обавезно образовање

SynonymNine-yearcompulsoryeducationgenerallyreferstocompulsoryeducation

Историја

<п>CompulsoryeducationoriginatedinGermany.ReligiousleaderMartinLutherwasthefirsttoputforwardtheconceptofcompulsoryeducation.Afterthevictoryofthereform,Lutherpromulgatedthecompulsoryeducationlawinordertomakepeoplehavetheabilitytostudythe"Bible".In1619,theschooldecreeissuedbythePrincipalityofWeimarinGermanystipulatedthatparentsshouldsendtheirchildrenbetweentheagesof6and12toschool.Thiswastheearliestcompulsoryeducation.From1763to1819,Germanybasicallyperfectedcompulsoryeducationregulations.<п>Aftertheindustrialrevolution,compulsoryeducationhasplayedthetaskofenablingpeopletomasterindustrialknowledge.Thedurationofcompulsoryeducationhasalsogrownfrom3monthsto6monthsattheearliest,to6years,to9years.Itmeetsthelevelandheightofscientificdevelopmentatthattimeandcanmasterthebasicoperationsofindustrialmanufacturingatthattime.<п>Themeaningofobligationincludesparentsandfamilieshavetheobligationtomakeschool-agechildrengotoschool,thestatehastheobligationtosetupschoolssothatthepeoplecanenjoyeducation,andthewholesocietyhastoeliminateallkindsofadverseeffectsthathinderthephysicalandmentaldevelopmentofschool-agechildrenObligations.DuringtheEuropeanReformationMovementinthe16thcentury,Protestantcountriespromotedextensiveeducationinordertopromotereligiouseducation.In1619,theschooldecreepromulgatedbyWeimarStateinGermanystipulatedthatparentsshouldsendtheirchildrenbetweentheagesof6and12toschool,otherwisethegovernmenthadtoforcethemtoperformtheirduties.Thisisthebeginningofcompulsoryeducation.MostcapitalistcountriessuchasBritain,France,andtheUnitedStatesimplementedcompulsoryeducationafterthe1870s.<п>AccordingtorelevantstatisticsfromtheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization,bytheendofthe1970sandthebeginningofthe1980s,nearly60countrieshadimplementedcompulsoryeducationlaws.Thelengthofyearsforcompulsoryeducationinacountryislargelydeterminedbythecountry'seconomicdevelopmentlevelandculturaleducationlevel.AfterthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,the"CommonProgramoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference",whichservedasatemporaryconstitutionintheearlystage,andthenationalconstitutionofficiallypromulgatedlater,clearlystipulatedthatcitizenshavetherightandobligationtoreceiveeducation.The"DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaonEducationSystemReform"onMay27,1985pointedoutthatcompulsoryeducation,thatis,nationaleducationthatmustbeacceptedbyschool-agechildrenandyoungpeopleinaccordancewiththelaw,andthecountry,society,andfamilymustguaranteethedevelopmentanddevelopmentofmodernproduction.Necessaryformodernlife,isasignofmoderncivilization.<п>AttheendoftheQingDynasty,compulsoryeducationwasimplementedinmostEuropeanandAmericancountriesandmostJapanesecapitalsinAsia.AftersomeofficialsoftheQinggovernmentlearnedofthissituation,theyusedtermssuchas"compulsoryeducation"and"forcededucation"whendraftingrelevantdocumentsoftheQingcourtintheearly20thcentury.<п>In1903,theQinggovernmentpromulgatedthe"ZoudingSchoolRegulations"(formerlyknownasthe"GuimaoSchoolSystem"),whichwasthefirstschooleducationannouncedintheformofdecreeinthehistoryofmoderneducationinChinaandpromotedthroughoutthecountry.system.<п>OldChinaformallyproposedtopilotcompulsoryeducationin1911.InJulyandAugustofthatyear,theMinistryofEducationoftheQinggovernmentsentpeopletopresideovertheCentralEducationConferenceinBeijing.Themeetingresolveddocumentssuchasthe"TrialRegulationsonCompulsoryEducation".Thiscaseclearlystipulatedthatthecompulsoryeducationperiodshouldbefouryears,andproposedatrialmethodforcompulsoryeducation.<п>In1912,theMinistryofEducationoftheProvisionalGovernmentoftheRepublicofChinapromulgatedthe"SchoolSystemOrder",thatis,the"RenziSchoolSystem",whichalsostipulatedthat"fouryearsofelementaryprimaryschooliscompulsoryeducation."Sofar,sincetheendoftheQingDynasty,thecompulsoryeducationthathadbeenproposedandbrewedformorethan10yearswasfinallyrecognized.In1937,theMinistryofEducationoftheRepublicofChinapromulgatedtheInterimMeasuresforForcedSchool-ageChildrentoSchool.Theconceptofcompulsoryeducationduringthisperiodwasforcededucation.InApril1940,theMinistryofEducationoftheRepublicofChinaformulatedthe"NationalEducationImplementationGuidelines",stipulatingthatnationaleducationisdividedintotwoparts:compulsoryeducationandtutoringforpeoplewhoareoutofschool,bothofwhichwillbeimplementedatthesametime.<п>MostEuropeanandAmericanstateshave13yearsofcompulsoryeducation,andmanystatesarecurrentlytransitioningto15years.IntheUnitedStates,thebasiceducationprovidedbypublicschoolsiscollectivelyreferredtoasK-12education,whichisthegeneraltermforatotalof13yearsoffreecompulsoryeducationfromkindergartentograde12ofhighschool.Whilerealizing15yearsoffreeeducation,itbegantopromotefreecollegeeducation.NewYorkGovernorCuomoannouncedthestartofprovidingfreehighereducationforstudentsfromlow-andmiddle-incomefamiliesinNewYorkState,becomingthefirststateintheUnitedStatestoimplementfreecollegeeducation,reflectingtheUnitedStates’commitmenttothenextlevel.Theimportanceofagenerationofeducation.<п>Withthedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,thecontentoftextbooksanddisciplinessetbycountriesinthelastcenturyhasnotkeptpacewiththeneedsofthetimes.TheInternet,bigdata,aerospace,artificialintelligence,quantumphysicsandothertechnologiesRapiddevelopmentforcescountriestoincreasetheintensityandlengthofcompulsoryeducation.From2007to2017,Macau,Хонг КонгSpecialAdministrativeRegion,Xinjiang,Tibet,Qinghai,InnerMongolia,DaliangMountains,andeasterncoastalareaswillimplementfreeeducationcovering15years.Atthesametime,secondaryvocationaleducationisfree.Shaanxiwillfullyimplementfreeeducationfromoneyearofpreschoolto13yearsofhighschool,andatthesametimepromotefreesecondaryvocationaleducation.

