Значење
Intelligencereferstotheabilityofpeopletorecognizeandunderstandobjectivethingsanduseknowledge,experienceandotherproblem-solvingcapabilities,includingmemory,observation,imagination,thinking,judgment,etc.;referstoknowingandunderstandingTheabilitytosolveobjectivethingsanduseknowledgeandexperiencetosolveproblems.
Детаљно објашњење
1.IntelligenceandCourage."Guanzi·DescriptionoftheSituation":"Ifyoucangoawayandrisefromtheintelligenceoftheworld,youwillbemoreblessedwithease."HanBanBiao"WangMingLun":"Idon'tknowSacredtoolsaredestinedandcannotbesoughtbyintelligence."TangWuJing"Politicians·DefencetheRiseandFall":"TheQinfamilyisfullofintelligenceandcannibalizetheprinces."MingLiuJi,"FollowSongs"":"Thedragonandthesnakearenotclear,theintelligenceisstrivingforstrength."
2.Peoplecanrecognize,understandthingsanduseknowledge,experience,etc.Theabilitytoquestion.ZhouJianren"HowDarwin's"EvolutionTheory"AttractedMe":"Hisintelligenceisnotoutstanding,buthehashisownhobbiesandhasperseverance.""XinhuaMonthlyReport,No.10,1954:"Thecountrypaysspecialattentiontothephysicalandintellectualdevelopmentofyoungpeople."
3.Intelligencereferstotheabilitytosolveproblemswithwisdom.
4.Дифферентдефинитионсофинтеллигенце
People’sabilitytoacceptandbuildknowledgeisoftenregardedasintelligence.Regardingintelligence,scientistshavedifferentdefinitions.Thefollowingarethedefinitionsofintelligencebyseveralscientists.
Wisterw:Intelligencereferstotheindividual’spotentialtoadapttonewsituationswithconsciousnessthroughthinkingactivities.Itisanindividual’spsychologicalgeneralitytowardsnewproblemsandnewconditionsinlife.adaptability.
Terman:Intelligenceistheabilityofabstractthinking.
Буцкингхан: Интеллигенцеистхеабилититолеарн.
Storddard:Intelligenceistheabilitytoengageindifficult,complex,abstract,agileandcreativeactivities,aswellastheabilitytoconcentrateandmaintainemotionalstability.
Piaget:Theessenceofintelligenceisadaptationtobalancetheindividualwiththeenvironment.
Guilford:Intelligenceistheabilitytoprocessinformation.
Inshort,intelligencecanberegardedasthesynthesisofvariouscognitiveabilitiesofanindividual,withspecialemphasisontheabilitytosolvenewproblems,abstractthinking,learningability,andadaptabilitytotheenvironment.
Цонституентфацторс
Посматрање
referstotheabilityofthebraintoobservethings,suchasdiscoveringnovelthingsthroughobservation,etc.Haveanewunderstandingofsound,smell,temperature,etc.duringtheobservationprocess,andimprovetheabilitytounderstandtheessenceofthingsthroughobservationofphenomena.Wecanaddsometrainingcontentsuchasobservationandimaginationitemstothelearningandtraining,andthroughtrainingtoimprovethestudents'observationandimagination.
Пажња
referstotheabilityofaperson'smentalactivitytopointtoandconcentrateonsomething.Forexample,ourgoodstudentscanconcentrateonreadingbooksandresearchtopicsforalongtime,whiletheirinterestinotherirrelevantgamesandactivitiesaregreatlyreduced.Thisisamanifestationofstrongattention.
Меморија
istheabilitytoremember,maintain,re-recognizeandreproducethecontentandexperiencereflectedbyobjectivethings.Forexample,whenweareold,westillremembertheimagesofourfathersandmotherswhenwewereyoung,andthefamilyenvironmentwhenwewereyoung.Itisthathumanmemoryisatwork.
Могућност размишљања
istheindirectandgeneralabilityofthehumanbraintoreflectobjectivethings.Afterpeoplelearntoobservethings,hewillgraduallyclassifyandsummarizevariousobjects,events,andexperiences,andhecangeneralizedifferenttypesthroughthinking.Могућност размишљањаisthecoreofintelligence.
Машта
Itistheabilityofapersontocreateanewimageinthemindbasedontheexistingimage.Forexample,whenyoutalkaboutcars,Iimmediatelyimaginedallkindsofcarimages.Therefore,imaginationisgenerallycompletedonthebasisofmasteringacertainaspectofknowledge.
Импроведиет
Walnuts:TheoilcontainedinWalnutscansupplytheneedsofthebrainmatrix.Themineralelementszincandmanganesecontainedinwalnutsareimportantcomponentsofthepituitarygland.Regularconsumptionofwalnutsisbeneficialtothenutritionalsupplementofthebrainandhastheeffectofstrengtheningthebrain.
