnotharmsocialism,butwillonlybenefitthedevelopmentofsocialism.
DengXiaopingandthesuccessorsofhisideasandotherreformistshavewithstoodtheattacksfromdomesticconservativesandsuccessfullysetreformandopeningupasoneofthecornerstonesofthePeople’sRepublicofChina’spolicy,irreversiblyBringChinaintotheworldeconomyandcloselyintegratewiththeworldeconomy.From1978to2000,thePeople’sRepublicofChinawentfromacountrywith200millionpeoplelivingbelowthepovertylineandisolatedfromtherestoftheworldtoaprosperousandpowerfuleconomywithanactivemarket.1/5ofthepoorpopulation.Chinaisalsoadvancingrapidlyontheroadtoindustrialization,becomingthenewworldfactory.Chinahassuccessfullyrealizedthetransformationfromaplannedeconomytoamarketeconomy.Theoutputvalueoftheprivateeconomyhassurpassedthestate-ownedeconomyintotal,andhasbecomeanimportantdrivingforceforChina'seconomicgrowth.TheintroductionofforeigninvestmenthasalsobecomeanimportantwayforChina'seconomicgrowth.Chinahasattractedthelargestamountofforeigninvestmentintheworld(theintroductionoffundsfromHongKong,MacaoandTaiwanisalsocountedasforeigninvestment).
TheideologyofChinesesocietyhasalsobeguntochange.People’sviewshavegraduallydiversified,andthephenomenonof"Internetpublicopinion"hasemergedinlargenumbers.MostChinesepeoplepreferpeaceful,stableandrapideconomicdevelopment,ratherthanwillingToomanycommentsonideologyandpartypolitics.Regardingfreedomofspeech,exceptforincitingtooverthrowstatepower,underminingsocialstability,leakingstatesecrets,instigatingethniccontradictions,spreadingsecession,propagatingcults,andfeudalsuperstitions,otherspeechesarestillprohibited.Twogenerationsofleaders,JiangZeminandHuJintao,inheritedDengXiaoping'slineofreformandopeningup.JiangZemin's"ThreeRepresents"andHuJintao's"HarmoniousSociety"and"ScientificOutlookonDevelopment"furtherinterpret"SocialismwithChineseCharacteristics."
PolicyFormation
In1978,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeofthePartymadeamajordecisiontoimplementreformandopeningup.
In1979,thePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilapprovedGuangdongandFujiantoimplement"specialpoliciesandflexiblemeasures"inforeigneconomicactivities,anddecidedtopilotspecialeconomiczonesinShenzhen,Zhuhai,Xiamen,andShantou.GuangdongProvincebecameoneofthefirstprovincesinthecountrytoopentotheoutsideworld.OnApril13,1988,theSeventhNationalPeople'sCongresspassedaresolutionontheestablishmentoftheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,establishingtheHainanSpecialEconomicZone.ThesuccessfulestablishmentofspecialeconomiczonessuchasShenzhenhasaccumulatedexperienceforfurtheropeningupandhasstronglypromotedtheprocessofChina'sreform,openingupandmodernization.
AftertheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteein1978,thenationaleconomyenteredaperiodofadjustment.InSeptember1979,theFourthPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteepassedthe"DecisiononSeveralIssuesConcerningAcceleratingAgriculturalDevelopment",allowingfarmerstoensuretheiroperationalautonomyandgivefullplaytotheirproductionenthusiasmundertheguidanceofthenationalunifiedplan,adaptingmeasurestotimeandlocalconditions.
OnAugust18,1980,DengXiaopingdeliveredaspeechentitled"ReformofthePartyandStateLeadershipSystem"attheenlargedmeetingofthePoliticalBureauoftheCentralCommittee,whichpointedoutthedirectionforthereformofChina'spoliticalsysteminthenewera.
InSeptember1980,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaissued"SeveralIssuesRegardingFurtherStrengtheningandImprovingtheAgriculturalProductionResponsibilitySystem",whichaffirmedthesocialistnatureofcontractingproductiontohouseholds.
Bythebeginningof1983,theruralhouseholdcontractresponsibilitysystemwithjointoutputwaspromotednationwide.
InApril1984,theCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncildecidedtofurtheropenupthe14citiesofDalian,Qinhuangdao,Tianjin,Yantai,Qingdao,Lianyungang,Nantong,Shanghai,Ningbo,Wenzhou,Fuzhou,Guangzhou,Zhanjiang,andBeihai.Portcity.Graduallyestablisheconomicandtechnologicaldevelopmentzones.
InOctober1984,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheTwelfthCentralCommitteeofthePartysystematicallyproposedandclarifiedaseriesofmajortheoreticalandpracticalissuesinthereformoftheeconomicsystem,confirmingthatChina’ssocialisteconomyisbasedonpublicownership.Theplannedcommodityeconomyisaprogrammaticdocumentforcomprehensiveeconomicsystemreform.Thereformofthepoliticalsystemandthereformoftheeconomicsystemarebasicallycarriedoutsimultaneously.
Inthemid-1980s,reformsinvariousfieldsincludingscienceandtechnology,education,andcultureinChinaalsostarted.
Since1985,economicopenzoneshavebeenopenedupintheYangtzeRiverDelta,thePearlRiverDelta,SoutheasternFujianandtheBohaiRim.
TheHainanSpecialEconomicZonewasaddedin1988,makingHainanthelargestspecialeconomiczoneinChina.
In1990,thePartyCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilmadethedecisiontodevelopandopenupthePudongNewAreainShanghaifromthelong-termstrategyofChina'seconomicdevelopment.AnewsituationhasemergedinChina'sopeningtotheoutsideworld.
Openinguppattern
I.OpeninguppatternofChina
China’sopeninguphasdevelopedfromthecoasttotheinland,formingaspecialeconomiczone-Coastalopencities-coastaleconomicopenareas-inland,suchaall-round,multi-level,wide-areaopeningpattern.
Second,China’s6SpecialEconomicZones
Shenzhen(327.5squarekilometers)
ZhuhaiCity(121squarekilometers)
XiamenCity(131squarekilometers)
ShantouCity(2064squarekilometers)
HainanIsland(33920squarekilometers)
Kashgar
Shenzhenhasbuiltamodernandprosperouscityinjustafewyearsafteritwasopenedasaspecialeconomiczone.IthasbecomearepresentativeofChina'sspecialeconomiczoneandisknownasthe"window"ofChina'sopeningtotheoutsideworld.
TheHainanSpecialEconomicZoneistheonlyprovincial-levelspecialeconomiczoneinthecountryandthelargestspecialeconomiczoneinChina.OnApril13,1988,thefirstsessionoftheSeventhNationalPeople’sCongresspassedaresolutionontheestablishmentoftheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,delineatingHainanIslandastheHainanSpecialEconomicZone,implementingamoreopenandflexiblesystemandpoliciesthanotherspecialeconomiczonesinChina,andauthorizingtheHainangovernmenttochangeGreatautonomy.
3.China'sopenports
Portsareports,airports,stations,passages,etc.forpeople,goodsandvehiclestoenterandexitthecountry.Portsaredividedintofirst-classportsandsecond-classports.
1.ClassIports:
ClassIportsrefertoportsapprovedtoopenbytheStateCouncil(includingcentrallymanagedportsandsomeportsmanagedbyprovinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment);ClassIIPortsrefertoportsapprovedtobeopenedandmanagedbytheprovincialpeople'sgovernment;
2.ClassIIports:
1.Relyingonotherportstosendpeopletotheloadingandunloadingpoints,startingpoints,anddeliverypointsofforeigntradetransportationofnationalvesselsforentryandexitinspectionprocedures;
2.Portsforbordersmall-scaletradeandpersonnelexchangeswithlocalgovernmentsofneighboringcountries;
3.Entryandexitportsrestrictedtoborderresidents.