Реформске мере

<п>Variouschangesincompulsoryeducationaretheresultofcomprehensivelyincreasingthereformofcompulsoryeducationundertheleadershipofthescientificdevelopmentconcept,usingthe"addition,subtraction,multiplication,anddivision"method.<п>OnJanuary10,2016,CaiFang,deputydeanoftheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,statedinBeijingthatcompulsoryeducationmustbeexpandedtoEarlytothepre-schooleducationstage,onlyinthiswaycantheperson'seducationyearsbesignificantlyimproved.<п>Повећати улагања у образовање<п>Inthenextfiveyears,thestatebudgetwilladdupto218.2billionyuaninnewcompulsoryeducationfunds.——WenJiabao's"GovernmentWorkReport"<п>Inrecentyears,duetoinsufficientfunding,someruralprimaryandsecondaryschoolsnotonlyhavenospecializedlaboratories,butevenlacktheconditionsforconductingdemonstrationexperiments;duetothefinancialdifficultiesofthegrassroots,someInordertoensurethenormaloperationoftheschool,theprincipalsofruralschoolshadtoraisemoneyeverywhere.Theywerevividlyreferredtoas"theprincipalsofalmsgiving"...<п>Inordertosolvetheproblemofguaranteeingfundsforcompulsoryeducation,thedraftrevisionoftheCompulsoryEducationLawSetupachapter"FundingGuarantee",andmakeprovisionsfromfouraspectstosolvethisproblemfromthesystem:<п>——Clarifytheoverallneedsofcompulsoryeducationfundingandformulaterelevantfundingstandards.Thedraftrequiresthestatetoformulateandtimelyadjustthestaffingstandardsandsalarystandards,schoolconstructionstandards,andper-capitapublicexpenditurestandardsforstudentstomeetthebasicneedsofcompulsoryeducation.<п>——Proposecleargoalsfortheguaranteeofcompulsoryeducationfunds.Thedraftrequiresgovernmentsatalllevelstoincludecompulsoryeducationfundsintotheirfiscalbudgetsandallocatefundsinaccordancewithstandardstoensurethegradualgrowthofcompulsoryeducationfunds;school-agechildrenandadolescentsreceivingcompulsoryeducationinpublicschoolsshallnotbechargedtuition,andmiscellaneousfeesshallbegraduallyexempted.<п>——Clarifythesourceoffundingforcompulsoryeducation.ThedraftstipulatesthatthefundsforcompulsoryeducationshallbeimplementedunderasysteminwhichtheStateCouncilandlocalgovernmentsatalllevelssharetheirresponsibilitiesaccordingtotheirresponsibilities,andthattheprovincialgovernmentsmakeoverallplansforimplementation."Theprovincialgovernmentfinanceisfullyresponsibleforthecompulsoryeducationinthisarea,anditshouldbeabletosolvetheproblemofcompulsoryeducationfunds."<п>——Regulatetheuseandmanagementofcompulsoryeducationfundsandimprovetheefficiencyoftheuseoffunds.Thedraftrequiresthatthebudgetforcompulsoryeducationbelistedseparately,thegovernment'sfinalaccountsandschoolrevenuesandexpendituresshouldbeannouncedtothepublic,andtheauditagencyshouldpublishtheresultsoftheauditoncompulsoryeducationfundstothepublic.<п>ChuHongqi,deanoftheSchoolofEducationandManagementofBeijingNormalUniversity,believesthattheincreaseinfundingsources,thebudgetandfinalaccountsofeducationfunding,andthedisclosureofschoolrevenuesandexpenditurestothepublicareahighlightofthedraftrevisionoftheCompulsoryEducationLaw.Theregulationofschoolfinancialdisclosurecanbetterstrengthenthemanagementoftheschool.<п>Обратите више пажње на рад наставника<п>Itisnecessarytoimprovethesalaryandfundingguaranteemechanismforteachersinruralprimaryandsecondaryschools.——WenJiabao’s"GovernmentWorkReport"<п>Inresponsetotheincreasinglyprominentissuesofteachertreatmentandteachingquality,thedraftrevisionoftheCompulsoryEducationLawhasmadespecialchaptersandprovisions:<п>——Strengthenteachertraining.Thedraftstipulatesthatgovernmentsatorabovethecountylevelshouldstrengthenteachertrainingandtakemeasurestodevelopteachereducation.<п>—Guaranteethetreatmentofteachers.Thedraftclearlystipulatesthatgovernmentsatalllevelsshouldtakemeasurestoimprovetheworkingandlivingconditionsofteachers;theaveragesalaryofteachersinpublicschoolsshouldbenolowerthanorhigherthantheaveragesalaryoflocalcivilservants.<п>——Strengthenthemanagementofteachers.ThedraftclearlystipulatesthatteachersshouldabidebytheConstitution,lawsandprofessionalethics,beexemplary,andcontinuouslyimprovetheirideologicalandpoliticalconsciousnessandthelevelofeducationandteaching;theyshouldabidebyschoolrulesandregulations,implementtheschool'steachingplan,performteacherduties,andcompleteeducationandteachingtasks.<п>——Clarifytherequirementsforteachers.Regulations:Ineducationandteaching,studentsshouldbetreatedequallyandtheirpersonalityshouldberespected,sothateachstudentcanbefullydeveloped;nokeyclassesshouldbearrangedinanyname,nodiscriminatingagainststudentsduetopersonalcharacteristics,nocorporalpunishmentorotherpunishmentsshouldbeimposedonstudentsActsthatinsulthumandignity;studentsmustnotbeexpelledinviolationofregulations.<п>Екцлудингсцхоолцхоице<п>Tosolvetheproblemofdifficultyingoingtoschoolinthecompulsoryeducationstageforchildrenofurbanlow-incomefamiliesandmigrantworkers,sothateverychildisequalOpportunitytoreceivecompulsoryeducation.——WenJiabao,"GovernmentWorkReport"<п>"Atpresent,oneofthebiggestproblemsofurbancompulsoryeducationistheunbalanceddevelopmentbetweenschools,whichisartificiallydividedintotwocategories,so-calledkeyschoolsandordinaryschools."YangDongpingsaid.<п>FormanyChineseurbanfamilies,receivingqualityeducationfortheirchildrenisatoppriority,andtheyarewillingtospendanymoney.Inanenvironmentwherethehardwarefacilities,faculty,andteachingqualityofdifferentschoolsvarygreatly,itisnotdifficulttounderstandthatschoolchoiceprevails.<п>Inordertosolvetheproblemofunreasonableallocationofcompulsoryeducationresources,thedraftrevisionoftheCompulsoryEducationLawhasstipulatedinmanyaspects:<п>——Intermsoffunding,thedraftrequirescounty-levelgovernmentsWhencompilingthebudgetofthedepartment,theeducationauthorityshouldgivepreferencetoruralschoolsandweakurbanschools;theStateCouncilandlocalgovernmentsatorabovethecountylevelsetupspecialfundstosupportruralandothereconomicallyunderdevelopedareastoimplementcompulsoryeducation.<п>Intermsofteachingresources,thedraftrequirescounty-levelgovernmenteducationauthoritiestotakemeasurestopromotethebalancedallocationofschoolteachers;backboneteachersofpublicschoolsshouldbeorganizedtogivelectures,thereisashortageofprofessionalteachersformobileteaching,publicschoolprincipalsAndteachersmovebetweenschools.<п>Intermsofmanagementandsupervision,thedraftrequiresgovernmentdepartmentsatalllevelstopromotethebalanceddevelopmentofschools,andnottodivideschoolsintokeyandnon-keyinanyname;theeducationauthoritiesofthegovernmentatorabovethecountylevelshouldtakemeasuresClosethegapandsoon.<п>Прохибитионофарбитрарицхаргес<п>Improvethelevelofpublicfundssecurityforprimaryandsecondaryschoolsinruralcompulsoryeducation.——WenJiabao's"GovernmentWorkReport"<п>Foraperiodoftime,thegeneralpublichasrespondedstronglytothearbitrarychargingofeducation,whichhascausedafinancialburdenonstudentsandparents."ZhangJianhuasaid,"Inruralareas,someschoolsdonothaveacomputeranddonottakecomputerclasses,buttheyhavetoletstudentsbuycomputertextbooks.Itisreallydumbfounding."<п>Inordertosolvetheproblemofunreasonableeducationcharges,thedraftamendmentoftheCompulsoryEducationLawproposesmanytargetedmeasuresinresponsetodifferentsituations:<п>——ProhibitionoftheuseoftutoringandteachingaidsThedraftclearlystipulatesthateducationandteachingactivitieswithinthescopeofthecurriculumstandardsshallnotbecharged;thedistributionofbooksandmaterialsotherthantextbookstostudentsshallnotbecharged.Accordingtorelevantexperts,inaccordancewiththisregulation,manyarbitrarychargingbehaviorswillbeNomore"reasonable"excuses.<п>——Itisforbiddentoorganizestudentstoengageinprofit-makingactivities.Thedraftstipulatesthatschoolsshallnotsellorsellgoodsindisguisedformtostudentsbythemselvesorinconjunctionwithothersocialorganizationsorindividuals.Service.<п>——Preventtextbooksfrombecomingaprofit-makingtool.Thedraftproposestoreducethetypesoftextbooksandreducethecostoftextbooks.TherelevantcompetentdepartmentoftheStateCouncilshalldeterminethebasepriceandfluctuationrangeoftextbooksaccordingtothecurriculumstandards.<п>p><п>RelevantexpertsanalyzedthatthedraftrevisionoftheCompulsoryEducationLawactuallyadoptedatwo-prongedapproachtothebehaviorofchargingindiscriminatelyineducation.“Ontheonehand,increaseinvestmentincompulsoryeducationtopreventschoolsfromreachingouttostudentsandparentsduetoinsufficientoperatingfunds;Ontheotherhand,throughtheaboveprohibitiveprovisions,itispossibletopreventindividualschoolsandteachersfromsettingupnamesandseekingpersonalgains.”

