Хисториофдевелопмент
Theinventionanddevelopmentoftheprintingpressplayanimportantroleinthespreadofhumancivilizationandculture.
In1439,Gutenberg,Germany,producedawoodenletterpressprintingmachine.Althoughthisverticalspiralhand-panelprintingmachinehasasimplestructure,ithasbeenusedfor300years;in1812,theGermanKoenigmadethefirstcircularflatletterpressprintingpress;HoyintheUnitedStatesinventedtherotaryprintingpressin1847;in1900,thesix-colorrotaryprintingpresswasmade;in1904,RubelintheUnitedStatesinventedtheoffsetprintingpress.
Beforethe1950s,thetraditionalletterpressprintingprocessoccupiedadominantpositionintheprintingindustry,andthedevelopmentofprintingpresseswasalsodominatedbyletterpressprintingmachines.However,theleadalloyreliefprintingprocesshasthedisadvantagesofhighlaborintensity,longproductioncycleandenvironmentalpollution.Beginninginthe1960s,offsetoffsetprintingprocesseswithshortcycletimesandhighproductivitybegantoriseanddevelop,andleadalloyreliefprintingwasgraduallyreplacedbyoffsetoffsetprinting.Softreliefprinting,stencilprinting,electrostaticprinting,inkjetprinting,etc.,havealsodevelopedinpackagingprintingandadvertisingprinting.
Theprintingmachineryoftheworldhasmadegreatprogresssincethe1980s.Formorethan20years,thedevelopmentofprintingmachineryhasgonethroughthreestages:
Thefirststageisfromtheearly1980stotheearly1990s.Thisstageistheheydayofthedevelopmentofoffsetprintingtechnology.ThisperiodThemaximumprintingspeedofthesheet-fedoffsetpressis10,000prints/hour.Thepre-adjustmentpreparationtimeforafour-colorprintingmachinebeforeprintingisgenerallyabout2hours.Theautomaticcontroloftheprintingpressmainlyfocusesontheaspectsofautomaticpaper-bearing,automaticpaperdelivery,automaticcleaning,automaticdetectionofinkcolor,automaticadjustmentofinkvolume,andremotecontrolofregister.Inadditiontosingle-colorandtwo-colorpressesduringthisperiod,almosteverysingle-fedoffsetpressmanufactureralsohadthemanufacturingcapacityoffour-colorpresses,andmostmanufacturerswereabletomanufacturepaperturningmechanismsfordouble-sidedprinting.
Thesecondstageisfromtheearly1990stotheendofthe20thcentury.Inthe1990s,withthesheet-fedoffsetprintingpressasthesymbol,thedesignandmanufacturinglevelofprintingmachineryintheworldhastakenabigstepforward.Comparedwiththemodelsinthefirststage,thespeedofthenewgenerationmodelshasbeenfurtherimproved,from10,000prints/hourto15,000prints/hour,andthepre-pressadjustmenttimehasalsobeengreatlyshortenedfromabout2hoursinthefirststageto15minutes.about.Theautomationlevelandproductionefficiencyofthemachinehavealsobeengreatlyimproved.
Sincethebeginningofthe21stcentury,printingmachineryhasusheredinthethirdstageofdevelopment.Somemodelsofsheet-fedoffsetprintingpressescanreach17,000-18,000prints/hour,butmanufacturersdonotstrivetoincreasethemaximumprintingspeedoftheprintingpress,butthroughtheapplicationofinformationtechnologytofurthershortenthepre-presspreparationtimeandreplacementThetimeofthejobseekshigherproductionefficiency.
Inthefieldofprintingmachineryautomation,networking,productionintegration,digitalworkflow,andmanagementinformationsystem(MIS)linksandothertechnologieshavebecomethefocusofdevelopment.Heidelberg'sCP2000automaticcontrolsysteminadditiontotheentiremachinefrompaperfeeding,paperfeedingandguiding,inking,waterfeeding,platechange,register,cleaning,drying,coating,powdersprayingandpaperdelivery,etc.Inadditiontopre-setting,adjustmentandfaultdiagnosisoftheworklink,italsohasthefunctionsofrealizingthenetworkingofallproductionprocessesoftheprintingenterpriseandonlinetransmissionofprepressimageprocessingdata(CIP3/PPForCIP4/JDFdata).Inthenewcentury,mostoffsetprintingpressmanufacturershavedevelopedcorrespondingDIdigitalprintingpresses.
Inaddition,inordertomeetpeople'sdemandforhigh-endcolorprints,8-colororeven10-colormulti-colordouble-sidedprintingandadditionalin-linepost-pressprocessingfunctionshavebecomevarioussheet-fedoffsetpresses(Includingthedevelopmenttrendofsmalloffsetpresses,DIdirectplatemakingmachinesandlargeoffsetpresses),andthetechnologyisbecomingmoreandmoremature,thistypeofprintingpresshasbeguntosqueezeoutapartofthemarketthatwasoriginallyawebprintingpress.