TherearethreemaintypesofportsthatChinaopenstotheoutsideworld,namely,water(sea)ports,land(rail,public)ports,andaviation(airport)ports.
Airport:
Lhasa,Tianjin,Dalian,Shenyang,Changchun,Mudanjiang,Hangzhou,Fuzhou,Qingdao
Wuhan,Shenzhen,Meizhou,Sanya,Hailar,Nanchang,Guiyang,Shantou,HarbinWuyiMountain,Luoyang,Hohhot,Hefei,Changsha,Zhangjiajie,Guangzhou,Zhanjiang
Haikou,Nanning,Chengdu,Kunming,Shijiazhuang,Xi’an,Lanzhou,Wenzhou,Guilin,Beihai,Chongqing,Xishuangbanna,Urumqi,Qiqihar,Jiamusi,Jinan,Yantai
KashgarYanji,Shanghai,Ningbo,Huangshan,Xiamen,Weihai,Yichang,Yinchuan,Beijing,Nanjing
Railwayport:
Tumen,Dongguan,Guangzhou,Hekou,Dandong,Suifenhe,Pingxiang,Alashankou,Manzhouli,Shenzhen,Foshan,Zhaoqing,Hunchun,Ji’an,Erenhot,Harbin,Zhengzhou
HighwayPort:
QuanheHuanggangDongningWenjinduHengqinYouyiguanShuikouRuiliwandingGanqimaoRoadLinjiangNanpingMishanJilongTurgateShatoujiaoGongbeiRiverSourceDongxingJinshuiRiverCamphorTreePulanHongqiLapuHorgosMazongMountainSanheHunchunMohanTianbaotaKeshikenArihasatKaishantunMengdingTengchongYierkeshitanmuzhaltDuratabaktujimuNaiaheitubek,Hongshanzui,WulastaiLaoyeTemple,CekezhuengadabuqisuifenheLongbangAlashankou
TenCombinations
Sincethereformandopeningup,ourpartyandthecountryWhileachievingworld-renownedachievementsinsocialistmodernization,ithascreatedandaccumulatedawealthofpracticalexperience.Basedonthesummaryoftheexperienceofreformandopeningupatthe13thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyHowcanalargedevelopingcountrywithmorethanonebillionpeoplegetridofpoverty,acceleratetherealizationofmodernization,consolidateanddevelopsocialism,sumupthevaluableexperienceofthe"tencombinations"inanall-roundandvigorousmanner.
ThefirstcombinationisthatChina’sreformandopeningupcansucceed,thekeyisnottolosethe"oldancestors",butalsotodevelopthe"oldancestors";notonlycontinuetocreatenewprospectsforcareerdevelopment,butalsocontinuetoopenupThenewrealmofMarxisttheory.Thiscombinationhaspromotedtheliberationofpeople'sideasandsocialproductiveforces.
ThesecondcombinationisthatChinesesocialismcanshowvigorandvitalityinthenewerabecauseitisasocialismthatimplementsreformandopeningup;thereasonwhyChina’sreformandopeningupcandevelophealthilyliesinItisconducivetotheconsolidationanddevelopmentofsocialistreformandopeningup.Thiscombinationhascreatedatrulyactivesocialismandcreatedasocialismthatwillfurtherbenefitthepeople.
Thethirdcombinationisthatinthereformandopeningup,wenotonlyrelyonthestrongleadershipofthepartyandthegovernment,butalsorespectthegrassrootspeople,especiallythelocalreforminitiative.SuchacombinationenablesChinatoeffectivelymaintaintheharmonyandunityofthecountryandtheintegrationofsocietyunderthecircumstanceofdiversifiedinterestscausedbyreformandopeningup.
Thefourthcombinationisthatthenewsystemofsocialistmarketeconomy,asanunprecedentedinitiative,iscloselyconnectedwiththebasicsystemofsocialism.Thiscombinationmakesthesocialistmarketeconomyasystemmodelthatnotonlyconformstothegeneralrequirementsofthemarketeconomy,butalsoconformstothenatureanddirectionofsocialism.
Thefifthcombinationisthatweattachimportancetobotheconomicsystemreformandthesuperstructurereformincludingpoliticalsystemreform;andinadvancingthepoliticalsystemreform,theexpansionofdemocracyiscombinedwiththeimprovementofthelegalsystem.Combined.Thiscombinationhascreatedapoliticalsystemmodelthathasboththeadvantagesofdemocracyandcentralism.
Thesixthcombinationisthat,intheprocessofreform,openingupandmodernization,Chinanotonlyattachesimportancetothedevelopmentof"materials",thatis,thedevelopmentofsocialproductivity,butalsoattachesimportancetothedevelopmentof"people",thatis,theimprovementofthecivilizedqualityofthewholepeople..Suchacombinationunitestheoveralldevelopmentofhumanbeingswiththeoverallprogressofsocietyinthepracticeofmodernization.
Theseventhcombinationsaysthat,intheleadershipofreform,openingupandmodernization,thepartytimelycombinesthepromotionofdevelopmentandefficiencywiththeemphasisonsocialfairnessandthepromotionofsocialharmony.SuchacombinationnotonlykeepsChinesesocietyfullofcreativevitality,butalsohelpstoavoidpolarizationandachievecommonprosperity.
TheeighthcombinationsaysthatChina,alargedevelopingcountrywithapopulationofmorethanonebillion,cannotdevelopwithoutparticipatingineconomicglobalization,letaloneindependence.Thiscombinationenablesustomakegooduseofbothdomesticandinternationalmarketsandresourcesatthesametime,andachievemutualbenefit,inclusiveness,andwin-winresultsinequalcompetitionthatseeksadvantagesandavoidsdisadvantages.
Theninthcombinationisthat,inthecourseofreformandopeningup,Chinapaysattentiontothecoordinationoftherelationshipbetweenreformintensity,developmentspeedandsocialaffordability,andtheimprovementofpeople’slivesisanimportantintegrationpointfordealingwiththerelationshipbetweenthesethree..Suchacombinationnotonlyavoidsthesevereeconomicrecessionandviolentsocialshocksthathaveoccurredinmanytransitionalcountries,butalsoenablestheresultsofreformanddevelopmenttotrulybenefitallpeople.
Thetenthcombinationsaysthatourpartycombinesthetransformationoftheobjectiveworldwiththetransformationofthesubjectiveworldtoprovideastrongpoliticalandorganizationalguaranteeforreform,openingup,andmodernization.ThiscombinationnotonlypromotesthegreatcauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,butalsoadvancesthegreatnewprojectofpartybuilding,therebycontinuouslyimprovingtheparty'sleadership,governance,andabilitytoresistcorruptionandpreventdegeneration.