Eggs:Eggsarerichinlecithin,triglycerides,andlecithin,whichhastheeffectofinvigoratingthebrainandimprovingtheintelligence,anditisveryhelpfulforhumandevelopmentandnervoussystem.HumandigestionLecithinAfterthat,cholinecanbereleased,whichcanimprovememoryofallages.
Фактори утицаја
Дијета
Peoplearecreatedbynature.Foodisthematerialbasisoflifeandthebrain.Fooddetermineslifeandthehealthofthebrain.Alargenumberofresearchresultshaveshownthatthelackofcertainfoodswillmakethebrainunhealthyandevencausenobrains.Humanelitesaremainlycoincidentalscientificdiets.Therefore,ifthiscoincidenceisturnedintoscience-personalizedscientificdiets,peoplecanbecomesmarter.
Хередитианденвиронмент
Geneticqualityisthebiologicalprerequisiteforthedevelopmentofintelligence.Goodgeneticqualityisthebasisandnaturalconditionforintellectualdevelopment.Studieshavefoundthatthecloserthegeneticrelationship,themoresimilartheintelligencebetweenindividuals.Butheredityonlyprovidesthepossibilityforintellectualdevelopment.Tomakethepossibilityofintellectualdevelopmentbecomereality,italsoneedsthejointeffectofmanyaspectsofsociety,familyandschooleducation.Intermsoftheeffectofheredityandenvironmentonintelligence,hereditydeterminestheupperlimitofintellectualdevelopment.Thisupperlimitcanonlybereachedunderanidealandtimelyenvironment;thehighertheupperlimitdeterminedbyheredity,thegreatertheeffectoftheenvironment.
Рано искуство
Thespeedofhumanintellectualdevelopmentisuneven.Studieshaveshownthatthemoreexperiencegainedintheearlystages,thefastertheintellectualdevelopment.Manypeoplecallpreschoolageacriticalperiodofintellectualdevelopment.U.S.Bloomputforwardanimportanthypothesisthatregards5yearsoldasthemostrapidperiodofintellectualdevelopment.Iftheintelligencelevelof17yearsoldis100%,then50%willbegainedfrombirthto4yearsold.Oftheintelligence,theremaining30%wereacquiredattheageof4-7,andtheother20%wereacquiredattheageof8-17.
СцхоолЕдуцатион
Intelligenceisnotborn,educationandteachingplayaleadingroleinthedevelopmentofintelligence.Educationandteachingnotonlyenablechildrentogaintheknowledgeandexperienceofpredecessors,butalsopromotethedevelopmentofchildren'spsychologicalabilities.Forexample,whenteachersuseanalysisandgeneralizationmethodstoteachcoursecontent,theynotonlyenablestudentstoobtainrelevantknowledge,butalsomasterthismethodasameansofthinking.IfthisexternalteachingmethodandlearningmethodisgraduallytransformedintointernalgeneralizationTheabilityofthinkinginthisareaisformed.
Социјална вежба
Humanintelligenceisgraduallydevelopedinthepracticeofunderstandingandtransformingtheobjectiveworld.Socialpracticeisnotonlyanimportantwaytolearnknowledge,butalsoanimportantfoundationforintellectualdevelopment.Edison'senlightenmentteacherwashismother,butexperimentswerethebasisofhiscreationandinvention,andanimportantconditionfortheformationofhistalents.
Субјективни напор
Thedecisiveroleofenvironmentandeducationcanonlymechanicallyandpassivelyinfluencethedevelopmentofability.Withoutsubjectiveeffortandpersonaldiligence,itisimpossibletoachievecareersuccessandabilitydevelopment.Manyoutstandingthinkers,scientists,andartistsintheworld,nomatterhowdifferenttheircareersare,theyallhavesomethingincommon,thatis,theyareobsessedwiththeircareersandpersistinPerseverance,hardwork,tenaciousfightagainstdifficulties.Withoutthese,theycanonlybemediocrepeople.Itisimpossibletoachievesuccess,andthereisnowaytoimprovetheirability.
Релатедтхеориес
МенталМеасурементс
MindMeasurementsarebasedontheinnatedifferencesinintelligence,thatis,thedifferencebetweenhighandlow.Inordertoquantifythedifferencebetweenhighandlow,peopleproposetouseatestmethodtoachieveit.ThisiswhatwecalltheIntelligenceQuotienttest(ИК тест).
IntelligenceQuotient:IntelligenceQuotient,referredtoasIQ.