Познате реченице обавезног образовања

<п>Learnmathematics,physicsandchemistry,andyouwillnotbeafraidtotravelallovertheworld<п>Thepopularizationofcomputersshouldstartfromthebaby(artificialintelligence,bigdata,deeplearning))<п>Expandthesamplequestionsanddrawinferences(learnfromtheteacher’ssamplequestions,andlearntodrawinferences)<п>Научите енглески добро, тестирајте боље резултате, и видите већи свет (универзални језик, свет је велики, ако добро научите енглески, гоандсее)<п>Qualityeducationcanbeandisbecomingahiddentooltorealizeclassconsolidationandclasshereditary.(Bornasapoorperson,hehasalreadylostatthestartingline.PoorstudentsexperienceThereareaseriesofdisadvantages-low-qualityschoolsmeanpoor-qualitybasiceducationandlackofsupportwhenencounteringdifficulties.Inthepast,thereweretextbookexamplestolearn,andonlyhalfoftheexamcontentwaslearnedundertheburden-reductioneducation.Readingisuseless,happyeducation,Thehobbyisthebestteacher,thefailureofthecollegeentranceexaminationshowsthatIampatriotic,andthecollegeentranceexaminationabolishedEnglish/math...Icheeredforjoy,andusedtheirguessedso-calledforeignparadiseclassroomstojustifymystupidandlazylife.Intimes,it’salreadyunfortunatetobebornasapoorman.Plus,I’mstupid,andI’mnotawarethatI’vebeensold.)<п>Без обзира колико сте јадни, не можете имати лоше образовање.

Тхенатуреофдуцатион

<п>ThethreebasicnaturesofChina’scompulsoryeducationarecompulsory,publicwelfare,anduniformity.

СОЦИЈАЛНА ПОЛИТИКА

<п>Theso-calledpublicwelfareisclearlystipulatingthat“notuition,miscellaneousfeeswillbecharged"Thepublicwelfareandfreeofchargearelinked.AsstipulatedinArticle2oftherevisedcompulsoryeducation,thestateimplementsanine-yearcompulsoryeducationsystem.Compulsoryeducationistheeducationthatallschool-agechildrenandadolescentsmustreceiveinaunifiedmannerbythestate.СОЦИЈАЛНА ПОЛИТИКАundertakingsthatareguaranteed.Compulsoryeducationisimplemented,andtuitionandmiscellaneousfeesarenotcharged.Thestateestablishesacompulsoryeducationfundingguaranteemechanismtoensuretheimplementationofthecompulsoryeducationsystem.

Уједначеност

<п>УједначеностisAconceptthatrunsthrough.Thenewlawemphasizestheimplementationofaunifiedcompulsoryeducationthroughoutthecountry.Thisunificationincludestheestablishmentofaunifiedcompulsoryeducationstagetextbooksettingstandards,teachingstandards,fundingstandards,constructionstandards,andstudentpublicuse.Fundingstandards,etc.Theseunification-relatedcontentsarereflectedintheamendmentofthelawindifferentforms.

Обавезно

<п>Обавезноisalsocalledcompulsory.Letschool-agechildren,Juvenilesreceivingcompulsoryeducationistheobligationoftheschool,parentsandsociety.Whoeverviolatesthisobligationwillberegulatedbythelaw.Parentsshouldbeartheresponsibilityiftheydonotsendstudentstoschool;schoolsshouldnotacceptschool-agechildrenandteenagerstogotoschool.Responsibility;ifthegovernmentdoesnotprovidecorrespondingconditions,itmustberegulatedbylaw.

Закони и прописи

<п>Attachment:OrderofthePresidentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina<п>No.52<п>TheCompulsoryEducationLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinahasbeenThe22ndmeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheTenthNationalPeople’sCongressofthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasrevisedandadoptedon29.06.2006.Therevised"CompulsoryEducationLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina"isnowpromulgated,sinceSeptember1,2006Fromimplementation.<п>ХуЈинтао, председник Народне Републике Кине<п>29.06.2006<п>TheCompulsoryEducationLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina

МаинИмпацт

<п>1.Pointingoutthefundamentaldirectionofthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducation<п>Inthelastcentury,duetothedifferencesintheeconomicandculturallevelsofvariousregions,thecompulsoryeducationstagehasformedaregionThereisalargedevelopmentgapbetweencities,betweenurbanandruralareas,andevenbetweenschools.Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy,thisgaphaswidened.Thenew"CompulsoryEducationLaw"bringsthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationintothetrackofthelegalsystem,andtakestheideaof​​balancededucationasthefundamentalguidingideologyofthenew"CompulsoryEducationLaw".Itisembodiedinthepathofbalanceddevelopmentfromtherespectivedevelopmentinthepasttotoday.<п>2.Makeitclearthatcompulsoryeducationundertakestheimportantmissionofimplementingqualityeducation<п>Whenwepromotedcompulsoryeducationinthepast,wemainlysolvedtheproblemofchildren’sThereisnoquestionofqualityeducation.Thenew"CompulsoryEducationLaw"standsatanewhistoricalstartingpoint,putscompulsoryeducationonthetrackofimplementingqualityeducation,andregardstheimplementationofqualityeducationasanewhistoricalmissionofcompulsoryeducation.Thenew"CompulsoryEducationLaw"alsoputsemphasisoncultivatingstudents'independentthinkingability,practicalabilityandinnovationabilityasthefocusofpromotingstudents'all-rounddevelopment,andputsforwardaseriesofmeasurestoimplementqualityeducation.<п>3.Враћање природи бесплатног обавезног образовања<п>Universaleducation,compulsoryeducationandfreeeducationaretheessentialcharacteristicsofcompulsoryeducation.FreestepscanbebasedonThenationalconditionswillbeimplementedstepbystep,butthefeatureoffreemustbeadheredto.СОЦИЈАЛНА ПОЛИТИКАisthecharacteristicoftheentireeducationcause.Compulsoryeducationshouldbemorethorough,notonlyuniversalandcompulsory,butalsofree.Thenew"CompulsoryEducationLaw"hastakenanotherbigstepinfreeeducation,addingthecontentofnomiscellaneousfeesonthebasisofnotuitionfeesin1986.Thecentralgovernmentspendstwoyearsexemptingmiscellaneousfeesforcompulsoryeducationinruralareas;urbanareasneedtoconductin-depthinvestigationsandstudies,formulateplans,andspeeduptheprocess.<п>4.Furtherimprovedthemanagementsystemandstrengthenedprovincialoverallplanning<п>Amajorbreakthroughinthenew"CompulsoryEducationLaw"isthe"Onthebasisofthecounty-basedmanagementsystem,theoverallplanningandresponsibilitiesoftheprovincialgovernmenthavebeenfurtherincreased,andthetransitionfrom"people'seducationtothepeople'soffice"to"compulsoryeducationgovernment-run"isbeingpracticed.Itturnedoutthatwhenthetownshiplevelwasunabletotakeresponsibility,theoverallplanningresponsibilitywasplacedatthecountylevel.Thecountylevelbasicallyeatsfinancialresourcesandcannotaffordit.Thedevelopmentofthecausemustincreasetheresponsibilityoftheprovinciallevel.Forthebalanceddevelopmentofeducation,increasingtheprotectionofruraleducationfunds,andstrengtheningsupportforpoverty-strickenareas,provincialoverallplanningisveryimportant.Thisisalsoahighlightofthenew"CompulsoryEducationLaw."<п>5.Establishedaguaranteemechanismforcompulsoryeducationfunding<п>The"threeincreases"ofcompulsoryeducationfundingwereonceagainclarified;theestablishmentofruralcompulsoryeducationfundingThesharingmechanismisdividedintoprojectsandproportionately;thecompulsoryeducationbudgetisseparatelylisted;thespecialtransferpaymentforcompulsoryeducationisregulated;thespecialfundforcompulsoryeducationisestablished.Throughthesechannels,arelativelycompletefundingguaranteemechanismforcompulsoryeducationhasbeenestablished.<п>6.Guaranteetheequalrighttoreceivecompulsoryeducation<п>Thenew"CompulsoryEducationLaw"emphasizestheobligationtoacceptthechildrenofnon-hukouregistrationareas,especiallythechildrenofmigrantsTheissueofeducation;itisdeterminedthatthepeople'sgovernmentoftheplacewherethechildrenofthefloatingpopulationlivemustprovidethemwithequalconditionsforreceivingcompulsoryeducation,whichwillplayakeyroleinthesmoothprogressofurbanization.<п>7.Standardizetheschool-runningbehaviorofcompulsoryeducation<п>Inthepast,ourschool-runningbehaviorofcompulsoryeducationwasmainlyregulatedfromthepolicy.Thenew"CompulsoryEducationTheLawisrelativelyimportantinregulatingthebehaviorofrunningschoolsincompulsoryeducation:first,schoolsmustnotbedividedintokeyschoolsandnon-keyschools,andschoolsshouldnotbedividedintokeyandnon-keyclasses.Thekeyistoequitablyallocateresourcesandpoliciestoschools,andtheremustbenotiltinpolicies,funds,andresources.Thisarticlereflectsthestrongdesireofthewholesocietyforeducationfairness.Thesecondisthatthenatureofpublicschoolsmustnotbechangedordisguisedinanyname,thatis,"aprestigiousschoolcannotbetransformedintoaprivateschool."ThethirdistheprovisionsofArticle25,“Schoolsmustnotchargefeesinviolationofnationalregulations,andmustnotseekbenefitsbysellingordisguisingproductsorservicestostudents.”<п>8.Establishedanewteacherpositionsystemforcompulsoryeducation<п>Inthepast,ourprimaryandsecondaryschoolteachers’positionsweredividedintoprimaryandsecondaryschools.Intermediateandadvancedlevelscorrespondtoteachingassistants,lecturers,andassociateprofessors,butelementaryschoolsdonot.Thenew"CompulsoryEducationLaw"hasopenedupthesequenceofteacherpositionsinthecompulsoryeducationstage.Thedifferencebetweenelementaryandmiddleschoolsnolongerexists.Elementary,intermediate,andadvancedlevelscorrespondtoteachingassistants,lecturers,andassociateprofessors.Elementaryschoolteacherscanalsoevaluateassociateprofessors.Itisagreatencouragement.Infact,thetitlesofseniormiddleschoolteachersestablishedinthepasttoteachinelementaryschoolsarenotstandardized.Thisnewregulationisagreatincentivetomobilizetheenthusiasmofteachersanddisplaytheirtalents.Especiallyletelementaryschoolteachersseetheprospectsfortheirowndevelopmentandimprovement,whichisagospeltoelementaryschoolteachers.Thisbrand-newsystemhasmadenewbreakthroughsintheteacherpositionsystem.Ofcourse,somesupportingregulationsareneeded.<п>9.Enhancetheoperabilityoftheenforcementofthe"CompulsoryEducationLaw"<п>Completelystipulatethelegalresponsibilitiesofthe"CompulsoryEducationLaw",inArticle63Tenarticlesstipulatelegalresponsibilities,andraisetheenforcementandoperabilityofthe"CompulsoryEducationLaw"toanunprecedentedheight.Anditregulates22kindsofillegalactsthatviolatethe"CompulsoryEducationLaw"andtheirlegalresponsibilities.Althoughthepast18"CompulsoryEducationLaws"haveplayedagreathistoricalrole,theyarerelativelypoorinoperability.Thenew"CompulsoryEducationLaws"completelymakeupforthisshortcoming,greatlyenhanceoperability,andincreaselawenforcement.Intensity.