Statistics
ThelistofGDPinMainlandChinafrom1980to2010(convertedtoUSdollarsatinternationalexchangerates),takenfromtheWorldBankdatabase
(Note:BecauseChinaMainlandChinaimplementedexchangeratecontrols.TheRMBdepreciatedsharplyinthemid-1980s,soin1976,whenGDPwasconvertedintoUSdollars,thevaluedeclined)
1973 | 7.8% | ||
1974 | 2.3% | ||
1975 | 8.7% | ||
1976 | -1.6% | ||
1977 | 7.6% | ||
1978 | 365billion | 11.7% | 17% |
1979 | 4068billion | 7.6% | 18% |
1980 | 184,516,266,711 | 7.8% | 20% |
1981 | 194,111,112,580 | 5.2% | 21% |
1982 | 203,183,214,982 | 8.9% | 22% | tr>
1983 | 228,455,947,880 | 10.8% | 22% |
1984 | 257,432,147,241 | 15.1% | 23% |
1985 | 306,666,660,698 | 13.4% | 24% |
1986 | 297,831,879,942 | 8.9% | 25% | tr>
1987 | 270,372,194,997 | 11.7% | 26% |
1988 | 309,522,625,242 | 11.2% | 27% |
1989 | 343,973,680,226 | 4.2% | 27% |
1990 | 356,936,901,184 | 3.9% | 28% |
1991 | 379,468,656,246 | 9.3% | 29% |
1992 | 422,660,918,111 | 14.2% | 30% |
1993 | 440,500,898,965 | 13.9% | 30% |
1994 | 559,224,707,281 | 13.1% | 31% |
1995 | 728,007,199,936 | 10.9% | 32% | tr>
1996 | 856,084,729,312 | 9.9% | 33% |
1997 | 952,652,693,079 | 9.2% | 34% |
1998 | 1,019,458,585,326 | 7.8% | 35% |
1999 | 1,083,277,930,360 | 7.7% | 36% |
2000 | 1,198,474,934,199 | 8.5% | 37% |
2001 | 1,324,806,914,358 | 8.3% | 38% |
2002 | 1,453,827,554,714 | 9.1% | 39% |
2003 | 1,640,958,732,775 | 10.0% | 39% |
2004 | 1,931,644,331,142 | 10.1% | 40% |
2005 | 2,256,902,590,825 | 11.4% | 41% |
2006 | 2,712,950,886,698 | 12.7% | 42% |
2007 | 3,494,055,944,791 | 14.2% | 43% |
2008 | 4,521,827,288,304 | 9.7% | 44% |
2009 | 4,991,256,406,735 | 9.4% | 45% |
2010 | 5,926,612,009,750 | 10.6% | 50% |
2011 | 484124billion | 9.5% | 51% |
2012 | 534123billion | 7.9% | 52% |
2013 | 588019billion | 7.8% | 53% |
2014 | 635910billion | 7.3% | 54% |
2015 | 676708billion | 6.9% | 56% |
2016 | 74trillion | 6.7% | 57% |
2017 | 82trillion | 6.9% | 57% |
Existingproblems
Inthepast40years,China’sreformandopeninguphasmadegreatachievements.Atthesametime,therearealsothelackoftop-leveldesign,thelackoftop-leveldesign,andtheinconsistencyandinconsistency.Focusingonimprovingtheinternationaldevelopmentenvironmentandotherissues,thereisanurgentneedtostrengthenthesystemintegrationofreformandopeningmeasuresinallaspects.Promotingreformbyopeningupisthebasicexperienceofmycountry'sreformandopeningup.Thesecretofitssuccessliesintheintroductionofexternalsupervisionforcorporategovernanceandgovernmentgovernancebyactivelyintegratingintotheworldmarkettoimprovegovernanceefficiency.However,overthepast40years,neitherthemacro-mediumnorthemicro-levelexternalsupervisioncreatedbyreformsistrulyexternal.Themainbodyofsupervisionistoacertainextentonlytheembodimentofthegovernor,notthemainbodyfromoutsidethegovernancesystem.Theproblemofinefficiencystillcannotbemet.Toachieveafundamentalsolution,itisurgenttodeepenreformsinanall-roundway.The"OneBelt,OneRoad"strategyisnotonlythegeneralprogramofmycountry'sopeninguptotheoutsideworld,butalsothegeneralkeytocomprehensivelydeepeningreforms.Byintegratingintointernationalgovernanceanddevelopingstate-ownedenterprises’transnationalpropertyrightscooperation,theimplementationofthe“OneBeltOneRoad”strategywilleffectivelyavoidthelimitationsof“Westernexperience”,preventgovernanceitselffrombeingdispelledbythe“short-sighted”market,andadheretothe“fourbasicprinciples”.mycountry’seconomicgovernance,nationalgovernance,andsocialgovernancehavefurtherintroducedsupervisorybodiesfromoutsidethegovernancesystemtocreatestrongandmoreeffectiveexternalsupervisionandfundamentallysolvetheproblemofgovernanceefficiency.Atpresent,inthecontextoftheneweconomicnormalandthe"idle"ofreforms,itisurgenttostrengthentheconstructionofanewopeneconomicsystemledbythe"BeltandRoad"strategy,andcomprehensivelypromotethereformanddevelopmentofvariousfieldsinChina,especiallythesupply-sidereform.
State-ownedenterprisereform
Inthestate-ownedenterprisereform,alargenumberofenterprisebankruptciesandmanagerialpersonnelembezzlementofstate-ownedassetshaveoccurred.Somestate-ownedenterpriseshavebeenacquiredbymanagers,resultinginalargenumberofworkersbeinglaidoff.
Educationreform
Aftertheuniversity’sexpansionin1998,becauseChinaisinthesecondaryindustryandlabor-intensiveindustries,themarketdemandedalargenumberofworkersinsteadofcollegestudentsandskilledworkers.Alargenumberofuniversitygraduatesareunemployed.Inaddition,afterthereformandopeningup,duetotheweakeconomicstrengthofthecentralandwesternregions,alargenumberofexcellentteachersflowedtotheeasterncoastalareas.
HousingReform
Theabolitionofwelfarehousingallocationinthemid-1990s,China'scommercialhousingmarketbegantodeveloprapidly.Withthetaxreformin1993,thecentralgovernmentcollected70%oflocaltaxes,butexpendituresforcompulsoryeducation,infrastructure,andmedicalcarewerestilllocal,andthelocalgovernmentscouldonlyrelyonalargenumberofauctionsoflandtomakeupfortheirfinancialshortfalls.Duetotheinfluxoflandfinanceandbankfunds,housingpriceshaveskyrocketed.
Thegapbetweentherichandthepoor
AccordingtotheBritishReutersreport,theNationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaannouncedthatChina’sGinicoefficientreached0.474in2012and0.491in2008.Sincethereformandopeningup,China’sGDPhasexperiencedexplosivegrowth,buttheproportionofwagesinGDPhasbeendeclining,from56.18%in1985to43.12%in2007,adeclinefor22consecutiveyears.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorledtomanymassincidents,suchastheWeng'anincidentinGuizhouandtheZhiliincidentinHuzhou.
>Memorabilia
From1978to2018,atotalof40years.
Memorabilia(7photos)
1.TheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteewasheldin1978December18,1978Onthe22nd,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeofthePartywasheldinBeijing.Themeetingmadethedecisiontoshiftthefocusofworktosocialistmodernizationandimplementreformandopeningup;re-establishtheMarxistideological,political,andorganizationalline,andourcountryhasenteredaneweraofsocialistmodernization.
2.Theestablishmentofspecialeconomiczonesin1979
OnJuly15,1979,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilapprovedtheThereportontheimplementationofspecialpoliciesandflexiblemeasuresforeconomicactivitiesdecidedtosetuppilotspecialzonesinShenzhen,Zhuhai,ShantouandXiamen.OnAugust13,theStateCouncilissuedthe"RegulationsonSeveralIssuesConcerningVigorouslyDevelopingForeignTradeandIncreasingForeignExchangeIncome".Themaincontentistoexpandtheforeigntradeauthorityoflocalitiesandenterprises,encourageincreasedexports,andsetupexportspecialzones.OnMay16,1980,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilapprovedthe"MinutesoftheMeetingofGuangdongandFujianProvinces"andnamedthem"SpecialEconomicZones."
3.Theestablishmentofthehouseholdcontractresponsibilitysystemin1982
OnJanuary1,1982,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaapprovedandapprovedthe"MinutesoftheNationalRuralWorkConference",Pointedoutthatthevariousresponsibilitysystemsimplementedinruralareas,includingfixed-rateremunerationforsmall-scalecontracting,professionalcontractingandco-productionremuneration,co-productiontolabor,contractingtohouseholds,andgroups,etc.,aretheproductionresponsibilitysystemofthesocialistcollectiveeconomy;1983ThecentralgovernmentissuedadocumentstatingthatthejointproductioncontractsystemisagreatcreationofChinesefarmersundertheleadershipoftheparty,andanewdevelopmentoftheMarxistagriculturalco-operativetheoryinChina'spractice.