Intelligenceismeasuredbyintelligencetestsinanarrowdefinition(seeIQ).Thesetestsarethemostaccurate(reliableandeffective)mentalmeasurementtests,buttheyarenotusedtomeasurecreativity,personality,character,orwisdom.Therearemanywaystotestintelligence,buttheyallmeasurethesameintelligence.Thegfactorhasalwaysbeenregardedasamajormeasurementfactorinintelligencetests.
Someresearchershavesuggestedthatintelligenceisnotasinglequantityorconceptbutasetofrelativelyindependentabilities.
Више интелигенције
HarvardUniversitypsychologistGardnerproposedtheMultipleIntelligenceTheoryin1983.Hebelievesthatthedefinitionofintelligenceinthepastwastoonarrowandfailedtoaccuratelyreflectaperson'strueability.InthebookFramesofMind,heproposedthathumanintelligencecanbedividedintoatleastsevencategories(laterincreasedtonine):
1.Logic
1.Logic
1.Logic
1.Logic
1.b>(Logical)
2.Language(Linguistic)
3.Spatial(Spatial)
4.Music(Musical)
5.Кинестетички
6.Introspection(Intra-personal)
7.Inter-personal(Inter-personal)
8.NaturalExploration(Naturalist)
9.ExistentialWisdom(Existential)
СуццессфулИнтеллигенце
SternbergofYaleUniversityIhavebeenengagedintheresearchofintelligenceforalongtime,andputforwardthetheoryofsuccessfulintelligence(Successfulintelligence),whichmakespeoplerealizethatthesuccessoflifemainlydependsontheintelligencequotient(IQ),butdependsonthesuccessfulintelligence.Sternbergnotonlyengagesintheoreticalresearchonsuccessfulintelligence,butalsoconductspracticalexperiments.His"СуццессфулИнтеллигенце"(1996)isquiteinfluential,andthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoChinese.
Regardingtheconceptofsuccessfulintelligence,Sternberg(1998)believesthatweshouldpaylessattentiontosometraditionalconceptsofintelligence,especiallytheconceptofIQ,andpaymoreattentiontowhathecallssuccessfulintelligence.Intheprefaceofhisbook"СуццессфулИнтеллигенце",hementionedinterestinglythathehadfailedtheИК тестinelementaryschool,andhewasdeterminedtoshowthatifhesucceedsinthefuture,itisnotthefunctionofhisIQ.Forthisreason,hefinallyembarkedonthepathofexploringintelligenceandstrivingtofindtheintelligencethatcantrulypredictfuturesuccess.Theso-called"successfulintelligence"referstotheabilitytoadaptto,change,andchoosetheenvironmentinordertocompletethegoalsoftheindividualandthegrouporculture.Ifapersonhasasuccessfulintelligence,thenheknowswhentoadapttotheenvironment,whentochangetheenvironment,whentochoosetheenvironment,andbeabletobalancethethree.Peoplewithsuccessfulintelligencecanrecognizetheirownstrengthsandweaknesses,andthentheycanusetheirstrengthsineverypossibleway,andatthesametime,theycancompensatefortheirweaknessesorshortcomings.Thisisoneofthereasonswhypeoplearesuccessful.
"Перкинсова права интелигенција".
AnotherpsychologistfromHarvardUniversity,D.Perkins,proposed"Trueintelligence"in1996.).HecheckedalargenumberofstudiesonИК тестsandthepromotionofIQ,andthenproposed:IQincludesthreemaincomponentsordimensions:
ThefirstisNeuralintelligence:Thisreferstotheeffectivenessofthenervoussystem.Andaccuracy.Neuro-intelligencehasthecharacteristicof"Useitorloseit".Obviously,neuro-intelligencecanbemaintainedandstrengthenedthroughtheuseofinnatefactors.Neuro-intelligenceissomewhatsimilartofluidintelligencereferredtobyR.B.Cattell.
Thesecondisempiricalintelligence(Experientialintelligence):Thisreferstotheknowledgeandexperienceaccumulatedbyindividualsindifferentfields.Thiscanbeseenastheaccumulationofallpersonalexpertise.Thebasisofempiricalintelligenceistheaccumulationofknowledgeandexperience,whichcanenablepeopletohavehigh-levelskillsinoneormorefields.Apersonwhogrewupinapoorstimulusenvironmenthadasignificantdifferenceinintelligencecomparedtoapersonwhogrewupinarichlearningenvironment.Arichlearningenvironmentcanpromoteempiricalintelligence.TheempiricalintelligenceissomewhatsimilartothecrystalintelligencedescribedbyCartel.
ThethirdisReflectiveintelligence:Thisreferstoawiderangeofstrategiesforsolvingproblems,learningandcompletingchallengingintellectualtasks.Itincludesvariousattitudesthatsupportpersistence,systemism,andimagination.Itincludesself-monitoringandself-management.Introspectiveintelligencecanbeseenasacontrolsystemthathelpstoeffectivelyuseneuralintelligenceandempiricalintelligence.Peoplecanlearnstrategiestouseneuro-intelligenceandempiricalintelligencemoreeffectively.IntrospectiveintelligenceissimilartoconceptssuchasMetacognitionandCognitivemonitoring.
ТхрееФацторс
RobertSternbergputsforwardthetheoryofthreefactorsofintelligence,andbelievesthatintelligenceconsistsofthreeparts—components,experience,andcontext.
Componentialintelligence(Componentialintelligence)referstothementalprocessesthatrelyonthinkingandproblemsolving.
Experientialintelligencereferstotheabilityofpeopletodealwithproblemsintwoextremesituations:novelorconventionalproblems.
Contextualintelligenceisreflectedintheprocessingofdailythings.Itincludesadaptingtonewanddifferentenvironments,choosingtherightenvironmentandeffectivelychangingtheenvironmenttosuityourneeds.
Контроверзе
Scholarswhostudyhumanintelligencehavefacedalotofcriticismfrompublicopinion—eventothepointthatordinaryscientistscannotbearit.Somecontroversialtopicsinclude:
1.Fromtheperspectiveofmentalmeasurementtheoryandthedifferenceinviewingthistopicinacommonsense;
2.Тхеимпортанцеофинтеллигенцеиндаилилифе;
3.Theinfluenceofgeneticfactorsandenvironmentalfactorsonhumanintelligence;
4.Differentracesandgenderdifferencesinintelligence,aswellasthesourcesofthesedifferencessignificance.
ØТест интелигенције
ИнтеллигенцеТествефЕрстотОТХИЕНТИФИЦТЕСТОФИНЕЛЛЕЛЛЕЛИЦЕЛИЦЕЛИЦЕЦЦИОНЛЕЛИЦЕЛЕВЕЛОФИНЕЛЛЕЛИГЕЦХЕТЕСТВАСТХЕБИНАИ-СИМОНИНТЕЛИГЕНЦЕСТЕРЕДЕВЕВЕПТИВИБИНАИ-СИМОН.ТОДАИХДИФФЕРЕНТИЕБЕНЕВОФДИФФЕРЕНТИЕТЕЛИГЕТЕСТИФФЕРЕНТИЕМСЕЛИГЕТЕСТОПТИФТИФТОМЕМЕНСИХСТВОСТИ, САСТАВЉИВОСТИХМЕНТСЦОЕНСЕ, АРГОМЕРИ, РИЈЕЧИ, СЛИГОСТИ, АРГОМЕНТИРСЦИ., Речи, слике, блокови, аранжмани.
Usingthemorecommonintelligencetests,therearetwoИК тестsthatareadministeredbyindividualsandarestillwidelyused:theStanford-BinettestandtheWechslertest.
●TheWechslerscale(Wechslerscale,WS)mainlyreferstoW-BI,WAIS(AdultIntelligenceScale),WISC(ChildIntelligenceScale)andWPPS(Scalesforpreschoolandschool-agechildren)Iseveralintelligencescales.Althoughitalsohasamemoryscale(WMS),itisoftennotincluded.ItandtheBinetScale(BS)representthetwomaintypesofintelligencetests.ThemainfeatureoftheWexlerscaleistodivideseveralsubtestsintoonescale.Eachsubtestfocusesonmeasuringanintellectualfunction.Ontheotherhand,theBinayScaleisamixedarrangementoftestitemsthatmeasurevariousintellectualfunctions.Bothtypeshavetheirownstrengths,butcliniciansandresearchersmostlyusetheformertypeoftest.
● Станфорд-Бинетсцалеинтеллигендистрибубиција: 140-129иссуперлент; 130-139иссуперрнормал; 110-119иссуперрнормал; 110-119иссупер-миддлеанделлигент; 90-109издерато; 80-89СидДле-нижи; 70-79аретричкинствено - 70-79аретричкинафинансирање; остатак70ременталноДефиент.триитонТентридефиент.
Цлассифицатионофинтеллигенцетестс
1.Accordingtothecontentofthetest,itisdividedinto:abilitytestandachievementtest,suchasacompletesetofachievementtests.
2.Accordingtothecharacteristicsofthetestobject:individualtestandgrouptest.
3.Према перформансама теста, подељено је на текстуални тест (тест папира и оловке) и тест без текста.
4.Према сврси теста, подељен је на: дескриптивни тест, дијагностички тест, предиктивни тест.
5.Према времену тестирања: тест брзине и тест тежине.
6.Accordingtothetestrequirements:therearethehighestasatestandatypicalbehaviortest.
Девелопментофинтеллигенце
Intelligencehasagreatinfluenceonaperson,soitisveryimportantforthecultivationofintelligence.Then,howtocultivateandstarttheintelligenceofchildren,askhimPsychologicalnetworkprovidesthefollowingplansforparents.
Parentsshouldtreattheirchildrenwithanattitudeofappreciation,gratification,andgratitude,andbefullofconfidenceandhopefortheirchildrenfrombeginningtoend.Everychildisapotentialgenius!Everychildhaseightkindsofintelligenceorninekindsofintelligencetovaryingdegrees!Everychildislikelytouseoneorseveraloftheseintelligencetothefullestandoutstanding!
Parentsshouldre-understand"intelligence"andshiftthefocusofdevelopingchildren's"intelligence"intime.Traditionalintelligenceisbasedonverbal-linguisticintelligenceandlogic-mathematicalintelligence.Parentsmainlyfocusonthecultivationanddevelopmentofchildren'sverbal-linguisticintelligenceandlogic-mathematicalintelligence.Gardner'sresearchresultsshowthat:intelligenceis"underacertainsocialandculturalbackground,theabilityofindividualstosolverealproblemstheyfaceandtoproduceandcreateeffectiveproductsneededbysociety."Parentsshouldpromptlyshiftthefocusofdevelopingtheirchildren’s"intelligence"tocultivatinganddevelopingtheirchildren’s"abilitytosolvepracticalproblems"and"theabilitytoproduceandcreateeffectiveproductsforsocialneeds",focusingontheoverallimprovementofchildren’squalitytomeettheneedsofsocialdevelopment.(Inasense,thecultivationofchildren'spracticalandcreativeabilitiesemphasizedbyqualityeducationisconsistentwiththedirectionpursuedbyGardner'stheoryofmultipleintelligence).
Parentsshouldkeeppacewiththetimes,learnforlife,andconstantlymastereffectivemethodsto"activate"variousintelligencesoftheirchildren.Intelligenceisakindofpotential,thepotentialdevelopmentabilityofthehumancentralnervoussystem.Parentscanbecometheactivatorofthispotential,ortheymaybecomethe"terminator"ofthispotentialinignoranceorunintentionally.Therefore,toactivateachild's"potential",notonlytheloveoftheparents,butalsothewisdomandskillsoftheparentsareneeded.Parentsshouldlearnactively,learnforlife,constantlyabsorbthelatestscientificeducationalconceptsandmethods,observechildrenobjectively,evaluatechildrenfairly,guidechildrenreasonably,andscientifically"explore"children...effectivelyactivatechildren's"Potential"makesachild'slifemoreexciting!
Parentsshouldnotblindly"followthetrend",letalonecopyitmechanically.Thereisnobestfamilyeducationmodelandmethod,aslongasthemostsuitable.Eachchildisacompletelivingbodyandanindependentindividual.Eachchildhasitsownuniqueintelligencecompositionandstructure,hasuniquesuperiorandweakintelligencefields,andhasitsownpersonalizedlearningstyleandlearningmethod.Parentsshouldpayattentionto"teachstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitude"and"prescribetherightmedicine".Wemustneverblindly"followthetrend"orcopyitmechanically.Themodelsandmethodsthataresuitableforotherfamiliesandotherchildrenmaynotbesuitableforyourfamilyandyourchildren!
Choosetherighttoysforyourchildrenandplaygameswithyourbaby,Isagoodwaytodevelopbaby'sintelligenceinthisperiod.Youcanincreaseyourbaby’sintelligencethroughthefollowing3games:
1. Финдтоис
Method:Adultsplaywiththebaby,andshowhiminfrontofhimwhentheinterestisstrong.Toysareplacedintheadult’spocketorunderthepilloworunderthebedsheet.Whenthetoyisfound,theadultshouldimmediatelypickupthebabyandpraisehim"Awesome!Sosmart!".Thisencouragesthebabytodevelopkeenobservationandmemoryandestablishtheconceptofpermanenceforobjects.
2.Развијање визуелних, слушних и тактилних игара
Choosecolorfulfacialmakeup,variouscolorfulplastictoys,mirrors,pictures,smallanimals,etc.,firstdemonstrate,Puttoysofthesamecolortogetherandletthechildrenfollowthem;hearingtoysthatcanmakepleasantsounds,suchassmallrattles,rattles,musicboxes,windchimes,etc.,canfollowthesoundofthetoyswhenplayingwithchildrenTeachthemtopronouncedifferentpronunciations.
3. Игре за култивисање когнитивних и тактилних способности
Firstofall,teachthechildtolookinthemirrorandlethimgradually"know"himself.Forexample,holdthebabyinfrontofthemirror,holdhislittlefingerandsay"nose"onhisnose,thenholdhislittlehandandpointtotheadult'snose,andrepeatuntilhecanpointtothenoseandsaythenose.Then,teachyourbabytorecognizeotherthings:usetoyswithdifferenttexturesandtextures,suchasfluffydolls,smalltoysmadeofsilkfabrics,buildingblocks,beachballs,etc.,teachhimtorecognizethingsandcultivatefeelings,Distinguishsize,distinguishcolor,aswellas"tearpaper","pickingupbeans","throwingthings"andotheractions.
Цоуплехелп
Infantsandyoungchildrenhaveamazinglearningabilities,andtheyareextremelycurious,sotheyare"greedy"searchinglikeaspongesoakingupwater.Parentsshouldhelpthebabytounderstandthesurroundingthingsinapurposefulandplannedway.Itisnecessarytoobservecarefully,discoverthechildren'sneedsandinterestsintime,andteachpatientlyandtirelessly,andneverbeirritableanddampentheenthusiasmofthechild.Moreimportantly,weshouldpayattentionto"exercise",takeakindattitude,consideratecare,patientrepetitionandcontinuousencouragementtocreateawarmatmosphereforthechildandcultivateahappymood.Inthisway,thechildwillformahealthymentalityandenthusiasm.Self-confidentcharacter,optimisticandprogressivequality,letchildrenbenefitforlife.
1.Момтоуцхесит,бабисмилес
WearefortunatetoinviteMr.Zhang,whohasmorethan20yearsofpreschooleducation,tointroduceparentstothefivebasicelementsofinfantintelligencedevelopment.Asthebabiesgrowup,thegapbetweenbabiesisgettingbiggerandbigger.Somearelivelyandclever,enthusiastic,goodatlearningandimitating;somearetimid,lackingthespiritofexploration,acceptingandmasteringnewthingsandnewskills.slow.Thekeytothesedifferencesliesinwhetheryougiveyourbabyawell-plannedandwell-methodedearlyintelligencedevelopmenteducation.
2.Беаутифулсоундсмакебабиессмартер
Everyoneneedstouch.Adultsalsoneedtoshakehandsandhugs,whichismorenecessaryforinfantsandyoungchildren.Itcannotonlydevelopchildren'stactileabilitiesandpromotetheirgrowth,butalsoconveytheloveofparents,allowingchildrentohaveagoodemotionalexperienceandcultivateahealthyattitude.Itisanexcellentmeansofparent-childcommunication.(Touchingshouldbedonewhenthechildisawake.Parentsmustwashtheirhandsandremovetherings,bracelets,watchesandotheraccessoriestoavoidscratchingthechild.Touchingshouldbegentleandnottoolong,fiveorsixtimesaday,Threeorfourminuteseachtime.
3.Феастонтхеворлд,андбабиессарекновледгеабле
Everyonehopesthattheirchildrenwillbeabletotrainandcultivateassoonaspossible.Achild’sgoodhearingisverybeneficialtothedevelopmentofthechild’slanguagelevelandtheimprovementofhisintelligence.Normalinfantsandyoungchildrenhavehearingabilityatbirth,andlisteningtothesourceofthesoundisthemaintrainingmethod.Itisnecessarytoinsistontalkingtothechildrepeatedly,gentlyandkindly.Itcanstorealotoflanguageinformationinthebaby'smind.Thechildespeciallylikesshort,cheerful,bright-pacednurseryrhymes,whichcanbereadtohimmore.Butpayattention,theauditorytrainingtimeshouldnotbetoolong,andthevolumeshouldnotbetooloud.
ИКмеасуремент
In1905,Frenchpsychologistsdevelopedthefirstscaletomeasureintelligence-theBinet-SimonIntelligenceScale,whichwasintroducedtoChinain1922,1982ItwasrevisedbyMr.WuTianminfromBeijingintheyear,withatotalof51questions,mainlysuitableformeasuringtheintelligenceofelementaryandjuniorhighschoolstudents.In1936,WexlercompiledtheWexlerIntelligenceScaleforAdults(WAIS)andChildIntelligenceScale(WISC)in1936,TheWechslerIntelligenceScale(WPPIS)forchildren4-6.5.TheWechslerScalewasintroducedinChinainthemiddleandlate1980sandtheChineseversionwasrevisedandpublished,soitiswidelyused.