Класификација
1.Цлассифицатионбипринтингплатеформ
Dividedintoletterpress,offset,intaglioandstencilprintingpresses;installationversionAndembossingstructureisdividedintoflatpress,roundpressandroundpress.
(1)Машина за рељефно штампање
Машина за рељефно штампање: рељефно штампање. Машина која користи штампање за довршавање процеса штампања. Као што је машина за визиткарте (смолна плоча), штампање типа, цинкарска штампа, сет бројева итд.
(2)Литографска штампарска машина
Литографска штампарска машина: планографска штампа. Машина која користи литографију за завршетак процеса штампања. Као што је машина за више боја, машина са четири боје, машина за две боје, машина за једну боју, машина за брзо штампање итд.
(3)Машина за дубоко штампање
Intaglioprintingpress.Amachinethatusesgravuretocompletetheprintingprocess.Suchasglassbagprintingofinstantnoodles,aluminumfoilbagpackagingofbiscuits,etc.
(4)Машина за ситоштампање
Screenprintingmachine:screen-processprintingpressThemachinethatusesthescreentocompletetheprintingprocess.Perforatedprinting:suchasscreenprinting,circuitboardprinting,clothprinting,canprinting,inscriptionprinting,partialglazing,etc.
2.Цлассифиедбипринтингпапер
(1)Машина за штампање листова
Машина за штампање листова:преса за штампање листоваУсингасингасингле-схеетпринтингпресс.
(2)Машина за веб штампање
Webprintingmachine:roll-fedprintingpressPrintingmachineusingrollpaper.
3.Цлассифиедбипринтингметход
(1)Машина за штампање равног кревета
Flat-bedprintingmachine:platenpressTheprintingplatesupportbodyandtheimprintingbodyarebothflatprintingmachines
(2)Округла равна штампарска машина
Roundflatprintingmachine(flat-bedprintingmachine):flat-bedCylinderpressTheprintingplatesupportisflat,andtheimprintingbodyisacylindricalprintingpress.
(3)Стоптхерротарипринтингмацхине
Stoptherotaryprintingmachine:stop-cylinderpressTheprintingplatecooperatestoreciprocate,whenadvancing,theimpressioncylinderrotatesonecircle,whenreturning,impressingThecylinderstopsrotatingandcompletestheprintingprocessofaprintingpress.
(4)Машина за штампање са једном револуцијом
One-revolutionprintingpress:single-revolutionprintingpressEachreciprocatingmovementoftheprintingplatetable,theimpressioncylindermakesonerevolutiontocompleteaprintingprocess.Printingmachine.
(5)Машина за штампање са две револуције
Two-revolutionprintingpressTheprintingmachinethatcompletesaprintingprocesseverytimetheprintingplatemovesbackandforth.
(6)Покретна штампарска машина
Reversingprintingpress:reversibleprintingpressAprintingpressthatcompletesaprintingprocesseverytimetheimpressioncylinderrotatesbackandforth.
(7)Ротарипринтингпресс
Rotaryprintingpress:Theprintingplatesupportbodyandthetransferbodyarebothcylindrical.WhentheprintingprocessiscompletedAprintingpressthatisfullyrotating.
4.Цлассифицатионбипринтингинкцолор
(1)Монохромна штампарска машина
Monochromeprintingmachine:single-colourprintingpressInaprintingprocess,aprintingpressthatprintsoneinkcolorononesideofthepaper.
(2) Машина за штампање у две боје
Two-colourprintingpress:two-colourprintingpressAprintingpressthatprintstwoinkcolorsononesideofthepaperduringaprintingprocess.
(3)Машина за штампање у више боја
Multi-colourprintingpress:multi-colourprintingpressAprintingpressthatprintstwoormoreinkcolorsononesideofthepaperduringaprintingprocess.
(4)Машина за двострано монохроматско штампање
Double-sidedmonochromeprintingmachine:perfectingpressAprintingmachinethatprintsonbothsidesofthepaperduringtheprintingprocess.
(5) Машина за двострано штампање у више боја
Double-sidedmulti-colorprintingmachine:multi-colourperfectingpressInaprintingprocess,atleastonesideofthepaperisprintedwithtwoormoreinkcolorsDouble-sidedprintingmachine.
Принцип рада
1,ScreenprintingmachineПринцип рада
Takethecommonlyusedhand-shapedflatscreenprintingmachineasanexample,theworkingprincipleofthescreenprintingmachinecanbedescribedasfollows:thepoweristransmittedthroughthetransmissionmechanism,sothatthesqueegeesqueezestheinkandthescreenprintingplateinmotion,sothatThescreenprintingplateandthesubstrateformanimpressionline.BecausethescreenhastensionsN1andN2,itgeneratesaforceF2onthesqueegee,andtheresiliencemakesthescreenprintingplatenotcontactthesubstrateexcepttheimpressionline.UndertheactionofthesqueezeforceF1ofthesqueegee,theinkpassesthroughthemeshandleaksfromthemovingimpressionlineontothesubstrate.