4.Proposedplannedcommodityeconomyin1984
OnOctober20,1984,theThirdPlenarySessionofthe12thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldinBeijing.Themeetingunanimouslyadoptedthe"DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonEconomicSystemReform",whichclearlystatedthatthefurtherimplementationofthepolicyofinvigoratingtheeconomyinternallyandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,andacceleratingthepaceoftheentireeconomicsystemreformfocusingoncitiesisthedevelopmentofthecurrentsituationinChina.urgentneed.ThebasictaskofreformistoestablishasocialisteconomicsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,fullofvigorandvitality,andtopromotethedevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces.
5.1986EnterprisesownedbythewholepeopleReformstarted
December5,1986,TheStateCouncilissuedthe"RegulationsonDeepeningEnterpriseReformandEnhancingEnterpriseVitality."The"Regulations"proposethatsmallenterprisesownedbythewholepeoplecanactivelytryoutleasingandcontractingoperations.Largeandmedium-sizedenterprisesownedbythewholepeoplemustimplementvariousformsofoperatingresponsibilitysystems.Localitiescanchooseafewqualifiedlargeandmedium-sizedenterprisesownedbythewholepeopletoconductjoint-stockpilotprojects.
6.In1987,thebasicrouteof"onecenter,twobasicpoints"wasproposed
October25th-November1st,1987,ChinaThe13thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartywasheld.ZhaoZiyangmadeareporton"AlongtheRoadofSocialismwithChineseCharacteristics".Thereportelaboratedonthetheoryoftheprimarystageofsocialismandproposedtheparty’sbasiclineof"onecenterandtwobasicpoints"intheprimarystageofsocialism:economicconstructionasthecenter,fourbasicprinciplesasthefoundationofthecountry,andreformandopeningupasthefoundation.Theroadtoastrongcountry.Ithasformulatedathree-stepdevelopmentstrategytoachievemodernizationbythemiddleofthenextcentury,andputforwardthetaskofreformingthepoliticalsystem.
7.In1988,"Scienceandtechnologyaretheprimaryproductiveforces"wasproposed
DengXiaopingmetwithCzechoslovakPresidentHusakonSeptember5,1988,Putforwardthefamousthesisthat"scienceandtechnologyaretheprimaryproductiveforces".OnMarch13,1985,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinamadethe"DecisionontheReformoftheScienceandTechnologySystem."The"Decision"pointedoutthatmodernscienceandtechnologyarethemostactiveanddecisivefactorinthenewsocialproductiveforces,andthewholepartymustattachgreatimportancetoandgivefullplaytothetremendousroleofscienceandtechnology.Atthesametime,themaintasksofthecurrentscientificandtechnologicalsystemreformarestipulated.
8.Theestablishmentofthesocialistmarketeconomicsystemreformgoalin1992
October12-18,1992,the14thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaThecongresswasheldinBeijing.JiangZeminmadeareporton"Acceleratingthepaceofreform,openingup,andmodernization,andwinninggreatervictoriesinthecauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics."Thereportsummarized14yearsofpracticalexperiencesincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,anddecidedtoseizetheopportunitytoacceleratedevelopment;determinedthatthegoalofChina’seconomicsystemreformwastoestablishasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;andproposedusingComradeDengXiaopingtobuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Armthewholeparty.TheCongresspassedthe"ConstitutionoftheCommunistPartyofChina(Amendment)",whichincludedthetheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandtheparty'sbasiclineintothepartyconstitution.Forthefirsttimeintheparty'shistory,thegoalmodelforestablishingasocialistmarketeconomicsystemwasclearlyputforward.
9.Establishedin1993ModernEnterpriseSystem
FromNovember11toNovember14,1993,theThirdPlenarySessionofthe14thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheld.Theplenumpassedthe"DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSeveralIssuesConcerningtheEstablishmentofaSocialistMarketEconomicSystem."Theplenumpointedoutthatthesocialistmarketeconomicsystemisintegratedwiththebasicsocialistsystem.
10.Reformofthefiscalandtaxationsystemin1993
OnDecember15,1993,theStateCouncilmadeadecisionontheimplementationofatax-sharingfiscalmanagementsystem.OnDecember25,1993,theStateCouncilmadethe"DecisiononFinancialSystemReform."
11.1994ComprehensiveReformoftheForeignTradeSystem
OnJanuary11,1994,theStateCouncilmadethe"DecisiononFurtherDeepeningtheReformoftheForeignTradeSystem",PutsforwardthatthegoalsofChina’sforeigntradesystemreformare:unifiedpolicies,openoperations,equalcompetition,self-financing,integrationofindustryandtrade,theimplementationofanagencysystem,andtheestablishmentofanoperatingmechanismthatadaptstotheprevailingrulesoftheinternationaleconomy.
12.Themedicalandhousingmarket-orientedreformswereimplementedin1992and1994
In1985,underthebackgroundofChina’sreformandopeningup,themedicalandhealthsystemAlsostartedtheprocessofreform.Thecoreideaofthemedicalreformistodecentralizepowerandtransferprofitsandexpandtheautonomyofhospitals.Thegovernment'sattitudetowardsthehealthcarereformis:givenomoneytothepolicy.Itspolicyisthatthepriceofmedicinescanbeincreasedby15%tomakeupforthelackofgovernmentinput.Inthe1990s,medicalreformmadewavesagain.InSeptember1992,theMinistryofHealth,basedontheopinionoftheStateCouncil,proposedthathospitalsshould"helpdoctorswithwork"and"subsidizethechiefwithdeputy."In2000,thereformgraduallydevelopedindepth,touchingondeep-seatedissuessuchassystem,mechanism,andstructure.InMarch2000,theGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilforwardedthe"GuidingOpinionsontheReformoftheUrbanMedicalandHealthSystem"oftheeightministriesandcommissions,commonlyknownasthe"14Articles"ofthemedicalreform;inMay2001,theGeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilforwardedthe"RegulationsontheRuralMedicalandHealthSystemGuidingOpinionsonReform.
13.Housingmarketizationreform
OnJuly18,1994,theStateCouncilmadethe"DecisiononDeepeningtheReformoftheUrbanHousingSystem",clarifyingthebasiccontentofthereformoftheurbanhousingsystem,includingtheThemethodofdistributionwaschangedtoamonetarywagedistributionbasedondistributionaccordingtowork,theestablishmentofahousingprovidentfundsystem,andsoon.Thepromulgationofthe"Decision"openedthedoortothecommercializationofurbanhousing,markingtheestablishmentofChina'scomprehensivehousingmarketizationreform.Itsgreatestsignificanceistosteadilypromotethesaleofpublichousing.Throughthesaleoforiginalpublichousingtourbanemployees,ithasgraduallycompletedTheprocessofprivatizationofhousinginChina.OnJuly3,1998,theStateCouncilissuedthe"NoticeoftheStateCouncilonFurtherDeepeningtheReformoftheUrbanHousingSystemandSpeedingupHousingConstruction."Itispreciselybecausethisdocumentabolishedthesystemofphysicaldistributionofhousingandclearedout"competitors"forthedevelopmentofcommercialhousing,therebyestablishingthemarket'sdominantpositionofcommercialhousing.
14.In1995,thegoalof"twofundamentalchanges"wasproposed
September25-28,1995,theFifthMiddleSchoolofthe14thCCPTheplenarymeetingwasheld.Theplenumpassedthe"RecommendationsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonFormulatingtheNinthFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentandLong-TermGoalsfor2010."The"Proposal"putsforwardthatthekeytoachievingtheNinthFive-YearPlanandthe2010long-termgoalsistoimplementtwofundamentalchangesofoverallsignificance.Oneisthetransformationoftheeconomicsystemfromatraditionalplannedeconomicsystemtoasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;Themodeofeconomicgrowthhaschangedfromextensivetointensive.