ItisanintelligencescalecompiledbytheAmericanpsychologistWexler,revisedbyChina'sHunanMedicalUniversityGongYaoxianandothers,andformulatedtheChinesenorm.Wecanmeasurechildrenaged6-16and16Adultsovertheageof.Throughpsychologicalmeasurement,youcanunderstandyourownintelligencelevelandpotential,identifytheintellectualimpairmentcausedbytrafficaccidents,inordertogivefullplaytoyourownadvantages,scientificallyfillinthecollegeentranceexaminationvolunteers,prenatalandpostnatalcareb>Providescientificbasis.
ИК тест
ИК тест укључује седам ставки, укључујући здрав разум, разумевање, аритметику, сличност, памћење, речи, слике, градивне блокове, распоред, загонетке и симболе се тестирају одвојено.
8cluesshowthebaby’sintelligence:becausethebaby’slanguagehasjustbeguntodevelop,Therefore,penandpapertestscannotbeusedtotestthebaby’sintelligence,andnowrittenanswerscanbeobtained.Parentscanonlyestimatethedevelopmentofthebaby’sintelligencebyobservingthebaby’smovements.Thefirstdevelopmentinthebrainisthenervoussystemthatcontrolsthespineandlimbs.Therefore,thebestwaytounderstandinfantbraindevelopmentandintelligencedevelopmentistoobservethedevelopmentofchildren’smotorability.Motorabilitydevelopmentinvolvestheabilitytomoveandusethebodyandlimbs.
Рани трагови за дијагностицирање интелектуалног развоја:
Dr.NancyBelleisawell-knownpsychologist.Overthepastfewyears,hehasstudiedandobservedthedevelopmentanddevelopmentofinfants.Exhibition,shelistedthefollowing8cluesinthebook"ResearchonEarlyChildhoodDevelopment"toremindparentstopayattentiontothenormaldevelopmentofinfants’intelligence.
·Када кашичица падне на под, шестомесечна беба ће гледати у правцу пада;
·Беба од 6 и по месеци ће добити оно што је потребно када буде задовољна, изразићу задовољство;
·Formorethan7months,Iwillsmileattheimageinthemirrorandbeabletolookforasmallspoonthatfallsontheground;
·In8andahalfmonths,Iwillplaygameslikehidingcatsandclappinghandswithothers;Iwillalsolistentofamiliarwords;Inordertodrawtheringcloser;alsounderstandthemeaningofcertainwords;
·Aftermorethan10months,Iwillimitateadultsandputthebuildingblocksintothebox.Willgotodisassemble;
·Morethan11months,Iwillimitatethepronunciationofwords;
· Више од 12 месеци, говорићу неколико речи.
Parentscantrytoplaysomeactivitiessimilartotheabovewiththeirbabies,andestimatetheirintellectualdevelopmentforthemselves.Dr.Baileyfoundthattheintelligencetestscoresininfancyarenotnecessarilyrelatedtotheintelligencetestscoresinthefuture.Themostcleverbabymaynotalwaysbethesmartesttoddlerorelementaryschoolstudent.Babieswithdevelopmentaldelaysoftencatchupwithorsurpasstheirfast-developingpartners.Therefore,donotmakelong-termpredictionsforbabiesduringobservation.
Неспоразум
Learningisthemostinterestingandgreatestgameinlife.Allchildrenareborntothinksoandwillcontinuetothinksountilweconvincethemthatlearningisverydifficultandannoying.Somechildrenhaveneverreallyencounteredthistrouble,andthroughouttheirlives,hebelievesthatlearningistheonlyfungameworthplaying.Wegivesuchpeopleaname,andwecallthemgeniuses.——GlennDoman
1. Игноришите физичку зрелост деце
Children’sphysicalandmentaldevelopmentissequential,andearlyeducationmustbeappropriateTimelytrainingonthebasisofphysicalmaturitycanachievegoodresults.Tooearlyandtoolatewillcauseharmtochildren.Weallknowthestoriesofwolfboysandpigboys.Theymissedtheopportunityforvariousintelligentdevelopmentsuchaslanguageandsocialnorms.Therefore,evenifscientistsprovidegoodconditions,Cannotmakethemcatchupwiththeintellectuallevelofthemostordinarychildren.However,prematuredevelopmentofachild'sintelligencewillnotonlyfailtoachievethedesiredeffect,butwillalsocauseharmtothechild.Inthisregard,parentsandfriendsshouldlearnaboutthesensitiveperiodoftheirchildren.