Имплементатионцасе

<п>DeputytotheNationalPeople’sCongress:Implementinga12-yearcompulsoryeducation<п><п>Boththe2008and2009NationalCommitteeshaveDeputiestotheNationalPeople'sCongresssuggestedthatcompulsoryeducationshouldbeimplementedfor12years.Somesuggestedthatkindergartensshouldbeincluded,andsomesuggestedthathighschoolsshouldbeincluded.However,bothtimeswererejectedbytheMinisterofEducationZhouJionthegroundsthateconomicconditionsdidnotallowitandthecountrycouldnotaffordit.Thisreasoncausedanuproarinthepublicopinion.<п>Inpractice,ShenmuCounty,ShaanxiProvincehasachievedtwelveyearsoffreecompulsoryeducation(includinghighschool)in2008,andachievedfreemedicalcareforallpeopleandfreecentralizedsupportfortheelderlyandthedisabledin2009.Realized15yearsoffreeeducationfrompreschooltohighschool.<п>In2008,KunmingCity,YunnanProvinceannouncedtheimplementationofa12-yearcompulsoryeducationpilot.In2009,itannouncedthatthereformhadfailedanditwaspostponedindefinitely.Beijingannouncedthatitisstudyingpreparationsfortheimplementationof12-yearcompulsoryeducation.<п>Asthescientificconceptofdevelopmentpenetratesthepeople,thetwelve-yearcompulsoryeducationwillinevitablybetransformedfromthepreparationofpublicopiniontotheimplementationofthelaw.Thisisaninevitablehistoricalprogress,butitneedsthepromotionofalllevelsofsociety.<п>HenanDepartmentofEducation:Graduallyimplementfreestudentcardscontainingstudentstatusinformation<п>May1,2014"ImplementationRulesfortheManagementofStudentStatusinCompulsoryEducationinHenanProvince(Trial)"officiallyimplemented.<п>ThestudentstatusmanagementinHenanProvinceusestheNationalPrimaryandSecondarySchoolStudentStatusInformationManagementSystem.Thestudentstatusnumberisbasedonthestudent'sresidentIDnumber,whichisunique.Studentstatusmanagementimplementsoneperson,onenumber,andthestatusgoeswitheachpersonandremainsunchangedforlife.Inthefuture,freestudentcardscontainingstudentstatusinformationwillbegraduallyimplemented.<п>Schoolsshouldestablishastudentstatusfileforastudentwithin1monthfromthedateofenrollment,whichshouldincludenotonlythebasicinformationofthestudentstatus,informationchanges,etc.,butalsothestudent’sstudentstatusinformationcertificationmaterialsandphysicalhealthTestandhealthcheck-upinformation,vaccinationinformation,award-winninginformationduringschool,andcomprehensivequalitydevelopmentreport,etc.Inaddition,participationincommunityservice,socialpractice,sportsskillsandartisticexpertisemustalsobereflectedinthestudentrecord.<п>HenanProvincialDepartmentofEducation:Theschoolshallnotorderstudentstorepeatordropout<п>TheschoolstrictlyprohibitsacceptingunderagestudentsundersixyearsofageEnrollment.Duringthecompulsoryeducationstage,theschoolcannotorderstudentstorepeat,transfer,suspendordropoutofschool,andcannotexpelstudents.Studentswillnotbetransferredduringtheperiodofsuspensionandpunishment.<п>Inaddition,compulsoryeducationgenerallydoesnotallowskippinggrades.Forstudentswhoareparticularlyexcellentinmoral,intellectual,physical,andaesthetics,andhaveadvancedlearningcapabilitiesthatreallyneedtoskipagrade,theirlegalguardiancansubmitawrittenapplicationforskippingagrade.Afterreviewandapproval,theycanskipagrade,anditislimitedtothescopeoftheschool.<п>HenanProvincialDepartmentofEducation:Foursituationscanbetransferred<п>Studentswithoneofthefollowingfoursituationsshouldbeallowedtotransfer:thestudent’sparentsorotherlegalrequirementsTheguardian'shouseholdregistrationistransferredacrossprovinces,cities,counties(cities,districts)oracrossschooldistricts,townships(towns)withinthecounty(city,district);parentsorotherlegalguardiansofstudentsgoabroad(border)forworkandsupportforalongtimeonbusinessForreasonssuchasfrontierconstruction,activemilitarypersonnel(includingarmedpolice),theirchildrenlivewithrelativesinplacesotherthantheirhouseholdregistration;childrenofschool-agechildrenofthemigrantpopulationmoveacrossprovinces,cities,counties(cities,districts);childrenofmigrantworkersGotoschoolintheplaceofinflow.<п>Thetransferisgenerallyhandledwithintwomonthsafterthestartofthenewsemester.Thetransfer-inandtransfer-outschoolandtheschoolregistrationauthoritiesofbothpartiesshallcompletethetransferofstudentstatuswithin10workingdaysrespectively.<п>ThePolitburo:TakespecialmeasurestosupportthedevelopmentofsouthernXinjiang<п>OnMay26,2014,thePolitburooftheCentralCommitteeheldameetingtostudyfurtherpromotingsocialstabilityinXinjiangWorkwithlong-termpeaceandstability.XiJinping,GeneralSecretaryoftheCPCCentralCommittee,presidedoverthemeeting.Themeetingheldthatitisnecessarytoseverelycombatviolentterroristactivitiesasthefocusofthecurrentstruggle,sothattheinfiltrationandspreadofreligiousextremistforcesandviolentterroristactivitiescanbecontained.AndtakespecialmeasurestosupportthedevelopmentofsouthernXinjiangandstrengthentheXPCC'scapacitytomaintainstabilityanddefendborders.ComprehensivelyimprovethequalityofeducationatalllevelsandtypesofschoolsinXinjiang,andimplementfreehighschooleducationinsouthernXinjiang.<п>MinistryofEducation:Compulsoryeducationschoolsshallnotholdentranceexaminations<п>6. августа 2014. Завод за образовање је издао „Стандарде управљања за школе обавезног образовања (пробно)“.<п>Compulsoryeducationschoolsmustadheretotheprincipleoffreeentranceexaminations,anddonotholdanyformofentranceorentranceexaminations,anddonotusevariouscompetitions,gradeexaminations,andawardcertificatesasthebasisforstudents'entranceoradvancement.<п>Accordingtonationallawsandregulationsandtherelevantprovisionsoftheeducationadministrativedepartment,implementtheenrollmentplan,disclosethescope,procedure,time,andresults,andensuretheequalrightofschool-agechildrenandadolescentstoreceivecompulsoryeducation.Implementbalancedclasses,regardlessofkeyclassesandnon-keyclasses.Relevantpersonnelareinvitedtoparticipateintheclassarrangementprocessandacceptsupervisionfromallparties.Implementafeepublicitysystemandstrictlyimplementthestate'sregulationsonfreecompulsoryeducation.<п>MinistryofEducation:Establishinga"DropoutControlandGuaranteedSchool"workingmechanism<п>OnAugust6,2014,theEducationBureauannouncedtheestablishmentofthe"DropoutControlandGuaranteedSchool"workmechanism.<п>Schoolsneedtoactivelycontacttheparentsofdropoutstudentsandactivelyhelpstudentsreturntoschoolinresponsetothereasonsfordropout.Strengthenteachermanagementandprofessionalethicsconstruction.Teachersarerequiredtorespectstudents’personalities,refrainfromsarcasm,sarcasm,ordiscriminateagainststudents,donotpunishstudentsphysicallyorindisguisedforms,acceptgiftsfromstudentsorparents,anddonotengageinpaidsupplementarylessons.Careaboutteachers'livingconditionsandphysicalandmentalhealth,oftenorganizevariousactivities,andarrangeregularphysicalexaminationsforteachers.