15.Significantprogresswasmadeinthereformoftheforeignexchangemanagementsystemin1996
OnDecember1,1996,ChinabegantoacceptArticle8oftheInternationalMonetaryFundAgreement,ImplementtheconvertibilityofRMBunderthecurrentaccount.
16.In1997,the15thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaproposedtheparty’sbasicprogramintheprimarystageofsocialism
9,1997From12thto18th,the15thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldinBeijing.ItsystematicallyandcompletelyputforwardanddiscussedtheParty’sbasicprogramintheprimarystageofsocialism:buildingasocialisteconomywithChinesecharacteristicsistobuildasocialisteconomy.Undertheconditionsofsocialism,developamarketeconomyandcontinuouslyliberateanddevelopproductiveforces;tobuildasocialistpoliticswithChinesecharacteristicsistogovernthecountrybylawanddevelopsocialistdemocraticpoliticsundertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandonthebasisofthepeoplebeingthemastersofthecountry;buildingasocialistdemocraticpoliticswithChinesecharacteristicsThesocialistcultureisguidedbyMarxism,withthegoalofcultivatingideal,ethical,educated,anddisciplinedcitizens,anddevelopingasocialistcultureofthemassesthatismodernized,world-oriented,andfuture-oriented,nationalandscientific..ThismeetingincorporatedDengXiaopingTheoryastheparty'sguidingideologyintothepartyconstitution.
17.Itwasclearin1999thatthenon-publicsectoroftheeconomyisanimportantpartofthesocialistmarketeconomy
Thereportofthe"15thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina"wasfirstproposedin1997"Thenon-publicownershipeconomyisanimportantpartofthesocialistmarketeconomy."
March5-15,1999,theSecondSessionoftheNinthNationalPeople'sCongresswasheldinBeijing.ThemeetingpassedanamendmenttotheConstitutionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,clarifyingthatthenon-publicownershipeconomyisanimportantpartofChina'ssocialistmarketeconomyandhasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces.
18.Proposedin1999StrategyfortheWesternDevelopment
OnMarch22,1999,"TheStateCouncil"SeveralOpinionsonLarge-scaleDevelopment"putforwardtenopinionstofurtherpromotethelarge-scaledevelopmentofthewesternregion.
19.In2001,ChinaofficiallybecameamemberoftheWTO
OnNovember11,2001,theWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)washeldinDoha,Qatar.TheFourthMinisterialConferencepassedthelegaldocumentofChina'saccessiontotheWTO,whichmarkedthatafter15yearsofhardwork,ChinafinallybecameanewmemberoftheWTO.ItmarksthatChina'sopeningtotheoutsideworldhasenteredanewstage.
20.In2002,the16thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaconfirmedcomprehensiveconstructionAwell-offsocietySociety'sstrugglegoal
The16thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaisbasedonthefoundationthatChinahassolvedtheproblemoffoodandclothingandthatthepeople’slivingstandardshavereachedawell-offlevel.Itfurtherputforwardtheconceptofbuildingawell-offsocietyinanall-roundway.Awell-offsocietywithahigherlevelofpopulationwillmaketheeconomymoredeveloped,democracymoresound,scienceandeducationmoreadvanced,culturemoreprosperous,societymoreharmonious,andpeople'slivesmoresubstantial.Atthismeeting,theimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents"waswrittenintothepartyconstitutionastheparty'sguidingideology.
21.In2003,revitalizetheNortheastandotheroldareasIndustrialBaseStrategyProposed
2003OnSeptember10,theexecutivemeetingoftheStateCouncilstudiedandimplementedthestrategyforrevitalizingthenortheastandotheroldindustrialbases,andputforwardtheguidingideology,principles,tasks,andpolicymeasuresforrevitalizingthenortheast.
22.In2004,the"NineArticlesoftheState"topromotethedevelopmentofthecapitalmarketwaspromulgated
OnJanuary31,2004,the"StateCouncil’sRegardingPromotingtheReformandOpeningofCapitalMarketSeveralOpinionsonEconomicandStableDevelopmentwereissued,clearlystatingthatvigorouslydevelopingthecapitalmarketisofgreatsignificancetoChina’sstrategicgoalofquadruplingthenationaleconomyinthefirst20yearsofthe21stcentury.
23.In2004,state-ownedcommercialbankscarriedoutjoint-stockreforms
BankofChinaCo.,Ltd.andChinaConstructionBankCo.,Ltd.wereheldonAugust26,2004respectively.DayandSeptember21wereestablished.Thetwowhollystate-ownedcommercialbankswererestructuredintostate-controlledjoint-stockcommercialbanksasawhole.
24.TheprotectionofprivatepropertywasincorporatedintotheConstitutionin2004
OnMarch14,2004,thefourthsessionoftheSecondSessionoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongresswasdeliberatedandapprovedTheconstitutionalamendment,"citizens'lawfulprivatepropertyshallnotbeviolated","thestaterespectsandprotectshumanrights"andothercontentsarewrittenintotheconstitution.Itmeetstheobjectiveneedsofprotectingprivateproperty,expandsthescopeofprotectionofprivateproperty,andfurtherimprovestheprivatepropertyprotectionsystem.Strengtheningtheprotectionofcitizens’legalprivatepropertyisconducivetoupholdingandimprovingthebasiceconomicsystem,andpromotingthedevelopmentofnon-publicownershipoftheeconomy;conducivetoguaranteeingtherealizationofcitizens’rightsandadvancingtheruleoflaw;conducivetomobilizingtheenthusiasmandcreativityofthebroadmassesofpeopleinacomprehensivemannerBuildawell-offsociety.
25.The2005AgriculturalTaxRegulationsRepealed
OnDecember29,2005,theNineteenthMeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongresspassedthe"RegardingtheRepeal"DecisionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonAgriculturalTaxRegulations",thenewChina'sagriculturaltaxregulationsthathavebeenimplementedfornearly50yearshavebeenabolishedinaccordancewiththelaw,andataxthathaslastedformorethantwothousandyearsinChinahascometoanend.
26.In2005,theconstructionofanewsocialistcountrysidewasproposed.NewsocialistcountrysideTheimportanthistoricaltask
2005OnOctober11,2005,theFifthPlenarySessionofthe16thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinapassedthe"ProposalsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonFormulatingtheEleventhFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment",whichclarifiedthegoalsandactionsforChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopmentinthenextfiveyears.Theprogramputsforwardthemajorhistoricaltaskofbuildinganewsocialistcountryside,andpointsoutthedirectionfordoingthe"threerural"workwellatpresentandforaperiodoftimeinthefuture.
27.In2005Share-tradingreformPilotstarted
ApprovedbytheStateCouncil,ChinaOnApril29,2005,theChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommissionissuedthe"NoticeonIssuesConcerningthePilotReformoftheEquityDivisionReformofListedCompanies",announcingthelaunchofthepilotprogramforthenon-tradableequityreform.
28.Madein2006BuildingasocialistharmonioussocietyMajordecisions
October2006TheSixthPlenarySessionofthe16thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaheldfrom8to11passedthe"DecisionsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonSeveralMajorIssuesinBuildingaHarmoniousSocialistSociety."Forthefirsttimeinthehistoryofourparty,"improvingtheabilitytobuildaharmonioussocialistsociety"isclearlyproposedasanimportantaspectoftheparty'sabilitytogovern.ThepropositionofthisimportantconclusionisanimportantenrichmentanddevelopmentofMarxisttheory,anditisanothertheoreticalsublimationofourpartyonwhatissocialismandhowtobuildsocialism.
