Basicmeaning
Decision-makingisakindofbehaviorthatpeoplegenerallyexistinpolitics,economy,technologyanddailylife;decision-makingisanactivitythatoftenoccursinmanagement;decision-makingisdeterminedMeaning,itistoachieveaspecificgoal,basedonobjectivepossibilities,onthebasisofcertaininformationandexperience,withthehelpofcertaintools,skillsandmethods,toanalyze,calculateandjudgethefactorsthataffecttherealizationofthegoal.Afterwards,makeadecisiononfutureactions.
Fromapsychologicalpointofview,decision-makingistheproductofthecombinationofpeople'sthinkingprocessandwill-actionprocess.Withouttheparticipationofthesetwopsychologicalprocesses,noonecanmakeadecision.Therefore,decision-makingisnotonlyaprocessofpeople'smentalactivity,butalsoaplanofactionforpeople.
BasicPrinciples
1.Theprincipleofgap, necessitatis et "competentiae" (usus est cum definiendo decisionem faciendam)
2.Principleofaiminganddifference(preparationAlternativesaretheprinciplesthatneedtobeused)
3, prognosis et principium.
4, trackingandfeedbackprinciples (incogitatio-makingUsedintheimplementationprocess)
5.Externalbrainandeconomicprinciples(mustbeusedinthewholeprocessofdecision-making)
6.Systemprinciples.
7.Informationprinciples.
8. Principium.
9.Theprincipleofsatisfaction.
Features
1.Scientificdecision-makingisthecoreofmodernmanagement,anddecision-makingrunsthroughtheentiremanagementactivities.
2.Decision-makingisthekeytothesuccessorfailureofmanagement.Decision-makingisanessentialstepbeforeanypurposefulactivityoccurs.Decisionsatdifferentlevelshavedifferentimpacts.
3.Scientificdecision-makingisthemainresponsibilityofmodernmanagers
4.Thescaleofdecision-makingsystemisexpanded
5.Thefrequencyofdecision-makingactivitiesisaccelerated
6.Theamountofinformationcontainedindecision-makingactivitieshassoared
7.Thecompositionofdecision-makingsubjectsischanging
Processus
Generaldecision-makingprocessesinclude:
p>(1) Problemidentification, id est, tore cogni- tore progressum incidentis, problema constituere, et propositum proponere decretionis.
(2)Problemdiagnosis,thatis,tostudygeneralprinciples,analyzeandformulatevariouspossibleactionplans,predictpossibleproblemsandproposecountermeasures.
(3)Actionselection,thatis,toselectthebestplanfromvariousplansandestablishacorrespondingfeedbacksystem.
Classification
1. Secundum thescopum decisionis-faciendi, itidem in strategicam decisionem faciendi, tacticale-faciendi, et negocii deliberationis faciendi;
2. Secundum rationem decisionis faciendi, dividitur in modum procedendi ad decisionem faciendam, et non ad propositum faciendum;
3. Secundum determinationem subiectivam, divisae sunt in indivisa decisio- rum et in coetu constituendorum;
4.Accordingtothecontrollabilityofthedecision-makingproblem,itisdividedintodeterministicdecision-makinganduncertaindecision-makingAndriskydecision-making.
Cognitivepsychologydivides decisiones-makingintosixstages:(1) Cognitivum problema (2) Collectinformation(3) Proponere possibilitates (4) Aestimare alternativas (5) Eligendi (6) Putitintopractice. Investigatio demonstratur quod modus quaestionis verbi, seu specificae descriptionis optionum habebunt causam.
Decision-makingproblems
Decernendi-faciendi problemasareusuallyclassified in threetypes:determinatis,non-terministicis,andrisky.
Duetothedifferentnatureofdecision-makingproblems,thedifferencesbetweengroupdecision-makingandindividualdecision-makingandthepersonalstyleofdecision-makers,thetimeandmethodofdecision-makingarealsodifferent.Decisiontheorycanbedividedintotwotypes:traditionalandmodern.Traditionaldecision-makingtheoryistofollowtheprincipleofoptimizationwhenmakingdecisionstochoosetheimplementationplan.Thecoreofmoderndecisiontheoryistheprincipleofsatisfaction.
Capabilitycomposition
(1) Openrefiningcapabilities.
(2) Accurateforecastingability.
(3) Accurate-facingability.
Influencingfactors
Environmentalfactors
Organization'sownfactors'
Thenatureofthedecision-makingproblem
Thefactorsofthedecision-makingsubject