Introduzione al contenuto
MaoZedong’sreportattheprovincial,municipal,andautonomousregionpartycommitteesecretariesmeetingconvenedbytheCPCCentralCommitteeonJuly31,1955discussedTheimportance,principlesandpoliciesforChinatoacceleratethedevelopmentofagriculturalco-operation.
Inthereport,MaoZedongputforwardthefollowingmainideas:①Chinahasthepossibilityofacceleratingthedevelopmentofcooperatives,becausetheeconomicstatusofthepoorpeasants,thelowermiddlepeasantsamongthenewmiddlepeasants,andthelowermiddlepeasantsamongtheoldmiddlepeasantsisdifficultornotrich.Theyhavetheenthusiasmtotakethesocialistroad;atthesametime,theCommunistPartyofChinahassuccessfullyledthepeople'sdemocraticrevolutionandestablishedapeople'sdemocraticdictatorshipheadedbytheworkingclass.Therefore,itwillcertainlybeabletoleadthepeopleofthewholecountryintoasocialistsociety.②Agriculturalproductioncooperativesmustincreasetheoutputofcropsthansingle-dryhouseholdsandmutualaidgroupsinproduction,otherwisethereisnoneedtoorganizecooperatives.③Agriculturalcooperativesmustadheretotheprincipleofvoluntarinessandmutualbenefit.Inordertoadheretothisprinciple,theymustpayattentiontosolvingpracticalproblemsthathinderthisprinciple.④Agriculturalcooperativesmustrelyonpoorpeasants,lowermiddlepeasantsamongnewmiddlepeasants,andlowermiddlepeasantsamongoldmiddlepeasants.Accordingtotheirlevelofawareness,theywillformcooperativesinmultiplebatcheswithinafewyears,andthenabsorbwealthypeasants.⑤Therelationshipbetweensocialistindustrializationandagriculturalco-operation,agriculturalco-operationandagriculturaltechnologicaltransformationmustbecorrectlyhandled,andthedevelopmentofagriculturalco-operationshouldbeadaptedtothedevelopmentofindustrialization.UnderChina'sconditions,theremustbeco-operationbeforelargemachinescanbeused.⑥Agriculturalco-operationmustadoptthreemutuallyconnectedstepsandforms,thatis,fromtheagriculturalproductionmutualaidgroupwiththegerminationofsocialism,tothesemi-socialistprimaryagriculturalproductioncooperative,andthentothecompletelysocialistadvancedagriculturalcooperative.Everystepmustimplementtheprincipleofvoluntarinessandmutualbenefit,sothatfarmerscangraduallyincreasetheirsocialistawarenessfromtheirownexperienceandgraduallychangetheirwayoflife,soastoensurethesmoothprogressofagriculturalco-operationandtheincreaseinagriculturaloutputeveryyear.⑦OnlywhenChinacompletelycompletesthesocialisttransformationintermsofthesocialandeconomicsystem,andintermsoftechnology,inalldepartmentsandplacesthatcanbeoperatedbymachines,canitcompletelychangetheeconomicoutlookofthesociety.
Thisreportputsforwardthepoliciesandstepsforagriculturalco-operation,pointedoutthedirectionandtheroad,andplayedagreatroleinrealizingagriculturalco-operation.ItsmainproblemisthatithasbeentoohastyrequirementsfortheprocessofChina’sco-operation.,Andwronglycriticizedsomecomrades,whichhadanadverseeffectonChina’sagriculturalco-operation.