29.In2007,the"PropertyLaw"waspromulgated
The"PropertyLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina"waspublishedinItwasadoptedbytheFifthSessionoftheTenthNationalPeople'sCongressonMarch16,2007,andcameintoforceonOctober1,2007.
30.TheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentwaswrittenintothePartyConstitutionin2007
Thescientificoutlookondevelopment,itsconnotationisacomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentoutlook,whichisrightTheinheritanceanddevelopmentoftheimportantthoughtsondevelopmentofthethreegenerationsofthecentralleadershipcollectiveofthepartyisaconcentratedexpressionoftheMarxistworldviewandmethodologyondevelopment,andisinthesamelineasMarxism-Leninism,MaoZedongThought,DengXiaopingTheoryandtheimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents"ScientifictheoriesthatkeeppacewiththetimesareanimportantguidingprincipleforChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopment,andamajorstrategicideathatmustbeadheredtoandimplementedtodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Incorporatingthescientificoutlookondevelopmentintothepartyconstitutionisthescientificpositioningofthescientificoutlookondevelopmentmadebythe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,anditisalsoanimportanthistoricalcontributionofthe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina.
Historicalnode
DengXiaoping’svisittotheUnitedStates
OnJanuary1,1979,ChinaandtheUnitedStatesformallyestablisheddiplomaticrelations,28Afterdays,DengXiaopingwasinvitedtovisittheUnitedStates.ThisisthefirstvisitbyaChineseleadertotheUnitedStatesafterthefoundingofNewChina.
SpecialZoneShenzhen
InAugust1980,the18thmeetingoftheFifthNationalPeople’sCongressdecidedtoapprovetheestablishmentofShenzhen,Zhuhai,ShantouandXiamenproposedbytheStateCouncil.Specialeconomiczoneshavethusbegunaneweraofreformandopeningupincoastalcities.
14coastalopencities
In1984,theCPCCentralCommitteedecidedtofurtheropen14coastalportcities:Dalian,Qinhuangdao,Tianjin,Yantai,Qingdao,Lianyungang,Nantong,Shanghai,Ningbo,Wenzhou,Fuzhou,Guangzhou,Zhanjiang,Beihai.TheyareconnectedtothefourspecialeconomiczonesofShenzhen,Zhuhai,Shantou,XiamenandHainanIslandfromnorthtosouth,andbecomethefrontierofChina'sopeninguptotheoutsideworld.
BasicNationalPolicyforFamilyPlanning
Asearlyas1957,ProfessorMaYinchu,thefirstpresidentofPekingUniversityinNewChina,recognizedChina’spopulationproblemandproposedInthenewpopulationtheory,hescreamed,"Controllingthepopulationisanurgentmatter."However,atthetime,someleadersofthecountrybelievedthat"Manypeoplemakethingseasier."Asaresult,"thewrongbatchofapersongavebirthtoseveralhundredmillionmore."In1980,thestateofficiallyestablished"familyplanning"asabasicnationalpolicy.
Hello,ComradeXiaoping
AttheNationalDayCeremonyin1984,peoplemayforgetthegrandmilitaryparadeorthesplendidfireworksshow,butpeoplewillnotforgettheparadeTheaspirationsoftheChinesepeoplefromthestudentsofPekingUniversity:"Hello,ComradeXiaoping."
OneMillionDisarmament
1985isChina's"disarmamentyear."TheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmyhaslaidoff1millionemployeesandhasmaintainedworldpeacewithitsownpracticalactions.
ShanghaiPudong
TheShanghaiPudongEconomicDevelopmentZone,establishedin1990,hasdevelopedveryrapidly.Afterashortperiodof10years,ShanghaiPudonghasbecomeanothermajoreconomicandfinancialcenterofChina.
Xiaoping’ssoutherntour
DengXiaoping’ssoutherntourinShanghaiisthe"southerntourspeech"(alsoknownasthesouthernspeech)
AfterComradeXiaoping’ssoutherntour,ChinachangedInthepast,theformulationoftheestablishmentofaplannedcommodityeconomyformallyproposedtheestablishmentanddevelopmentofasocialistmarketeconomy,bringingthereformtoanewroundofclimax.
50thAnniversaryoftheVictoryoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan
ChineseandJapaneseyouthsattheMemorialHalloftheChinesePeople'sWarofResistanceAgainstJapan
1995isthe50thanniversaryofthevictoryoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan.ProgressiveyouthsfromJapanbroughtthousandsofpapercranesthatsymbolizedpeacetotheWarMemorialoftheWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression.Theydisplayedthebannerof"ChinaandJapanhavebeenfriendlyforgenerationsandwillneverfightagain"toexpresstheircommonyearningforpeace.
ThreeGorgesProject
ThreeGorgesProject-RiverClosure
OnDecember14,1994,theThreeGorgesProjectofficiallystarted.Sincethen,theThreeGorgesComprehensiveWaterConservancyProject,whichhasundergonenearly40yearsofsurvey,design,andresearch,hasbeeninfullswing,andtheprojectwilllastfor17years.OnNovember8,1997,thefirstphaseoftheproject-theriverclosurewascompleted.
Beijing-KowloonRailway
OnNovember16,1995,theBeijing-KowloonRailwaywithatotallengthofmorethan2,500kilometerswasopenedtotraffic.DajingjiustartsfromBeijinginthenorth,andrunsthrough9provincesandcitiesinthesouthtoKowloon,creatingthefivehighestrailwayconstructionsinChina:thelongestroadconstructionatatime,themostinvestment,theshortestconstructionperiod,thelatesttechnologyandequipment,andthegeologyandtopographyoftheroute.Theconditionsarethemostcomplicated.
Restorethecollegeentranceexaminationsystem
In1977,therestorationofthecollegeentranceexaminationsysteminterruptedbytheCulturalRevolutionmadeChineseyoungpeoplewhohadbeendeprivedoftheiryouthfor10yearsrejoiced.Thisyear'scollegeentranceexaminationisheldinwinter.Itissaidthatbetween5.7millionand10millionpeoplesignedup.Intheend,273,000peoplewereadmittedacrossthecountry.The"GangofFour"theorythat"Iwouldratherhaveanuneducatedlaborerthananeducatedspiritualaristocrat"hasbecomealaughingstockinChinesehistory.
ForeignfriendslearnChineseculture
Afterthereformandopeningup,foreignfriendshavedevelopedakeeninterestinChineseculture.SomeofthempersonallycametoChinatotakeawalkandtakealook;somelearnedaboutChinathroughChinesebooksandfilms,andtheremarkableprogressofChina'stourismindustrybegantomovetowardsanewclimax.
CountryofRespectfortheAged
Sofar,China’sagingpopulationhasreachedmorethan100million.Whethertheagingproblemcanbedealtwithwellisrelatedtothewell-beingofeveryfamily.EspeciallyaftertheimplementationofthefamilyplaninChina,eachcouplewillhaveonlyonechild,whichmeansthatafterafewyears,thenextgenerationofonlychildrenwhogrowupwillbearfourelderlypeopleineachfamily.Thiswillbecomeaserioussocialproblem.
SichuanNizhongBuddhistCollege
TheSichuanNizhongBuddhistCollege,whichwasbornintheautumnof1984,isthefirstinstitutionofhigherlearninginChinatotrainchildrentolearnmonks.AftertheCulturalRevolution,theChinesegovernmentimplementedthe"FreedomofReligiousBelief"stipulatedintheConstitution,andreligiousundertakingshavebeenextensivelyprotectedanddevelopedrapidly.
ProjectHope
Childrenwhoareeagertoread
OnApril15,1991,the“ProjectHope-HundredThe"TenThousandLoveAction"hasbeenimplemented,andallsectorsofsocietyhavedonatedmoneyandmaterialstotheHopeProject,andcharityhasattractedunprecedentedattention.
