Characterrelationship
Disattiva la correzione degli errori
WifeIrenaYorio-Curie È stato segnalato un errore481062
Father-in-lawPierre·Curie È stato segnalato un errore5289216
Mother-in-lawMarie·Curie Sì, è stato segnalato l'errore 3675053.
vita
JeanFrederickYorio-Curie,1900BorninParis,France,hegraduatedfromÉcoleSupérieuredePhysiqueetdeChimieIndustriellesdelaVilledeParis.In1925,hebecameMadameCurie'sassistantattheInstitutCurie.Soon,hefellinlovewithMrs.Curie'seldestdaughter,IreneCurie,andshortlyaftertheirmarriagein1926,thecouplealsochangedtheirsurnamesto"JorioCurie".AtMarie'sinsistence,Jeanobtainedabachelorofscience(baccalauréat)andadoctorofsciencedegreewhileengagedintheelectrochemicalanalysisofradioactiveelements.
DuringhistenureasalecturerattheParisAcademyofSciences,hecollaboratedwithhiswifeonthestudyofatomicstructure,focusingonatomicrays.TheyhavemissedtheNobelPrizetwice:
TheJoliot-Curiecouplefirstgotneutronsintheexperiment,buttheyfailedtoidentifythemcorrectlyandthehonorwasultimatelyattributedtoRutherford’sstudents.AboveChadwick,Chadwickwonthe1935NobelPrizeinPhysicsfordiscoveringneutrons.
TheJoliotsandCurieswerethefirsttoobtainpositronsintheexperiment,andbecauseoftheirfailuretocorrectlyidentifythem,thehonorwasfinallyattributedtoCarlDavidAnderson,whowasresponsiblefordiscoveringpositrons.Andwonthe1936NobelPrizeinPhysics.
However,becauseofthediscoveryofstableartificialradioactivity,theywonthe1935NobelPrizeinChemistry.
In1937,helefttheInstituteofRadiologyandbegantoserveasaprofessorattheFrenchAcademy,andparticipatedinthestudyofchainreactionsandnuclearreactionconditions.Hesuccessfullyuseduraniumandheavywatertoachievecontrollablenuclearfissiontogenerateenergy.YoriowasoneofthescientistsmentionedbyEinsteininhislettertoPresidentRoosevelt,andEinsteincalledhimoneoftheleadingscientistsinthechainreaction.However,theSecondWorldWargreatlyhinderedJoliot-Curie'sresearchbecausehebegantoholdadministrativepositionsafterthewar.
Anecdote
Beforehebecamefamous,somepeopleintheFrenchscientificcommunityridiculedhimasa"PrinceConsort"(en:PrinceConsort),thinkingthathewasmarriedThedaughterofMadameCuriewaswell-developed,andhiscombinationofhisownandhiswife'ssurnamesalsocausedalotofcriticism.MadameCurieusedtocomfortherson-in-lawforthis.
Surname
Theirsurnameis"Joliot-Curie"insteadof"JoliotCurie".InsomeChinesescientificandtechnologicalliteratureandphysicalmaterials,Joliot-Curie'sThesurnameistranslatedinto"JoliotCurie",thistranslationisnotaccurate;similarly,inEnglishandFrenchscientificliteratureandphysicalmaterials,therearealsoalotofuseof"JoliotCurie"insteadof"Joliot-Curie"Case.Inaddition,thereisalsoasayingthattheJoliots-Curiecouplearecalledthe"littleCuries".ThisusageisoftenusedasacolloquiallanguageinthefieldofphysicsinmainlandChina .Liandhiswife) inter se differunt; English and TraditionalChineseusedinHongKongandTaiwando non habent talem astatem. Quamquam, in official publications inmainlandChina, "Jolio-Curiecouple" potius quam "LittleCuriecouple" areused. Thelatteris justaninformalformulation.
cognomen "Yorio-Curie" issimilarto the Chinese "duplexur nomen" (parentes nomen cognomentum coniungunt", sed differentia est quod solum "couplesurnam" et nepotes suos non sequuntur nomen Liansur, nomen filii propter matrimonium "Yorio". Inter quos nomen est "Lange vindemiae".
Influence
·Yorio-Curieisnotonlyafamousnuclearphysicistandchemist,butalsoafamousguardianofpeace.HewassympathetictotheChinesepeople.NotonlydidheactivelyparticipateintherescueofthephysicistZhaoZhongyaowhowasdetainedbytheUnitedStatesinJapanattheinvitationofthestudentQianSanqiang,healsosolemnlysuggestedtoMaoZedongthatChinashouldalsoengageinatomicbombs.ThisisMaoZedong’sdecision.Theonewhotouchedthemost.SeetheTVseries"Five-StarRedFlagFlyingintheWind"fordetails.
Yorio-CurietoldMaoZedongthattodefeattheatomicbomb,youmusthavestrength.ThisisthefirsttimethatMaoZedongpaidattentiontoJoliot-Curie’sproposalaftertheoutbreakoftheKoreanWarin1950afterMaoZedong’sfamousthesisthat“theatomicbombisapapertiger”whenhemetwithStrongin1946,anddeterminedtodevelopatomicenergyscience.