Значај

<п>Compulsoryeducationisauniversal,compulsory,andfreeschooleducationthatisuniformlyimplementedforallschool-agechildrenandadolescentsinaccordancewiththelaw.Itisthebasisforimprovingthequalityofthenation.Thestartingpointforachievingsocialjustice.Receivingcompulsoryeducationisabasicrightofcitizens,implementingcompulsoryeducationisanimportantdutyofthegovernment,andsupportingcompulsoryeducationisthecommontaskofthewholesociety.<п>CompulsoryeducationhasalwaysbeenthetoppriorityofChina'seducationreformanddevelopment.Atthebeginningofthiscentury,Chinahasachievedthegoalofuniversalizingnine-yearcompulsoryeducation,andfirstlysolvedtheproblemofschool-agechildrenandadolescents"gettingtoschool"asstipulatedbylaw.Aftercompulsoryeducationisfullyuniversalizedandfree,thestatehasmadeitclearthatthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationisthetoppriorityofcompulsoryeducation,andwemuststrivetoachievethegoaloflettingallschool-agechildrenandadolescents"gotoschool."<п>Compulsoryeducationisabasicpublicserviceforallschool-agechildrenandadolescents.Itisthelegalresponsibilityofthegovernmenttoprovideabasicallybalancedcompulsoryeducation.Everyschool-agechildandadolescentshouldhaveequalopportunitiestoreceivequalitycompulsoryeducation.Thenatureofcompulsoryeducationdeterminesthatcompulsoryeducationmustdevelopinabalancedmanner.<п>Itmustbenotedthatthetaskofadvancingbalanceddevelopmentismorearduousandcomplicatedthanthetaskofrealizingpopularization,anditwilltakelonger.Atpresent,theunbalancedcontradictionsbetweenregions,urbanandruralareas,andschoolsarestillprominent.Promotingthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationintheregionwillbeaccompaniedbytheentireprocessofreducingthedifferencesinthelevelofrunningschoolsbetweenschoolsandimprovingtheoverallqualityofeducation;promotingurbanandruralobligationsThebalanceddevelopmentofeducationwillbeaccompaniedbytheentireprocessofurban-ruralintegrationandthegradualreductionofurban-ruraldifferences;promotingthebalanceddevelopmentofinter-regionalcompulsoryeducationwillbeaccompaniedbytheentireprocessofsolvingregionaleconomicandsocialimbalancesandimprovingtheeducationlevelinthecentralandwesternregions.<п>Inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthe"OutlineofEducationPlan"and"OutlineoftheTwelfthFive-YearPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina",alllocalitiesshouldtaketheopportunityofsigningamemorandumonthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationtoclarifythebalanceofcompulsoryeducationTimetableandroadmapfordevelopment,inspiringspirits,andworkinghardtoachievethegoalsandtasksofthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationasscheduled.

Главне политике

<п>In2005,theMinistryofEducationissuedthe"OpinionsonFurtherPromotingtheBalancedDevelopmentofCompulsoryEducation",requiringalllocalitiestopromotethebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationasaftertherealizationofthe"twobases"Animportanttaskforthedevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationistostudyandformulategoals,tasks,implementationstepsandpolicymeasuresforthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationintheregion.<п>In2006,theMinistryofEducationheldanationalon-siteexperienceexchangemeetingonpromotingthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationinChengdu,requiringthreetofiveyearstomakeeffortstoachieveamorereasonableallocationofcompulsoryeducationresourcesintheregion.<п>In2009,theMinistryofEducationheldanationalon-siteexperienceexchangemeetingonpromotingthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationinHandanCity,HebeiProvince,carefullysummedupandexchangedeffectivepracticesandexperiencesinpromotingthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationinvariousregions,andcommendedthepromotionobligationAdvancedareasforbalanceddevelopmentofeducation,andputforwardaphasedgoalofstrivingtoachieveapreliminarybalanceofcompulsoryeducationintheregionby2012andabasicbalanceofcompulsoryeducationintheregionby2020.<п>In2010,theMinistryofEducationissuedthe"OpinionsonImplementingtheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentandFurtherPromotingtheBalancedDevelopmentofCompulsoryEducation",whichclearlyputforwardthegoalofbalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducation,andrationallyallocateeducationalresourcestoimprovefundingsecurityProvideguidanceonthelevel,systemconstructionandmechanisminnovation,andimprovethelevelofeducationandteaching,soastopromotethebalanceddevelopmentandenhancementofcompulsoryeducation.<п>In2011,inaccordancewiththerequirementsofthe"EducationPlanningOutline",theMinistryofEducationformulatedasub-planforcompulsoryeducationandasub-planforteacherteambuilding,andstartedthestandardizationconstructionprojectforcompulsoryeducationschoolstogetherwithrelevantdepartmentstodeepentheobligationTheeducationfundingguaranteemechanism,thespecialpostplanforprimaryandsecondaryschoolteachers,thenationalteachertrainingplan,therenovationplanforweakruralschools,andtheschoolbuildingsafetyprojectforprimaryandsecondaryschoolshaveincreasedsupportforthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationinvariousregions.<п>InMarch2011,theMinistryofEducationsignedamemorandumonthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationwith16provinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesincludingBeijingtofurtherpromotethebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationattheprovincialandministeriallevel.ThememorandumclarifiestheresponsibilitiesandtasksoftheMinistryofEducationandtheprovinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment.Eachprovincehasonecharacteristic,andhighlightsthepertinenceandoperability.Subsequently,theMinistryofEducationwillalsosignamemorandumonthebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationwithotherprovinces(regions).<п>Thisreformbeganin2006andplanstograduallyrolloutacrossthecountryinfiveyears.Sincethebeginningofschoolinthespringof2006,12provincesinthewest,theXinjiangConstructionCorps,andsomecountiesandcitiesinthecentralregionthatenjoythewesternpolicyhavefullyimplementedreforms.Promoteitinruralareasandfocusonconsolidationinthreeyears.Thebasicprincipleofthisreformisto“clarifytheresponsibilitiesatalllevels,sharetheresponsibilityofthecentralandlocalgovernments,increasefiscalrevenue,improvethelevelofsecurity,andorganizetheimplementationstepbystep”,andgraduallyincorporatecompulsoryeducationinruralareasintothescopeofpublicfinancialsecurity.Fordifferentcontentofeducationexpenditures,anewmechanismforensuringfundsforruralcompulsoryeducation,whichisdividedintoprojectsbythecentral,provincial,municipal,andcounty(district),issharedinproportion,andthefundsarecoordinatedattheprovinciallevelandmanagedbythecounty.Inadditiontoincreasingtheguaranteeoffacultyandstaffsalariesunderthecurrentsystem,publicexpenditures,schoolbuildingmaintenanceandrenovationfunds,andfundingforstudentsfrompoorfamilies,etc.,arepaidbythecentralgovernmentbasedontheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentandfinancialconditionsofeachregion.Implementdifferentsharingratiostoensure.<п>OnJuly30,2008,PremierWenJiabaooftheStateCouncilpresidedoveranexecutivemeetingoftheStateCounciltostudyanddeploythecomprehensiveexemptionoftuitionandmiscellaneousfeesforstudentsintheurbancompulsoryeducationstage.Themeetingdecidedthatstartingfromthefallsemesterof2008,alltuitionandmiscellaneousfeesforstudentsinurbancompulsoryeducationwillbeexemptednationwide.Forcompulsoryeducationstudentsfromfamiliesenjoyingtheminimumlivingsecuritypolicyforurbanresidents,continuetoprovidefreetextbooks,andsubsidizelivingexpensesforboardingstudentswhosefamilieshavefinancialdifficulties.<п>InJune2020,thecentralgovernmentallocated169.59billionyuaninurbanandruralcompulsoryeducationsubsidiesfor2020,anincreaseof13.06billionyuanor8.3%overthepreviousyear.Subsidyfundsfocusonsupportingthelocalimplementationoftheurbanandruralcompulsoryeducationfundingguaranteemechanism,andtheimplementationofthespecialpostplanforruralcompulsoryeducationteachersandthenutritionimprovementplanforstudents.<п>Deepeningthereformoftheruralcompulsoryeducationfundingguaranteemechanismistosolvetheproblemofruralcompulsoryeducationfundingguaranteefromthesystemandmechanism,andfullyincorporateruralcompulsoryeducationintothescopeoffinancialguarantee.Itcanalsobesaidthatruralschoolsinthecompulsoryeducationstagearetheunitsthatbenefitmostfromthenewmechanism.Regardlessofresponsibilities,obligations,andbenefits,ourruralprimaryandsecondaryschoolsshouldstandinthepositionofprotectingthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofschoolsandstudents,andbeobjective.Truly,comprehensivelyandmeticulouslyreflectthebasicneedsofschooleducationandteachingforfunds,andactivelyprepareschoolbudgets.Whetherthenewmechanismcanbesuccessfullyimplemented,managementisthekey.Therefore,wemusttakethisreformasanopportunitytoestablishandimproveastandardizedbudgetsystemforruralprimaryandsecondaryschoolstoensurethateachschool'sexpenditureisbased,sourced,guaranteed,effective,andsupervised.<п>"NoticeoftheStateCouncilonDeepeningtheReformoftheRuralCompulsoryEducationFundingGuaranteeMechanism"<п>I.Fullyunderstandthesignificanceofdeepeningthereformoftheruralcompulsoryeducationfundguaranteemechanism<п>2.Themaincontentofdeepeningthereformofruralcompulsoryeducationfundingguaranteemechanism<п>(1)Alltuitionandmiscellaneousfeesforruralcompulsoryeducationstudentsareexempted,textbooksareprovidedforstudentsfrompoorfamiliesandthelivingexpensesofboardingstudentsaresubsidized.<п>(2)Improvethelevelofpublicfundssecurityforprimaryandsecondaryschoolsinruralcompulsoryeducation.<п>(3)Establishalong-termmechanismforthemaintenanceandrenovationofprimaryandsecondaryschoolbuildingsinruralcompulsoryeducation.<п>(4)Consolidateandimprovethesalaryguaranteemechanismforruralprimaryandsecondaryschoolteachers.<п>3.Implementationstepsofreformingruralcompulsoryeducationfundingguaranteemechanism<п>(1)In2006,allprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsinruralcompulsoryeducationinthewesternregionwereexemptedfromtuitionandmiscellaneousfees;Regionalruralprimaryandsecondaryschoolsinthecompulsoryeducationstagewillarrangepublicfundingsubsidiestoimprovethelevelofpublicfundingsecurity;anewmechanismforensuringfundsforthemaintenanceandrenovationofschoolbuildingsinruralprimaryandsecondaryschoolsacrossthecountryhasbeenlaunched.<п>(2)In2007,allelementaryandmiddleschoolstudentsinruralcompulsoryeducationinthecentralandeasternregionswereexemptedfromtuitionandmiscellaneousfees;thecentralgovernmentalsoarrangedpublicsubsidiesforprimaryandsecondaryschoolsinruralcompulsoryeducationinthecentralandeasternregions,Improvethelevelofpublicfundssecurity.<п>(3)In2008,thepublicexpendituresforprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudentsinruralareasofcompulsoryeducationallreachedthebasicstandardforpublicexpendituresperstudentpromulgatedbytheprovince(region,city)beforethebeginningofthefallsemesterof2005;thecentralfinancialarrangementFundingtoexpandthecoverageoffreetextbooks.<п>(4)In2009,thecentralgovernmentissuedabenchmarkquotaforpublicfundsforprimaryandsecondaryschoolsinruralcompulsoryeducation.Thebasicstandardofpublicexpenditureperstudentsetbyeachprovince(autonomousregion,municipality)islowerthanthedifferenceofthebenchmarkquota,and50%isallocatedfortheyear.Therequiredfundsarejointlybornebythecentralandlocalfinancesinaccordancewiththeproportionoffreetuitionandmiscellaneousfees.<п>(5)In2010,thebenchmarkquotasofpublicfundsforprimaryandsecondaryschoolsinruralcompulsoryeducationwillbefullyimplemented.<п>Thereformofthefundingguaranteemechanismforprimaryandsecondaryschoolsinthecompulsoryeducationstageofagriculturalreclamation,forestfarms,etc.,willbeimplementedsimultaneouslywiththeruralareasinwhichtheyarelocated,andtherequiredfundingwillbeguaranteedinaccordancewiththecurrentsystem.Urbancompulsoryeducationshouldalsograduallyimprovethefundingguaranteemechanism.Thespecificimplementationmethodwillbedeterminedbythelocalgovernment,andtherequiredfundingwillbebornebythelocalgovernment.Amongthem,studentsinthecompulsoryeducationstageoffamiliesenjoyingtheminimumlivingsecuritypolicyforurbanresidentsenjoythe“twoexemptionsandonesubsidy”policysimultaneouslywithlocalruralprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudents;Studentsinurbancompulsoryeducationenjoythesamepolicy.<п>Четири. Ојачати лидерство и обезбедити имплементацију<п>(1)Strengthenorganizationalleadershipanddoagoodjobofcoordinationandcooperation.<п>(2)Implementresponsibilitysharingandstrengthenfundmanagement.<п>(3) Убрзати свеобухватну реформу образовања.<п>(4)Worktogethertomanageandstrengthensupervisionandinspection.<п>(5) Интензивирати јавни рад.<п>(6) Јачање безбедносног образовања и управљања.<п>OnMay27,2017,thecompulsoryeducationstageofprimaryandsecondaryschooltextbooksinJiangsuProvinceachievedfullcoverageofgreenprinting.