TheFourthWorldConferenceonWomen
TheUnitedNationsFourthWorldConferenceonWomenwasheldinBeijinginthefallof1995.Inordertoachievethegoalofequalitybetweenmenandwomen,womenrepresentativesfromallcountriesfromthefivecontinentsoftheworldgatheredtogetherandpassedthe"BeijingDeclaration"and"PlatformofAction."
Fromtalkingabout"sex"colorchangetooilpaintingbodyartexhibition
Humanbodyoilpaintingworks
ForChinesepeoplewhohavealwaysbeentaboototalkabout"sex",The"OilPaintingBodyArtExhibition"heldattheNationalArtMuseumofChinainBeijingin1988wasastrongpsychologicalshock.Thenumberofvisitorsin18daysexceeded200,000,whichwasthehighestnumberofvisitorsinthehistoryofthemuseum.
BeijingPekingOperaTheatrewenttoTaiwantoperform
AgroupphotoofMeiBaojiu,ShiHongtu,YangShaochunandMr.ZhangXueliang.
TheperformancetroupetoTaiwanformedbytheBeijingPekingOperaTheaterperformed14performancesinTaipeifromApril12toMay1,1993,whichcausedahugesensation.Mr.ZhangXueliang,whoisinhis90s,watchedthedramathreetimesandtookagroupphotowiththeactors.
TheChineseWomen’sVolleyballTeamwonthechampionshipforthefirsttime
InNovember1981,theChineseWomen’sVolleyballTeamwonthethirdWomen’sVolleyballWorldCupwithaseven-matchvictory.champion.ThisisthefirsttimethatChinahaswontheworldchampionshipinthethreemajorworldbasketball,volleyballandfootballgames.Sincethen,theChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhaswonrepeatedlyandwonthe"fiveconsecutivechampionships".
"ZeroBreakthrough"attheOlympicGames
The23rdOlympicGames
Atthe23rdOlympicGamesheldinLosAngeles,USAin1984,theChinesedelegationwon15goldmedals,eightsilvermedals,andninebronzemedals.ThisachievementbrokethesituationwhereChinahadneverwonagoldmedalintheOlympics,andwashailedasthe"zerobreakthrough"inthehistoryoftheChineseOlympics.
The11thAsianGames
The11thAsianGamesisthefirstcomprehensiveinternationalsportscompetitionheldbyChina.ItwasheldinBeijingbetweenSeptemberandOctober1990.TheChinesesportsdelegationtoppedthelistwithatotalof341medals.
The11thPanchenLama
OnJanuary12,1996,PresidentJiangZeminacceptedthegreetingsfromthe11thPanchenLamaandtheTashiLunpoMonasteryAppreciationGroup.The11thPanchenLamapresentedaHadatoChairmanJiang.Afterthedeathofthe10thPanchenLama,accordingtothecustomsofTibetanBuddhism,thecentralgovernmentestablishedaPanchenLama'sreincarnationgrouptosearchforthe11thPanchenLama.OnthemorningofNovember29,1995,infrontofthestatueofSakyamuniattheJokhangTemple,alotterywasheldforthegoldenvase,anditwasdeterminedthatGyaltsenNorbuwasthe11thPanchenErdeni.Inthemorning,theceremonywasheld.OnDecember8,asittingceremonywasheldatTashilhunpoMonasteryinXigaze.
Internethotwords
ThreerevolutionsandoneringSocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,aharmonioussociety,andtheBeijingOlympics
Commemorativeactivities
Collectivelearning
The18thPolitburooftheCPCCentralCommitteeDecember31,2012afternoonCarryoutthesecondcollectivestudyonunswervinglyadvancingreformandopeningup.Whenpresidingoverthestudy,XiJinping,thegeneralsecretaryoftheCPCCentralCommittee,emphasizedthatreformandopeningupisalong-term,arduous,andarduousundertakingthatmustbecarriedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Wemustadheretothereformdirectionofthesocialistmarketeconomy,adheretothebasicnationalpolicyofopeningtotheoutsideworld,usegreaterpoliticalcourageandwisdom,misstheopportunitytodeepenreformsinimportantareas,andmoveforwardcourageouslyinthedirectionofreformandopeningguidedbythe18thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina.
XiJinpingemphasizedthatwemustconscientiouslysumupandusethesuccessfulexperienceofreformandopeningup.Hemadefivecommentsonthis.
First,reformandopeningupisaprofoundrevolution,andwemuststicktotherightdirectionandproceedalongtherightpath.Ontheissueofdirection,wemustbeveryclear-headed,continuetopromotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentofthesocialistsystem,andunswervinglyfollowthepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.
Secondly,reformandopeningupisanunprecedentedbrand-newundertaking.Wemustadheretothecorrectmethodologyandadvanceitthroughcontinuouspracticeandexploration.CrossingtheriverbyfeelingthestonesisareformmethodwithChinesecharacteristicsandinlinewithChina'snationalconditions.Tocrosstheriverbyfeelingthestonesistofeelthelawsandgaintrueknowledgefrompractice.Crossingtheriverbyfeelingthestonesandstrengtheningthetop-leveldesignaredialecticalandunified.Thepromotionofpartialphasedreformandopeningupmustbecarriedoutunderthepremiseofstrengtheningthetop-leveldesign,andthestrengtheningofthetop-leveldesignmustbeplannedonthebasisofpromotingpartialphasedreformandopeningup.Itisnecessarytostrengthenmacro-thinkingandtop-leveldesign,paymoreattentiontothesystem,integrity,andcoordinationofreforms.Atthesametime,wemustcontinuetoencourageboldexperimentsandbreakthroughs,andcontinuetodeepenreformandopeningup.
Third,reformandopeningupisasystematicproject,andcomprehensivereformsmustbeadheredtoandpromotedinthecoordinationandcooperationofvariousreforms.Reformandopeningupisaprofoundandcomprehensivesocialchange.Eachreformwillhaveanimportantimpactonotherreforms,andeachreformrequiresthecoordinationofotherreforms.Itisnecessarytopaymoreattentiontothemutualpromotionandbenigninteractionofvariousreforms,toadvanceasawhole,tomakebreakthroughsinkeypoints,andtoformastrongjointforcetopromotereformandopeningup.
Fourth,stabilityistheprerequisiteforreformanddevelopment,andtheunityofreform,development,andstabilitymustbeadheredto.Onlywithsocialstabilitycanreformanddevelopmentcontinuetoadvance;onlywithcontinuousadvancementofreformanddevelopmentcansocialstabilityhaveasolidfoundation.Itisnecessarytopersistinunifyingtheintensityofreform,thespeedofdevelopment,andthedegreetowhichsocietycanbearit,andtheimprovementofpeople'slivesshouldberegardedastheintegrationpointforcorrectlyhandlingtherelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstability.
Fifth,reformandopeningupisthecauseofhundredsofmillionsofpeople.Wemustadheretorespectforthepeople’spioneeringspiritandinsistonadvancingundertheleadershipoftheparty.Everybreakthroughanddevelopmentintheunderstandingandpracticeofreformandopeningup,theemergenceanddevelopmentofeverynewthinginreformandopeningup,andthecreationandaccumulationofexperienceineveryaspectofreformandopeningup,allcomefromthepracticeandwisdomofhundredsofmillionsofpeople.Themoreonerousthetaskofreform,developmentandstability,themorewemuststrengthenandimprovetheleadershipoftheparty,themorewemustmaintaintheflesh-and-bloodtiesbetweenthepartyandthemasses,begoodatleadingthepeopleforwardbyproposingandimplementingcorrectlines,principlesandpolicies,andbegoodatcreatinganddevelopingfromthepeople’spractice.Chinaisrequiredtoimproveitspolicypropositions,sothattheresultsofreformanddevelopmentwillbenefitallthepeoplemoreandmoreequitably,andcontinuetoconsolidatethemassfoundationfordeepeningreformandopeningup.