Duringtheprintingprocess,thescreenprintingplateandthesqueegeemoverelativetoeachother,andthesqueezingforceF1andtheresilienceF2alsomovesynchronously.Thesubstrateisoutofcontacttoavoidsmearingtheprint.Thatis,thescreenisconstantlydeformedandreboundedduringtheprintingprocess.
Aftertheone-wayprintingiscompleted,thesqueegeeisseparatedfromthesubstratetogetherwiththescreenprintingplate,andatthesametime,itreturnsinktocompleteaprintingcycle.Thedistancebetweentheuppersurfaceofthesubstrateandthereversesideofthescreenprintingplateaftertheinkisreturnediscalledthesame-pagedistanceorscreendistance,whichshouldgenerallybe2to5mm.Inmanualprinting,thetechniqueandproficiencyoftheoperatordirectlyaffectstheformationoftheimpressionline.Inpractice,screenprintingworkershaveaccumulatedalotofvaluableexperience,whichcanbesummarizedintosixpoints,namely,toensurethestraightness,uniformity,isometric,equalizing,centeringandverticaledgeinthemovementofthesqueegee.Inotherwords,whenprinting,thesqueegeeshouldmoveinastraightlinewithoutshakingfromsidetoside;itcannotbeslowinthefrontandfastintheback,slowinthefrontandslowinthebackorsuddenlyslowandfast;theinclinationangletotheinkboardshouldremainthesame,andspecialattentionshouldbepaidtoovercometheinclinationangleThecommonproblemofincreasinggradually;theprintingpressureshouldbekeptevenandconsistent;thedistancebetweenthesqueegeeandtheinnersidesofthescreenframeshouldbeequal;theinkplateshouldbeperpendiculartotheframe.
2.Принцип радаofflat-screencurvedscreenprintingmachine
Flat-screencurvedscreenprintingreferstotheuseofflatscreensoncylindricalorconicalsurfaces.Thenetisscreenprinted.Undercertainconditions,itcanalsoscreenprintellipse,drum,arcandothercurvedsurfaces.Thedry-netcurvedscreenprintingmachineisamachinethatusesaflatscreentoprinttheabove-mentionedcurvedsurface.
Theworkingprincipleoftheflatsurfacescreenprintingmachine:a-rollersupportb-shaftmeetingsupportc-inlaidsupport.Duringprinting,theflatscreenprintingplateandthesubstratemove,whilethesqueegeeisstationary.Theflatscreenprintingplateisclampedonthescreenframeandmovedbytheflatscreencurvedscreenprintingmachinetomoveataconstantspeed,andthesubstrateplacedonthesupportingdevicerotatesduetothefrictionofthescreen.Thelinearspeedofthecurvedsubstrateattheimpressionlineisthesameasthemovingspeedoftheflatscreenprintingplatetoachievescrapingprinting.
Theoretically,theembossinglineshouldbeatthehighestgeneratrixofthecurvedsubstratetoincreasetheoff-screenangleandensuretheprintingquality.Inordertofacilitateadjustment,thesqueegeegenerallyadoptsatopangleof60°±15°,anditisrequiredtobeabletoadjusttheverticalityandtheupperandlowerdimensions.Theadjustmenttoverticalistoensurethatthecuttingedgelinedoesnotshifthorizontallywhenadjustingupanddown,andisalwaysalignedwiththehighestbusbarA;thesqueegeewithatopangleof60°±15°isusedtoensurethatthesqueegeeinclinationisformedafterverticalinstallationα.Intheactualadjustment,inordertoensurethattheflatscreenprintingplateisseparatedfromthecurvedsubstrateintime,theimpressionlinecanbeslightlyadvanced,especiallywhenthediameterofthesubstrateislarge,theimpressionlinemustbeoffsetforward.ThesupportdeviceforcurvedprintingisVarioustypesofspecialdevicesaredesignedandmanufacturedbyusersaccordingtoproductrequirements.
Thecurvedsurfaceprintingofcylindricalorconicalcontainerscanusetwopairsofrollerbearings.Thelengthtodiameterratioislessthan1.5forcoverandcupbearingsleeves,softandhollow.Thecontainercanbesupportedbyaninflatabledevice.Theellipseisapproximatelyapartofacylindricalsurface,whichcanbesupportedbyacylindricalinlaymethod.
Theprincipleofprintingonthesurfaceofaconeisbasicallythesameasthatofprintingonthesurfaceofacylinder.Thedifferenceisthegraphicshapeofthescreenprintingplateandthemovementformofthescreenprintingplate.Whenmakingascreenprintingplateforprintingonthesurfaceofacone,firstdrawanexpandedviewoftheconesurface,andfindthecenterofthesectorbasedontheexpandedview,andthenselectanappropriatescreenframetomakethescreenprintingplate.
Ontheplateefghthatcancompletelycontainthefan-shapedabed,makeaprintingplatethatmatchesthefan-shaped.Fixtheright-anglerodontheplateefgh,andinstallitwithoastheaxistoformaplatethatcanberotatedinafanshape.Then,likeprintingonthesurfaceofacylinder,4rollersareusedtosupportthesubstrateundertheplate,thesqueegeeisinafixedshape,andtheplateframeismovedinafanshape,andthesqueegeeispressurizedtoprintonthesurfaceoftheconicalplate.Duringprinting,theconicalbearingisinlinecontactwiththescreenprintingplateunderacertainsqueegeepressure;whenthescreenprintingplatemovesinahorizontalfanshapearoundtheaxisofthefan-shapedunfoldingdrawing,thesubstraterotatessynchronouslyonthesupportingdeviceMovement;theinkissqueezedbythesqueegeeandleakstothesurfaceofthesubstratetocompletetheprinting.
3, процес штампарске машине:
(1)Workcycleprocedureofflatscreenflatscreenprintingmachine.Taketheflatscreenplatformtypemonochromesemi-automatichand-surfacescreenprintingmachineasanexample.Oneofitsworkingcyclesis:feeding→positioning→settingdown→loweringtotheinkplate,raisingbacktotheinkplate→squeegeestroke→raisingtotheinkPlate→lowertheinkreturnplate→lifttheplate→inkreturnstroke→releasepositioning→receive.
Inthecontinuousloopaction,aslongasthefunctioncanberealized,thetimeoccupiedbyeachactionshouldbeasshortaspossibletoshortenthecycleofeachworkcycleandimproveworkefficiency.
(2)Embossingline.Intheprintingprocess,theinkandthescreenprintingplatearesqueezedtotheinkplate,sothatthescreenprintingplateandthesubstrateformacontactline,whichiscalledtheimpressionline.Thislineisattheedgeofthesqueegee,andcountlessembossinglinesformtheprintingsurface.Realizingtheidealimpressionlineisverydifficult,becausetheprintingstrokeisadynamicprocess.
Превентивне мере
1.Ensurethattheleaderisresponsibleforsupervisingthesafetyoftheequipmentandcrewoperators.
2.Beforetheoperation,theoperatormustwearuniforms,workhats,andworkshoesneatly,fastentheplacketandcuffs,anddonotputanysundriesinthepockets,anddonotwearwatchesandvariousaccessories.
3.Beforestartingthemachine,addtherequiredlubricatingoil(grease)toeachoilfillingpoint,lubricationpointandoiltankofthemachine.
4.Withoutapproval,non-crewpersonnelarenotallowedtostartandoperatethemachinewithoutauthorization.Assistantsandapprenticesshouldworkundertheguidanceofthepilot.
5.Beforestartingthemachine,checkwhethertherearesundriesinvariouspartsofthefuselage.Youmustfirstgiveasignal(pressthesafetybell),echobackandforth,andmakesurethatthemachineissafebeforeitcanbeturnedon.
6.Beforethemachineisrunning,countbackwardforafewweeks,andthencountforafewweekstoavoiddebrisbetweentherollersanddamagetheblanket,printingplate,etc.
7.Whenthemachineisrunning,itisstrictlyforbiddentotouchthemovingworkingsurfacewithyourhands,repairandwipethemachine,orcrosstherotatingpart,andkeepthemachineprotectiondevicecomplete.
8.Thecrewshouldstrictlyguardtheirpostsaccordingtothedivisionoflabor,alwayspayattentiontotheoperationofeachpartofthemachine,andimmediatelyshutdownthemachineifanyproblemsarefound.
9.Theworksiteshouldbekeptcleanandunobstructed,theground.Thereisnodebrisaroundtheworkbenchandthemachine,andthemaintenancetoolsandsparepartsshouldbeplacedinthespecifiedlocation.
10.Током рада, никоме није дозвољено да се смеје, туче, или прави буку око машине.
11.На крају рада, очистите машину, заштитите плочу за штампање, обришите покривач, отиски цилиндар и ваљак, искључите напајање и попуните радни дневник.
12.Regularmaintenanceandrepairofthemachine,andfillinginthemaintenanceandrepairrecorddatacanextendtheservicelifeofthemachine,improveproductionqualityandsafeproduction.
13.Операција је забрањена од стране особља.
Решавање проблема
Intheprocessofusingtheprintingmachine,variousproblemsoftenoccur,suchasmechanicaldamageandfrequentelectricalfailures.Somepeoplesaythatthemachineistooold.Althoughtheoldmachineisanobjectivereason,doesthenewmachinenotfail?Insomeprintingfactories,newmachineshavemorefailuresthanoldmachines.Objectivelyspeaking,theusageandfailurerateofthemachineincludethefollowingfactors:themanufacturingqualityofthemachine,installationandcommissioning,maintenance,reasonableoperation,andmostimportantly,thequalityofmaintenance.Thequalityofthemachineobjectivelyexistswhenitleavesthefactory.Whetheritisanewmachineoranoldmachine,installationanddebuggingarethefirsthurdles.
Generally,newmachinesareinstalledanddebuggedwhentheyleavethefactory,afterqualityinspection,andthentransportedinseparatepackaging.Itisnotonlyaproblemoflevelandreasonableinstallation,butalsoaproblemofinspectionandcalibration.Thisshouldbethecaseforoldmachines.Asformaintenanceanduse,Iwon’tsaymuch.Ijustwanttotalkaboutthequalityofmaintenance:
Одржавањеisnotasimpledisassemblyandassembly.Itisnotonlynecessarytofindthecauseofthefailure,butalsotofindoutthereason.Incidentalotherquestions.
Theprintingmachinehasastricttimecoordinationrelationship,aswellasassemblytolerancesandadjustmentvalues.Busydisassemblyandexcessiveadjustmentarethemainreasonsforacceleratedwearandrecurrenceofthemachine.
Theprocurementandprocessingqualityofpartsandaccessoriesdoesnotnecessarilyrequiretheuseoforiginalpartsforallpartsandelectricalcomponents.Thecostoforiginalpartsishighandtheprocurementcycleislong.Unlessspecialorcriticalparts,mostofotherpartsBothpartsandelectricalcomponentscanbesubstituted,aslongasyouunderstandtheprocessingtechnologyofthepartsandthecharacteristicsofthecomponents.
Inadditiontothenaturaldamageofthemachine,thecircuitfaultismainlythehiddenfaultderivedfromthecarelessdisassemblyandinstallationorthefailuretofindthemachineandhumanfactorsthatcausedthecircuitfault.
Троублесхоотингофсинкфлуид
Exploringcommonproblemsofprintingpresssinkfluid—Theconcentrationoftheappropriatesinkfluidisbasedontheconductivityvalue.WhentheconductivityistoohighTheinkwillnotbeeasytodrywhenitistoolow,anditwillbeeasytostainoraccumulateink.Soyoumusttrytofindtheappropriateconductivityvalue.Afterfindingtheconcentrationvalue,multiplythetotaltankvolumebythepercentagetobethefirstaddition.Inaddition,whentheconductivityvaluechangesmorethan±50~100,youneedtomakecorrectionsbeforeyoucancontinuetouseit.Atthesametime,youneedtopayattentiontothetemperatureinthewatertank,becausethetemperaturewillaffectthemeasuredvalueoftheconductivity.
Itisgenerallyrecommendedthattheidealprintingwaterconditionsare:
(1)Квалитет воде треба да буде мека вода;
(2)Вредност проводљивости је 700~1300 (мора бити одузетаВредност проводљивости воде);
(3)ПХвалуе4.0~5.5;
(4) Температура резервоара за воду5℃~15℃;
(5) Степен фемулзификације је испод 35%;
(6)Пропорција ИПА алкохола је 5%~15%;
(7)Пропорција концентрације течности у резервоару за воду је 1,5%~2,5%.
Thefollowingaretheactualtestresultsofthecenterintheprintinglaboratory:
Синкфлуид: Магиц150
Conductivitymeter:DeltaOHMConductivityMeterModel:HD8706
ПХметар:ХАННАПХМетерМодел:ХИ8521
Accordingtotheaboveexample,thetotalwatertankoftheprintingmachineinthecentralprintinglaboratoryis80,000cc*2%=1,600ccwatertankLiquid,theconductivityvalueismaintainedat1,000(1,095-92.5)±100,andthepHvalueisabout5.0.Inaddition,wefoundthatthepHvaluedoesnotchangesignificantlyaftertheconcentrationofthetanksolutionis3%,soitisnoteasytodetectwhethertheamountisappropriate,andsomeEuropeantanksolutionshavemorebuffersadded,andtheirfunctionistomaintainthestabilityofthetanksolution.TheacidityandthereductionofthecorrosionofthelayoutwillcauseproblemswhenusingthepHvaluetomeasuretheconcentrationofthebathsolution.
Одржавање
Theprintingpressisoneofthemostutilizedequipmentamongallequipmentintheprintingplant.Toensurethenormaloperationoftheprintingpress,dailymaintenanceandmaintenanceareindispensableandverynecessary.Let'sbrieflytalkaboutthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceofthemachinefromthefollowingaspects.
Статицмаинтенанце
Статицмаинтенанцеoftheprintingmachinereferstothemaintenanceofthemachinewhenthemachineisinastaticstate.
1.Establishrulesandregulationsformachinemaintenance.Offsetprintingmachinemaintenanceshouldbebasedonthemachine'sinstructions.Suchasregularoilchange,filtercleaning,regularinspectionofmachineaccuracy,etc.
2.Strengthenthemaintenanceofimportantparts.Gears,cams,sprockets,rollers,andbearingsarethemostimportantpartsoftheprintingpress.Theirmaintenanceshouldbedifferentfromotherparts,becausechangesintheiraccuracywillaffectthefinal.Springsarethemostcommonlyusedpartsforforcebalancingmechanismsonmachines.Theirworkingqualitydirectlydeterminestheaccuracyofthematchingofmovingparts.Thespringsmustbesensitiveandelastic,andtheaeroelasticityandirreversibleplasticdeformationarecriticaltotheworkofthesprings.Extremelyunfavorable.Iftheaboveproblemsarefound,thespringneedstobereplacedimmediately.Thehazardsofsolventresiduesintheprintingprocess
3.Carryouttechnicalreformsandstrengthenmachinemaintenance.Machinemaintenancerequirestheconvenienceofmachinemaintenanceinthedesignofthemachine.However,duetothecomplexityoftheprintingpress,itisobviouslyimpossibletotakeeveryfactorintoaccount,andthecontentofmachinemaintenancewillalsochangeastheenvironmentchanges.Therefore,thosestructuresthatarenotconducivetomachinemaintenanceshouldbeimprovedwithoutaffectingnormalwork.
Динамицмаинтенанце
Динамицмаинтенанцеoftheprintingpressreferstothemaintenanceofthemachinewhentheprintingpressisinadynamicstate.Staticmachinemaintenanceistheprerequisiteformachinedynamicmaintenance,andthedynamicoperationofthemachinecaninturndetectthelevelofmachinestaticmaintenance.Thedynamicmaintenanceofthemachineisveryimportant.Themaincontentthatshouldbemaintainedunderthemachinedynamicsisanalyzedfromseveralaspectsbelow.
1.Machinepreparationstatusdetection.Thepreparationstatusofthemachinecanbedetectedbyjogorcranking.Iftoolsandotheritemsarestuckinthemachine;whethertheprintingplateisinstalledproperly,ifitisnotsuitable,itmaydamagetheprintingplateormakeitdifficulttofindtherules;whethertheblanketisinstalledproperly,ifitisnotsuitable,itmaybepossibleCauseprintingfailure,ordamagethemachineinseverecases.
2.Thelubricationstatusofthemachine.Firstofall,youcanobservewhethertheoilcircuitofthemachineisunblockedthroughtheoilstandard.Ifthereisnooilintheoilstandardortheoilstandardisnotclearlyobserved,youshouldstopemergencyandcarefullycheckwhetherthereisoilleakageintheoilcircuit.Althoughtheoilleakageofthemachineiseasytoobserve,itisdifficulttofindthecause.Formachinesusingslidingbearings,lowspeedisnotconducivetoitslubrication,especiallyjogorlow-speedoperationhasagreaterimpactonitslubrication.Therefore,beforecarryingoutsuchoperations,itisbesttorunthemachineidlingandlubricate.Thisisalsoaprimarytaskthatshouldbedonebeforegoingtoworkeveryday.Theoilpumpofsomemachinesisdrivenbythemainengine,sowhenitisreversed,theoilcircuitwillnotonlyfailtorefuel,butwillsucktheoilfromtheoilcircuitbacktothetank.Thisisverydangerous,sothereverseshouldbeavoided.Thelubricationofsomeimportantpartscanalsobedetectedbythetemperatureofthemetalnearby.Ifthetemperatureistoohigh,itindicatesthatthereisaproblemwiththelubrication.Commonfaultsandtroubleshootingmethodsofgravuregoldandsilverinks
3.Impactduringmachineoperation.Thesmallertheimpactduringtheoperationofthemachine,thebetteritisforprinting,anditalsoprolongstheservicelifeofthemachine.Reducingtheprintingpressure(pressureinabroadsense)isanimportantconditiontoensurethesmoothoperationofthemachine.Underthepremiseofensuringthequalityofprinting,thesmallertheprintingpressure,thebetter.Reducingthespeedofthemachineisanotherimportantconditionforreducingthemomentofinertiaofthemachine.Thelowerthespeedofthemachine,thesmallerthemomentofinertia.Therefore,themachineshouldnotalwaysberunningathighspeed.
Theaboveaspectsareonlypartofthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceoftheprintingpress.Thequalityofthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceoftheprintingpressdirectlyaffectstheservicelifeandproductqualityoftheprintingpress,soitcannotbetakenlightly.
Невцонцептофмаинтенанце
Thedevelopmentoftheprintingindustryhasgraduallychangedfromrelativelysimpleletterpressprintingtothecommonlyusedoffsetprintingandtheincreasinglyrobustdigitalprintingmode.Thebeliefbehindthisdevelopmentmodelisofcoursebasedonmanufacturers’demandsforcontinuousimprovementofproductionefficiencyandenhancementofproductcompetitivenessandqualityinthemarket.
Therefore,printingandotherprocessingmachineryandequipmentofvariouspracticalmanufacturers'productionindicatorsareconstantlyemerginginthemarketatarapidpace,cooperatingwithandexceedingtheexpectationsofmanufacturers.However,whentheseadvancedmachineryaremovingtowardsproductiongoalsdayandnight,manyoperationalrelated"smallproblems"willalsoarise,suchasmaintenance.
Једнобојна ситоштампа машина (2 листа)
Whenthemachineisdamaged,themanufacturergenerallythinksthatitiscausedbynormaloperationandwear.However,today'smachineryismadeofhigh-qualityalloysteelandshouldbeabletobeusedforalongtime.Later,afterthemanufacturerspaidhugemaintenancefeesandthepainfullessonsofdelayingproduction,theygraduallybegantodiscovertheimportantroleplayedbythemaintenancematerialteaminmaintainingthenormaloperationoftheprintingmachinery.Amongthemanymaintenancematerials,lubricantsandtheirRelatedchemicalproductsarerelativelyneglected.Probablybecauseofthecorrectselectionofthesematerials,itwillnotcauseimmediatebadeffectsonthefinishedproductsproducedbythemanufacturer.Mechanicalequipmentisoftenusedforalongperiodoftimebeforeitisdiscoveredthatthereisaproblem.1,Supplierswhoprovidemaintenancematerials,makesure:
1.Itsproductscanreducethenumberofmechanicaldamagesandprolongtheservicelifeofthemachinery;
2.Provideamulti-functionaldesignproductline,inadditiontoadaptingtomoremechanicalrequirements,itcanalsoreduceunnecessaryexcessinventoryofcustomers;
3.TeachcustomersAvoidincorrectuseofmaintenancematerials;
4.Letcustomerssimplifypurchasingprocedures,therebystreamliningmanagementproceduresandsavingvaluablehumanresources;
5.MaintainsufficientproductinventoryfrequentlytosaveManufacturerstaketimewhenorderinggoodsandavoidtheriskofdowntimecausedbycasuallyusinggeneral"temporarysubstitutes";
6.Providealong-termandstablenetworkthroughareputablesuppliernetworkSupplychannelstomeettheneedsofcustomersfromallovertheworldforhigh-qualityproductsandservices.
2,Одржавањеmaterialsforprintingpressesandrelatedequipmentinclude:
1.Уље за подмазивање-као што је снежна волна,Цхаинтоотхоил,уље под притиском, итд.
2. Чистач—као што је средство за чишћење постоља, чистач инкроллера, чистач уљаних цеви и дооиллине, итд.
3.Anti-rustagent—usedtopreventrustandlubricatethetableandcutterofthepapercutter.
3,Characteristicsandusesofgrease
У овом питању, увешћу "маст" (снежна волна). Врста масти може бити грубо класификована према њеној тврдоћи, наводљивости притиском, тачки капања, водоотпорности и стабилности.
3.1 Тврдоћа
Hardness,orpenetration,isameasurablecharacteristicthatmustbeconsideredwhenselectinganappropriategrease.Thehardnessofthegreaseisdeterminedbythenumber.No.0isthesoftest,andthenincreasestoNo.6alongwithNo.1andNo.2.ThehardnessofNo.6isthesameasthatofsoapbars.Themudinthegardeniseasiertoshovelandharder,andthehardnessofthegreaseisthesame.Itisgradedaccordingtothepenetrationdepthofthegreasedroppedfromacertainheightbytheconegauge.Printingmachinerymustbeaddedwithlubricatinggreaseofappropriatehardnessinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheprintingpressmanufacturer,otherwiseitmaycauseinsufficientlubricationorincreasedresistancetothemachineparts.
3.2Спојивост притиском
Anotherfeatureofgreaseisthedifficultyofpressuredelivery;inthecentralgreasesupplysystem,twotypesareequallyeasytopressuredeliveryatroomtemperature.Lubricatinggreasesoftenhaveverydifferentpressure-feedingpropertiesinlowertemperatureenvironments.
Thedifferencecomesfromthedifferenttypesandproportionsoflubricatingoilandsoapcontainedinthegrease.Someprintingmachineryandbindingequipmentuseacentralgreasesupplysystemtolubricateeachcomponentofthemachinery.Therefore,itisextremelyimportanttochooseagreasewithexcellentpressurefeedability.
3.3Дроппингпоинт
Becausethegreasecontainsdifferentsoapbaserelationships,differentgreaseswillmeltatdifferenttemperatures.Thedrippingpointisthetemperatureatwhichthegreasechangesfromsemi-solidtoliquid;mostcalciumsoapgreasemeltsat160-210°F,sodiumsoapgreaseis350-350°F,lithiumsoapgreaseis350-400°F,soathightemperaturesItisbettertousesodiumsoaporlithiumsoap.Nowadays,thespeedofmostprintingmachineryisquitehigh.Becausethebearingspeedinthemotorishigher,thebearingtemperaturealsoincreasesaccordingly.Choosingagreasewithahigherdroppointcanmakehigh-speedmotorbearingssuchas"carbonpumps"."Bearings,etc.havebetterprotection.
