Kong Yingda

ChiudiErrorCorrection

• SonKongZhiyue

  È stato segnalato un errore 9527154

• Great-grandfatherKongLinggui

  È stato segnalato un errore 12506868

Character'slife

Youngandfamous

Kong Yingda è nato nel sesto anno di Jiande (574).

In581,whenKongYingdawas8yearsold,EmperorWenofSuiYangJianestablishedtheSuiDynasty.IntheearlyyearsofEmperorWenoftheSuiDynasty,heplacedgreatemphasisonConfucianism.Hewas"extraordinaryandjuicy,andappreciatedallConfucianism"."Qilu,ZhaoandWei,therearemanyscholars,andtheyarechasingtheirteachers.Theyarenotfarawayfromthousandsofmiles,thevoiceofchanting,andtheroadisendless."Itiscalledbyhistoricalbooks:"TheprosperityofZhongzhou'selegance,sincetheHanandWeiDynasties,hasonlybeenforawhile!"KongYingdaalsoAtthistime,Iembarkedonthetrackofformallearning.Becauseofhisexcellentcomprehension ,lui "recitava più di mille parole al giorno, ricordando segretamente i" Tre Riti e lo Yizong "".

KongYingda,anativeofthecounty,LiuZhuo,hasahighreputationathome.WhenKongYingdavisited,LiuZhuodidnottreateachotherwithcourtesyatfirst,butonceKongYingdaaskedhimquestionsandexpressedopinions,LiuZhuosawhisanswer.It'shardtoask,it'sunexpected,itcanmakepeopleunsuccessful,soIchangemyfaceandrespectit.KongYingdaresignedresolutely,LiuZhuoresolutelywantedtokeepKongYingda,KongYingdadeclined.Afterreturninghome,KongYingdatakeseducationandknowledgeashisbusiness.

Intheearlyyearsofthegreatcause,KongYingdashouldraisetheMingJing,countermeasurestoGaodi,andconferredadoctorateinHanoiCounty.Later,EmperorYangoftheSuiDynastyconqueredtheworldforConfucianism,focusingonLuoyang,andaskedthesecretaryofthecountrytoarguewiththeworld'sgreatConfucianism,andYangDaunderhissect,ShengNayan(Shizhong),rankedfirst,andYingdawasthebest.BecauseKongYingdawasyoungatthattime,the"predecessorsofConfucianism"wasashamedofhim,sohesecretlysentanassassintoharmKongYingda.Fortunately,YangXuanganhidKongYingdainthemansion,whichsavedKongYingdafromdisaster.Afterthat,KongYingdamadeupavacantofficialpositionandbecameateachingassistantofTaixue.BecauseofthewarintheendoftheSuiDynasty,heavoidedchaosinWulao.WhenEmperorTaizongofTangpacifiedWangShichong,heintroducedKongYingdaasabachelorofQinfuLiteratureMuseum.

Officialpositionshavebeenrelocatedrepeatedly

Inthe9thyearofWude(626years),KongYingdawasawardedDr.Guozi.IntheearlyyearsofZhenguan,KongYingdawasmadeamaleofQufuCountyandtransferredtoShizhong.Atthattime,EmperorTaizongofTanghadjustascendedthethroneandpaidattentiontovariousgovernmentaffairs.TangTaizongonceaskedKongYingdaandsaid:"TheAnalectssaid:'Icanaskmoreaboutwhatyoucan't,ifyouaskmoreaboutthefew,ifthereisnothing,therealityisnothing.'Whatdoesitmean?"KongYingdareplied:"Thesagesetsupateaching,desires.Peoplearemodest.Althoughtheyarecapable,theyarenotself-sufficient,butthosewhoarestillunabletoaskforwhattheycando.Althoughtheyhavemanytalents,theystillthinkthattheyarefew,butthefewwhostillwanttobenefitmore.Ifthereisnostate.Althoughtheselfisreal,itscontentisvacant.Itisnotonlyacommoner,butalsothevirtueoftheemperor.Thehusbandandtheemperorhaveinnergods,andtheoutermustbemysterious,makingthedepthunfathomableandthedegreeunknowable."Yi"Itiscalled'tokeeptherighteousnessbythemonks,andthepeoplewiththebrightandthebarbarians'.Ifheisthemostrespected,showsoffhiscleverness,dominatesothersbyhistalents,andisnotadmonishment,thenheisseparatedfromeachotherandthemonarchsandministersaregood."TangTaizongapplaudedKongYingda'sanswerverymuch.

InthesixyearsofZhenguan(632years),hehasremovedhisoldpostsandservedintheDepartmentofStateAffairs.Morethanayearlater,hewaspromotedtoPrinceYouConcubine,andhewasstillholdingthepostofGuoziDivision.ManyConfucianofficialsdiscussedthecalendarandMingtang,andtheyallagreedwithKongYingda.Healsowrote"SuiHistory"withWeiZheng,addingaSanqiChangshi.

IntheeleventhyearofZhenguan(637),heandChaoxianrevisedthe"FiveCeremonies",andalldoubtswereresolvedthroughconsultation.Thebookiscompleted,enterthejueasason,andgivethreehundredparagraphs.TheconcubineacceptedtheQianqianandaskedKongYingdatowrite"TheBookofFilialPiety",KongYingda,becauseofhisinsights,hasawiderruleofsatire,andscholarscallit.BecauseofYingda'srepeatedadmonitionstotheprince,TangTaizongrewardedKongYingdaandZuoconcubineYuZhiningeachwithonecattyofgoldandonehundredsilk.

InthetwelfthyearofZhenguan(638years),heworshippedthesonofthecountryandofferedwine,andstillservedintheEastPalace.

InthefourteenthyearofZhenguan(640years),EmperorTaizongofTangcametotheChineseAcademyofSciencestoholdaceremonytoworshipthefirstsageConfucius,andorderedKongYingdatoexplainthe"BookofFilialPiety."Aftertheexplanation,KongYingdapresentedthe"OdetoShiDian",andEmperorTaizongofTangstartedtopraiseKongYingda.Later,LiChengqiandidnotfollowthelaw,andKongYingdaviolatedYanJin'sadviceeverytime.Mrs.Sui'an,themotherofChengqian'snurse,saidtoKongYingda:"Theprincehasgrownup,howcanyoumakehimlosefacelikethis?"KongYingdareplied:" Meng terra genus est, mors nihil habet quod odisse.

Previously,KongYingdaandYanShigu,SimaCaizhang,WangGong,WangYanandotherswereorderedtowritethe"FiveClassics"righteoustraining,atotalof180volumes,called"FiveClassicsofJustice".EmperorTaizongoftheTangDynastyissuedanedictandsaid:"Qingwaitsforacomprehensivestudyofancientandmoderntimes,therationaleshouldbediscussed,thedifferenttheoriesoftheConfucianismbeforetheexamination,andthedecreeofthesaintsarereallyimmortal."Atthattime,MaJiayun,adoctorofTaixue,criticizedYingda's"Justice".EmperorTaizongoftheTangDynastyorderedKongYingdatomakechanges.KongYingdafinallypassedawaywithoutcompletingthechanges.

Totheendofhislife

Zhengguanseventeenyears(643years), retiredduetooldage.

Decimo octavo decimo anno Zhenguani (644), figura erat in LingyanPavilion, et complacentia: "Daoguangranks primus, FengChuanqueli. Essentia XiaKaiopens, et verba voluntaria."

Post annum Zhenguan(648), mortuus est, et sepultus est apud Zhaoling Mausoleum. Ille datus est Taichangqing, et posthumus titulus constitutionis fuit.

TheFiveClassicsofJustice

Seeentry:FiveClassicsofJustice

KongYingda’sgreatestachievementinthestudyofclassicsItisFengzhaowhopresidedoverthecompilationoftheoldtreasuryanddatatreasure-"FiveClassicsofJustice",thetitleofwhichis"Justice",andtheotheristhattheTangDynastygovernment,outoftheneedforfeudalunification,unifiedthepreviousgenerationsofmiscellaneousscripturesandcompiledthem.Aunifiedsetofcommentariesonthescriptureswaspublishedasthestandard,sothatscholarscouldlearnfromtheirancestry,andtheimperialexaminationswouldhavesomebasisforthescholars;andinthesenseofConfucianism,theso-called"justice"meanstoclarifytheinterpretationbasedonthecommentary.

Materialselection

KongYingda'sworks (3photos)

"SpringandAutumn",theZuofamilyisrichinliteratureandbeauty,soitisattachedwith"ZuoZhuan".KongYingda'sexaminationoftheHanandJintrainingposts,mostlymixedwithGonggu,asanexampleisnotpure,buttheWesternJinDupre-collection"excludesthebiographyofQiuMingtoexplainKong'ssutra",respectsthesutraandemphasizestheoriginal,"thesonshouldbethemother,"Castpaintwithglue"("SpringandAutumnZuoZhuan'sPrefacetoJustice").What'smoreimportantisthatDu'ssummedupthe"FiftyFans"forZuoZhuan,whichsupplementedZuo'slackofmeaninginthethirdbiography,whichisnotthesameasthenotesofthevariousschoolsthatonlyemphasizetextualexegesis.Hehasthehighestinsightsandthebeststyle,soheistheonlyonewhochoosesDuShitoexplaintothepublic.

OnthebasisofdrawinglessonsfromtheformerConfucianism,KongYingdaalwayspointedoutthefaultsandflawsandtalkedaboutthegainsandlosses.Deleteandrepairthepen,"Youmustobtaindetailedevidence,carefullyreviewtherationale,cutthecomplex,andsummarizetheconfidentiality."Therefore,themiscellaneousandimpurefaultsofofficialbooksareavoided,andthequalityofthe"FiveClassicsofJustice"isguaranteed.