XiJinpingemphasizedthatreformandopeningupcanonlybecarriedoutwhilenotbeingcompleted.Withoutreformandopeningup,therewouldbenoChinatodayandnoChinatomorrow.Thecontradictionsinreformandopeningupcanonlyberesolvedbyreformandopeningup.WemustfullyimplementthespiritoftheEighteenthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina,adheretoDengXiaopingTheory,theimportantthinkingofthe"ThreeRepresents",andthescientificdevelopmentconceptastheguidance,activelyrespondtothestrongcallsandardentexpectationsofthebroadmassesofpeoplefordeepeningreformandopeningup,andbuildsocialconsensus.Coordinateandpromotereformsinallfieldsandlinks,andstrivetoadvancereformandopeningup.
Celebrationmeeting
Mainentry:Celebratingthe40thanniversaryofreformandopeningup
Relatedentries:40thAnniversaryofReformandOpeningUp、Greatchanges-alarge-scaleexhibitioncelebratingthe40thanniversaryofreformandopeningup
Historicalexperience
XiJinpingdeliveredanimportantspeechatthecelebrationofthe40thanniversaryofreformandopeningup,expoundingthevaluableexperienceaccumulatedinthepast40yearsofreformandopeningup,andemphasizingthatwemustcherishit,sticktoitforalongtime,andcontinuetoenrichanddevelopinpractice.Hesaidthatwemustupholdtheparty’sleadershipoverallworkandcontinuouslystrengthenandimprovetheparty’sleadership;wemustadheretothepeople-centeredapproachandcontinuetorealizethepeople’syearningforabetterlife;wemustupholdtheguidingpositionofMarxismandcontinuetopromotetheoriesbasedonpractice.Innovation;wemustadheretothepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andcontinuetoadheretoanddevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics;wemustcontinuetoimproveanddevelopthesocialistsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,andcontinuetoplayandenhancetheadvantagesofChina’ssystem;wemustadheretodevelopmentasthefirstpriorityandcontinuetostrengthenChina'scomprehensivenationalstrength;wemustpersistinexpandingopeningupandcontinuouslypromotethebuildingofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind;wemustpersistinadministeringthepartystrictlyinanall-roundway,andconstantlyimprovetheparty’screativity,cohesion,andcombateffectiveness;wemustadheretodialecticalmaterialismandhistoricalmaterialismworldoutlookandmethodology,correctDealwiththerelationshipbetweenreform,developmentandstability.
Historicalsignificance
ReformandopeninguparethekeychoiceforthedestinyofcontemporaryChina.ItistheonlywaytodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.OnlythroughreformandopeningupcanChinadevelopInordertodevelopsocialismandMarxism.Thesetwopassagesgiveahigh-levelsummaryofwhywewanttoreform.Weshoulddeeplyunderstandthehigh-leveltheoreticalsummaryputforwardbytheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee.
Thereformhastwoobviouscharacteristics.First,thereformsundertheleadershipofthepartyareaimedatperfectingsocialism.Everymajorreformdecisionisadecisionmadebythecentralgovernmentthroughadecision,whichshowsthatthepartyisactivelypromotingreform.Second,ourreformisgradual,ratherthanaone-stepimplementationlikeinsomecountries.
Theessenceofreformandopeningupistoliberateanddevelopsocialproductiveforces,improveoverallnationalstrength,furtherliberatepeople’sminds,andbuildsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.ReformandopeningupareanimportantpartofDengXiaopingTheoryandafundamentalpolicyofChina'ssocialistconstruction.Reformincludeseconomicsystemreform,thatis,thereformofahighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemintoasocialistmarketeconomicsystem;politicalsystemreformincludesthedevelopmentofdemocracy,strengtheningthelegalsystem,separatinggovernmentfromenterprise,streamlininginstitutions,improvingthedemocraticsupervisionsystem,andmaintainingstabilityandunity.Openingupmainlyreferstoopeninguptotheoutsideworld,butalsoincludesopeninguptotheinsideinabroadsense.ReformandopeningupisoneofthebasicpointsofthebasiclineoftheCommunistPartyofChinaintheinitialstageofsocialism,anditistheonlywayforChinatobecomeprosperousandstrong.IthasahugeimpactonChina'seconomicdevelopment.
SincetheThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommittee,undertheguidanceofComradeDengXiaoping’stheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,theCommunistPartyofChinaandthepeoplehavebeendeterminedtoreformandstrivehard,andthewholecountryhasbeenfullofvitality,andthelandofChinahastakenplace.Greathistoricalchanges.Socialproductiveforceshavegainednewliberation.Thepoliticalsituationofstabilityandunityhasbeencontinuouslyconsolidated.Theproblemoffoodandclothingfor1.1billionpeoplehasbasicallybeensolved,andthepopulationismovingtowardsawell-offsociety.China'seconomicconstructionhasreachedabigstage,thepeople'slivelihoodhasreachedabigstage,andtheoverallnationalstrengthhasreachedabigstage.Inthecontextofrapidchangesintheworld,China'ssocialistsystemhaswithstoodseveretestsandhasshowngreatvitality.
China’sreformandopening-uphasmaderemarkableachievements.Throughthismajorreformandopening-up,threegreattransitionshavebeenachieved:
ThefirstgreattransitionisthetransitionfromahighlycentralizedplannedeconomicsystemtoThetransformationofthesocialistmarketeconomysystemfullofvigorandvitality;
Thesecondgreatturningpointisthetransformationfromaclosedandsemi-closedsocietytoafullyopensociety;
ThethirdgreatturningpointItisthetransformationofpeople'slivesfromsubsistencetoabasicwell-offsociety.Withoutreformandopeningup,itisimpossibletoachievethreegreatchanges.
So,theThirdPlenarySessionoftheEleventhCentralCommitteeproposedthatreformandopeninguparethekeychoiceforcontemporaryChina’sdestiny.
Whenourcountry’sdevelopmentstandsatanewhistoricalstartingpoint,wemustadapttotheprofoundchangesintheeconomicsystem,theprofoundchangesinthesocialstructure,theprofoundadjustmentofthepatternofinterests,theprofoundchangesinideology,andtheunprecedentedopportunitiesthepartyfaces.Thechallengeswearefacingarealsounprecedentednewsituationsandnewsituations.Wewillfurtherbuildconsensusonreforms,strengthenthedirectionofreforms,andimprovereformmeasures.Historyhasproventhatreformandopeningupistheinevitablerequirementandfundamentaldrivingforcefortheliberationanddevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces,andthecontinuousinnovationofvibrantsystemsandmechanisms.ItistheonlywaytodevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandrealizethegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.OnlysocialismcansaveChina,andonlyreformandopeningupcandevelopChina,developsocialism,anddevelopMarxism.
Thereportofthe17thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinapointedoutthatreformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionledbythepeopleundertheconditionsofthenewera.TobecomeprosperousandrejuvenatethegreatChinesenation;topromotetheself-improvementanddevelopmentoftheChinesesocialistsystem,togivenewvigortosocialism,tobuildanddevelopsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics;tostrengthenandimprovethepartywhileleadingthedevelopmentandprogressofcontemporaryChinaTomaintainanddeveloptheparty’sadvancednature,ensurethatthepartyisalwaysintheforefrontofthetimes,andenablethepartyandthecountrytodeveloprapidly.
Atthemeetingcelebratingthe40thanniversaryofreformandopeningup,XiJinpingsaidthatreformandopeningupisagreatawakeningofourparty,anditisthisgreatawakeningthatgavebirthtoourparty’sgreatcreationfromtheorytopractice.ReformandopeningupisagreatrevolutioninthehistoryofthedevelopmentoftheChinesepeopleandtheChinesenation.ItisthisgreatrevolutionthathaspromotedthegreatleapofthecauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics!