Characterintroduction
John Rogers Searle (nato il 31 luglio 1932 a Denver, USA), professore di filosofia.
Hemainlystudiesthe"purposiveness"oflanguage.Hedisagreeswiththeterm"strongartificialintelligence",andbelievesthatperceptionappearsintheentirephysicalcharacteristicsofacreature.Humanconsciousnesshasapurpose,whilecomputershavenopurpose,socomputershavenoconsciousness.
Hediscoveredthecharacteristicsofapurposephenomenonandcalledit"suitabledirection".Forexample,whensomeoneseesaflower,hisstateofconsciousnessissuitableforthestateoftheoutsideworld.Theappropriatedirectionforthisprocessisfromconsciousnesstotheworld.Butifhereachesouttopickthisflower,thenhewilladaptthestateoftheexternalworldtohisstateofconsciousness.Therefore,theappropriatedirectionatthistimeisfromtheworldtoconsciousness.Healsoproposedatechnicalconceptcalled"background".Thisconcepthascausedsomephilosophicaldiscussions.Inshort,the"background"isthesurroundingenvironmentofapurposefulaction,whichincludestheactor'sknowledgeoftheworldandothers'understandingandknowledgeofhispurpose.
FivePoints
Hetheoreticallyprovedthecollectivepurposeofasocialenvironment.Putforwardfivearguments:
1.Collectivepurposeactivitiesexist,andtheyarenotthesameasthesumofnon-personalpurposeactivities.
2.Collectivepurposescannotbereducedtopersonalpurposes.
3.Theabovetwoargumentshavetwolimitations:
A.Asocietyisonlycomposedofindividuals,andasocietyhasnoindependentgroupawarenessorgroupawareness;
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B.Thepurposeofanindividualorgrouphasnothingtodowiththeauthenticityofpersonalbeliefs.
Inordertosatisfythesearguments,heinventedawayofdescribingcollectivepurposetoconnectcollectivepurposeandindividualpurpose,whileatthesametimedistinguishingthetwo.Theresultisthatindividualpurposecanconstitutecollectivepurpose.Toconstituteacollectivepurpose,onemustknowthatotherscanparticipateinhispurpose.Therefore:
4.Thepremiseofcollectivepurposeistounderstandthebackgroundofothersasmembersofsociety:otherscanparticipateinthecollectivesports.
Combiningthesearguments togetherweobtain:
5.Thetheoryofpurposeandtheabovebackgroundcanexplainthepurposeofcollective.
Heapplieshisanalysisofpurposetothestructureofsociety.Hisinterestliesinhowcertainaspectsofourworldbecomethecommonpurposeofusingtheseaspects.Forexample,afive-yuanbanknoteonlybecomesafive-yuanbanknotebasedonitscollectivepurpose[lackofthiscollectivepurpose,forexample,inanothercountry(region),thisbanknoteisjustapieceofpaperwithpatterns].Onlybecauseeveryoneinthesocietythinksitisworthfiveyuancanitfulfillitstraderole.Thishasnothingtodowithwhetherthegovernmentsupportsitsvalue(ifeveryonedoesnottrustitsvalue,thenevenifthegovernmentforcesit,itwillstillnotgetitsvalue,whichiswhythereisablackmarketprice).Thiskindofsocialstructurefillsourlives.Thelanguageweuse,ourownershipofourprivateproperty,andourrelationshipswithotherpeopleareallbasedonthispurpose.
Hisresearchresultsonsocialstructureareverydifferentfromotherargumentsthatdonotagreewithsuchfactsthathavenothingtodowithconsciousness.Hebelievesthatwhatwecalltruthisasocialstructure.
Sexualassaultincident
OnMarch21,2017,JoannaOng,a24-year-oldChinesefemaleassistant,accusedHillerofsexualharassmentandbroughtHillerandtheUniversityofCaliforniaboardofdirectorstocourt.Askforcompensationforsexualharassmentandsexualassault.
OngbecameHiller’sassistantinJuly2016.Afteraweekofwork,everythingchangedforHiller.Hebegantoflirtwiththefemaleassistantandevenmovehisfeet.HillerrepeatedlyassuredOngthathewouldbeabletomeetallherneedsinlife,aslongasshemaintaineda"fulltrust"relationship.
OngoncediscussedAmericanimperialism cum Hiller, sed Hiller dixit:Americanimperialismus?Sonus magnus,sgotobed and practiceit nunc (Americanimperialismus? Oh puer, quod sonat magnus, mel! Let'sgotobed, et nunc fac!).
Ong’sprosecutionhasplungedtheinternationalphilosophicalcommunityintoasexscandal.
AccordingtoareportbytheAmericanmediaBuzzFeedonMarch24,Hillerhasstoppedhisundergraduatephilosophycoursethismonth,butretainshishonorarytitle.