3.4 Отпорност на воду
Regardlessofwhetheritisincontactwithwaterornot,somegreasesstillneedtoperformtheirlubricatingeffect,soitswaterresistanceisanimportantproperty.Calciumsoapandlithiumsoap-basedgreaseareinsolubleinwater,whilesodiumsoapgreaseissolubleinwater,soitcannotbeusedasalubricantthatmaycomeintocontactwithwater.Theprintingprocessneedstomixwater,sosomebearingsmustbeprotectedbygreasewithgoodwaterresistance,otherwise,theservicelifeofthebearingwillbegreatlyreduced.
3.5 Стабилност
Somegreasescanstillmaintaintheiroriginalhardnessafterbeingaddedtothebearing,whichmeansthatthestabilityisveryhigh;thiskindofgreasecanbeusedinanti-wearbearings.Itwillsoftenafterworkingforaperiodoftime,andwillflowoutofthebearingwithoutagoodseal.Duringtheprintingprocess,thepowdersprayingiscontinuousandhasgreatcoverage.Ifthestabilityofthegreaseusedispoor,itwillcausepollutantstoeasilyenterthebearingsandvariouscomponents,causinggreatdamagetotheprintingmachine.
Traditionally,thedesignandproductionofgreasehasonlyfocusedoncopingwiththeunityproblemfacedbymechanicalequipment.Suchashightemperature,highspeed,highpressureoranti-wear,etc.Sincethen,duetotherequirementsofmachinerymanufacturersandtheintensifiedmarketcompetition,theproductionofgreasegraduallytendstomoveinamulti-functionaldirection.However,ordinarypetroleumproductsalwayshavetheirlimitsinuse,andtheyhavenotbeenabletoeffectivelymeettherapiddevelopmentrequirementsofmodernproductionequipment.Althoughchoosingtherightlubricantisnoteasy,therearealsosomeprofessionallubricantsuppliersinthemarketthatcanprovideprofessionaldataandlong-termafter-salesservicetoreducecustomererrorsinuseandavoidwastingprecioustimeandmoney.Youmaywishtolistentotheopinionsoftheindustry,Ibelieveitwillhelpprotectthegoodperformanceoftheprintingpress.
Перспективе развоја
1.Развој статус
AccordingtostatisticsfromtheEuropeanFederationofPrintingandPaperProcessingMachineryManufacturersAssociation(EUMAPRINT),duetotheinfluenceoftheworldeconomyAsaresultoftherecession,thesalesofprintingmachineryandequipmentinsevencountriesincludingGermany,France,theUnitedStates,Italy,andSwitzerlanddecreasedby13.08%in2002comparedto2001.Fromtheanalysisofeconomicprosperityindex,among11countriesincludingEurope,America,China,Russia,andJapan,onlyChinaandRussiaareontherise,andtherestareonthedecline.Amongthem,Germany'ssalesin2002wereapproximatelyUS$6.8billion,whichwashigherthanthatin2001.Ayear-on -годишњи пад од 12%; продаја у САД је била приближно 2,27 милијарди УСД, смањење од 16% у односу на 2001; продаја у Великој Британији у 2002. пала је 24% у односу на 2001. на приближно 1,064 милијарде УСД; продаја у Италији је пала за 7,6 милиона долара.
Thetopfivecountriesintermsofannualoutputvalueofprintingmachineryandequipmentin2001were:Germany7.73billionU.S.dollars,Japan3.918billionU.S.dollars,theUnitedStates2.702billionU.S.dollars,Britain1.4billionU.S.dollars,andItaly829millionU.S.dollars..In2001,thetop5countriesforexportingprintingmachineryandequipmentwere:Germany6.325billionU.S .долларс, Јапан1.578Биллиону.С.Долларс, тхеунитедстатес1.2446биллиону.С.долларс, Италиа1.06Биллиону.С.Долларс.С.Долларс.ТхеТопсикПринтингМацхинеиДекуиплиеМПринтингМацхинеиДекуипИонСием 2,2биллионинтхеунитедстатес, УС $ 1.3биллионинИонинИонинИонинИониНиониТиНиталиТиНиталиТиНиониТиНиталиТиНиталиТиНилиониТиНиталиТиНиталиТиНиталиТиНиталиНиталиТиНиталиТиНиталиОнИниталиТиНилиониТиНиталиНиталиТиНилиониТиНиталиИниТиНионионионионионСтатесМинИнТиНиоНСтатес. 920 милиона УС$ у Уједињеном Краљевству и 798 милиона УС$ у Јапану. 2002. године, кинеско тржиште машина за штампање је било сјајно обављено. Продаја машина за штампање и опреме порасла је за 13,8%, што је довело до тога да се мора видети и убрзати светско тржиште.