2.Уско "учење"
Whenitcomestolearning,manypeoplethinkofsittinginclassandlisteninginschool,aswellasthemanytheoremsandcommonsense.Thisunderstandingistoonarrowandrigid.Whenababycanrecognizethedifferencebetweenhismotherandotherpeople;whenaboyreads"FemalePsychology"inabookstoreoutofcuriosityabouttheoppositesex;whenapersoneatsWesternfoodforthefirsttime,carefullyimitatingWhensomeoneelse;whenagirlpaysattentiontothecelebrities’outfits;whenapersonbuysanewelectricalapplianceandreadsthemanual;whenadriveropensamapinastrangeplacetofindtherouteheshouldtake...theseareallIt'slearning,andit'smoreimportantlearning.Wedonothavecertainknowledgeandskillsthatweneed,andwepursueit.Thisislearning.Eightypercentoftheknowledgethatpeopleuseinlifeislearnedoutsidetheclassroom,suchascommonsenseofcommunication,psychologicaladjustmentability,howtorespond,andvarioussocialexperiencesandunspokenrules.Classroomlearningisonlyonekindoflearning,anditisnotthemostimportantone.Classroomlearningallowsustogethighscores,allowsustoenterprestigiousuniversities,andallowsustohaveagoldplatewhenweenterthetalentmarket.Admissionticket,however,itisonlyanadmissionticket.Howtoopenthesituationdependsontheskillswehavecultivatedoutsidetheclassroomandtheknowledgewelearnedafterwewalkedoutofschool.
Isaidsomuch,Iwanttotellmyfriendsnottounderstandlearningnarrowly,soasnottoaskchildrennarrowly.Foryoungchildren,theylearnthroughgamesandlife.Everyquestiontheyaskislearning,andeverygameoractivitytheyparticipateinislearning;foryoungchildren,theirbroadcuriosityandinterestareNature’sbestgift,childrenusethistoincreasetheirknowledgeandabilities,extensiveexplorationandastateofenthusiasmisextremelyimportantforchildren.Theformerallowschildrentoconstantlydiscovertheirtalents,andthelatterallowschildrentoreachtheirinnermostfeelings.Harmonyandpsychologicalself-construction.
3.Емпхасизересултсанднеглецтпроцесс
First,happinessismoreimportantthanresults.Thefeelingsthatchildrengetfromtheprocessandthecorrespondingattitudestheyestablisharemoreimportantthanthespecificresultsofthechildren'slearning.Childrendon’tlearnmuch,buttheygethappinessintheprocessoflearning.Theylikelearningandknowledge.Thisattitudeismoreimportantthananythingelse.Someveryutilitarianparentsalwaysexpecttheirchildrentolearnsomethingearly,suchasmemorizingTangpoems,memorizingvocabulary,andlearningmathematics.Infact,childrenreciteafewmoreTangpoemsandlearnafewmoreChinesecharacters.Thislittleadvantagewillsoondisappear.Inthelongrun,thereisnospecialbenefittothechild.IfthechildlearnsbecauseofthedeliberateandutilitarianrequirementsoftheparentsThesenseofresistanceisevengreaterbecauseofsmalllosses.
Увод
Accordingtorelevantreports,WanXueyuan,directoroftheStateAdministrationofForeignExpertsAffairs,recentlystatedthatChinawillcontinuetoactivelyintroduceforeignintelligenceinordertomeettheurgentneedsofjoiningtheWorldTradeOrganization.China'saccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganizationrequiresagroupoftalentswhoarefamiliarwithWTOrulesandWTOlaws.Chinawilluseacombinationofhiringforeignexpertsanddispatchingpersonneltogoabroadfortraining,soastocultivateagroupofprofessionalscapableofthistaskassoonaspossible.TheBureauofForeignExpertsAffairswillcooperatewiththeStateEconomicandTradeCommissionandotherindustryauthoritiestohireforeignhigh-levelexpertswithrichmanagementknowledgeandpracticalexperiencetohelpcompanieslearnanddrawonforeignadvancedmanagement,marketing,andnewproductdevelopmentexperience,andpromotecorporatetechnologicaltransformation.Atthesametime,Chinawillsendagroupofseniormanagersofyoungandmiddle-agedenterprisestoforeigncountriesformedium-andlong-termtraining.
Inaddition,Chinawillalsohirehigh-levelforeigneconomic,tradeandtechnicalexpertstocometoChinatoholdspecialtrainingsandseminarsoneconomicandtraderules,technicalqualitystandards,corporateproductcertification,tradeandtechnicalbarriers,andenvironmentalbarriers.,Traininggovernmentmanagers.Atthesametime,organizemanagersofgovernmentmanagementdepartmentsandindustryorganizationstoconductdomesticandforeigntrainingtohelpthemunderstandglobaleconomicandtradedevelopmenttrends,especiallytheeconomicandtraderulesofsomedevelopedcountries,andtheexperienceandlessonsofsomedevelopingcountries'accessiontotheWTO.