Compilingmethod

Uno modo, ut scripturas exponat;

Participes:

YouYanShigu,SimaCaizhang,WangGong,WangYan,YuZhining,MaJiayunwhorepaired"ZhouYiZhengyi",ZhaoGanye,SuDerong,ZhaoHongzhi,etc.;

WangDeshao,QiWei,ZhaoGanye,JiaPuyao,ZhaoHongzhi,etc.whorepaired"MaoShiZhengyi";

WangDeshaowhorepaired"ShangShuZhengyi",LiZiyun,ZhuChangcai,SuDerong,SuiDesu,WangShixiong,ZhaoHongzhi,etc.;

ZhuZishe,LiShanxin,JiaGongyan,LiuShixuan,FanYiwei,ZhangQuan,ZhouXuanda,ZhaoJunzan,WangShixiong,ZhaoHongzhi,etc.;

GuNalu,YangShixun,ZhuChangcai,MaJiayun,WangDeshao,SuDerong,SuiDesu,ZhaoHongzhi,etc.whorepaired"SpringandAutumnJustice".

Familiares

Great-grandfather:KongLinggui,Dr.WeiGuozi

Grandfather:KongShuo,WeiNantaicheng

Father:KongAn,QiQingzhouLawCaoCanjun

Son:KongZhiyuan(oneisKongZhixuan,theotherisKongZhi),KongZhiyue,KongZhiliang

Nepos:KongHuiyuan

Publishingbooks

Historicalrecords

Finis "

"OdTangScrollsSeventy-Tres· BiographiesTwenty-tertius"

"NewTangScrolls198·​​Biographies123"

QianDaxin's"QianyantangJinshiTextPostscript"etc.

ZhaoWei's"GraphiteEngraving"

CommemorationofLaterGenerations

KongYingda'sTomb

KongYingda'sTombislocatedinthewestofQianmazhuangVillage,TaochengDistrict,HengshuiCity300metersaway.Theexistingcemeteryis1.5metershighandhasatombstonedatingfromthe9thyearoftheRepublicofChina.Themonumentisinscribedwith"TangJijiuGiftstoTaiChangqingKongYingda".ItwasdesignatedasakeyculturalrelicsprotectionunitinHebeiProvinceonJuly23,1983.

Inthe22 ano Zhenguan,KongYingdadiedo saturitatis, et corpus eius in tombo Imperi Taizongofthe TangDynasty (in Jiucheng Monte, YanxiaTown, LiquanCounty, XianyangCity, ShaanxiProvincie), quod lavat "investratum".

KongYingdaStele

KongYingdastele,alsoknownas"KongJijiuStele",waswrittenbyYuZhining,withoutaname,andwaserectedinthe22ndyearofTangZhenguan.OnthefrontofthesteletherearesixteencharactersintheYangwensealscript,"TheInscriptionBofGongGong'sInscriptionBoftheOldManoftheTangDynastyOfferingLiquorQufuXianGongGongGong",theoriginalscript,withthirty-fivelinesandseventy-sixcharactersinline.

Judgingfromthescriptofthewriterofthisstele,itisverysimilartoYuShinan's"ConfuciusTempleStele",whichissuspectedtobewrittenbyYuShinan.Later,itwasconsideredthatYuShinanhadpassedawayinthefirsttenyearsofKongYingda'sdeath,soitwasdecidedthatitwasnotwrittenbyYu.LiZonghan'spostscript:"AfterChongyuan(KongYingda)diedinBoShi(YuShinan),thismonumentwasnotclearfromYuShu.However,itsrulesandregulationscanmakeYuShuYunbutXiaoXiao,beautifulandstrong,verysimilartothedepthofthetemple.It’stoolate."

ThismonumenthasbeenerodedintheearlyQingDynastyandaftertheJiaoDynasty.Therearefewwordsleft.ThebestrubbingisSongTuofromLiZonghan’soldcollection.ItisnowinthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.Theinkisfine,andtheword"silver"underthefirstlineof"YouShuzi"isintact.Itcanbeseenthattherearemorethan1,700words.

ThereisalsoanoldcollectionofWuxianWuShiandZhaoShengbointheShanghaiMuseum.TheyarerubbedsduringtheYuanandMingDynasties.Beforetheliberation,ShenzhouGuoguangshaandYouzhengPublishingHousehadphotocopying.Inrecentyears,Nixuanshaalsohasphotocopyingimitationprints.Thismonumentwasneverpublishedaftertheliberation.ShanghaiPaintingandCalligraphyPublishingHouseselectedLiZonghan’soldcollectionofSongrubbingsforpublicationin2000.