Процес развоја

<п>InthehistoryofChineseeducation,in1904,primaryeducationwasstipulatedascompulsoryeducation.The"CompulsoryEducationLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina"passedattheFourthSessionoftheSixthNationalPeople'sCongressonApril12,1986stipulatesthatthecountryimplementsnine-yearcompulsoryeducation.Requireprovinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmenttodeterminethestepstoimplementcompulsoryeducationbasedontheeconomicandculturaldevelopmentoftheregion.ThelawcameintoeffectonJuly1ofthesameyear.ThisisthemostimportanteducationlawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinasincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,markingthatChinahasestablishedacompulsoryeducationsystem.InDecember2005,theStateCouncilissuedthe"NoticeonDeepeningtheReformofRuralCompulsoryEducationFundingGuaranteeMechanism"tograduallyincorporateruralcompulsoryeducationintothescopeofpublicfinancialguarantees,andestablishcentralandlocalsub-projectsandproportionallyshareruralcompulsoryeducationfunds.Guaranteethenewmechanism.Thishaslaidaverygoodfoundationforcompulsoryeducationlegislation.<п>Thenew"CompulsoryEducationLaw"willbeimplementedonSeptember1,2006.ThenewlyrevisedCompulsoryEducationLawfinallyclarified:"Thestatewillfullyincorporatecompulsoryeducationintothescopeoffinancialguarantees,andtheStateCouncilandlocalpeople'sgovernmentsatalllevelsshallguaranteethefundsforcompulsoryeducationinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthislaw.""Compulsoryeducationgovernment-run"isarealchange.Thecountryhasrealizedthepopularizationofnine-yearcompulsoryeducationnationwide.Withthedevelopmentofsocialeconomy,highschooleducationorpre-schooleducationhasbeenincludedinthescopeofcompulsoryeducation,sothattheimplementationoftwelve-yearcompulsoryeducationhasalreadymettherealisticconditions.ChinaThismeasurehasbeentriedoutinafewareas,butitismainlyconcentratedindevelopedareassuchascoastalareasandhasnotbeenwidelyspread.SomemembersoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConferenceproposedthatthe12-yearcompulsoryeducationshouldbepopularizedthroughoutthecountry.Therearedifferentopinionsinthesociety.Somescholarsbelievethatthetimeisnotyetripe,andsomescholarsbelievethatChina'sbasicconditionsarealreadyinplace.Therefore,theproposaltopopularizetwelve-yearcompulsoryeducationnationwideisstillunderfurtherdemonstration.<п>TheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilissuedthe"SeveralOpinionsonComprehensivelyDeepeningRuralReformandAcceleratingtheAdvancementofAgriculturalModernization."Article29reads:Acceleratetheimprovementofthebasicconditionsforrunningcompulsoryschoolsinruralareas,andappropriatelyimproveruralcompulsoryeducationstudents.Equalizepublicexpenditurestandards,supportandstandardizeruralprivateeducation,effectivelyintegratevariousruralculturalprojectsandresources,promotethestandardizationofcountyandtownshippublicculturalandsportsfacilitiesandservices,strengthenthestandardizedmanagementofruralminimumlivingsecurity,andcarryoutruralpublicservicestandardizationpilotwork.

Кини

<п>Одговорности жупанијске владе<п>Thecounty-levelgovernmenthasthemainresponsibilityforthedevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationintheregion,emphasizingmanagementItisverynecessarytofocusonthecounty.Inthepast,therewasapracticeoffocusingoncountiesinsomeareas,whichmadethepowerandfinancialpowerofcompulsoryeducationasymmetryanddampenedtheenthusiasmofthegrassrootsgovernmenttomanageandimplementcompulsoryeducation.County-basedmanagementismanifestedintwoaspects:<п>Thefirstistomanagefundswell.Inadditiontothecounty-levelgovernmentundertakingthefundsinaccordancewiththeproportiondeterminedbytheprovincialgovernment,amoreimportanttaskistomanageandusethefundswell.Allthefundsforcompulsoryeducationshouldbeincludedinthebudget,ascientific,standardized,efficientandquickfundallocationsystemshouldbeestablished,andfundsshouldbeallocatedscientificallyandrationallytoensurethatthefundsareinplaceintimeandinfull.Establishandimprovevariousfinancialmanagementsystemsforruralprimaryandsecondaryschools,strengthensupervisionandinspection,andimprovetheefficiencyoffunduse;<п>Thesecondistoberesponsiblefortheimplementationofcompulsoryeducation.Includingtheplanning,setting,layoutadjustment,andmanagementofcompulsoryeducationschools,guidingschooleducationandteaching,ensuringschoolsafety,cultivatingteachers,arrangingteachersinabalancedmanner,andorganizingtheflowofprincipalsandteachersofpublicschoolsforcompulsoryeducationintheadministrativearea.<п>Примарна одговорност покрајинске владе<п>Theprovincialgovernmentisthehighestadministrativeagencyinthelocalityandisresponsibleforvariouslocalpublicutilitiesincludingcompulsoryeducation.Primaryresponsibility.Judgingfromthesituation,theprovincialgovernmentisstillfarfromtherequirementsofpublicservicefunctions.Emphasizingoverallplanningattheprovinciallevelistoincreasetheresponsibilitiesattheprovinciallevel.Thisisacontentofthenewsystemthatdeservesattention.<п>Theprovincialgovernmentoneimportantcoordinatestheimplementationofruralcompulsoryeducationfundingwithinitsjurisdiction,determinesthefundingsharingresponsibilitiesofgovernmentsatalllevelsbelowtheprovince,andimplementstransferpaymentsarrangedbythecentralgovernmentandlocalgovernmentsatalllevelsThefundsthatshouldbeassumed,theamountofcompulsoryeducationfundscorrespondingtotheirresponsibilitiesandfinancialresources,andtheformulationofvariouspoliciesandmeasuresforthereformofthefundingguaranteemechanismwithinthejurisdiction;<п>SecondimportanttocoordinatetheobligationswithintheprovinceTheorganizationandcoordinationofeducationwork,formulatetheprovince’scompulsoryeducationpolicies,plans,andvariousstandardsforcompulsoryeducation,coordinatetheallocationofeducationalresources,andpromotethebalanceddevelopmentofcompulsoryeducationintheprovince.Regardlessoftheinputsystemorthemanagementsystem,theoverallplanningroleoftheprovincialgovernmentisveryimportant.Iftheprovincialgovernmentcaneffectivelyshoulderthisresponsibilityandstraightenoutthesystembelowtheprovince,relatedproblemswillbeeasiertosolve.

Хонг Конг

<п>EducationisthelargestiteminthetotalexpenditureoftheХонг КонгSpecialAdministrativeRegionGovernment,anditsexpenditurebudgetexceedsone-fifthofthetotalexpenditure.<п>BasiceducationSystem<п>Хонг Конг’sschoolsystemincludestwoorthreeyearsofearlychildhoodeducation,followedbysixyearsPrimaryeducation,threeyearsofjuniorhighschooleducation,twoyearsofhighschooleducation,twoyearsofsixthformeducation(equivalenttopre-university),andthreeyearsoftertiaryeducation.AllkindergartensinХонг Конгareorganizedbyassociationsandprivateindividuals,andtheyareprivateschools.<п>Хонг Конг’searlychildhoodeducation(alsoknownaspre-schooleducation)isdividedintotwosystems.OneisakindergartenunderthejurisdictionoftheEducationDepartmentoftheХонг КонгGovernment.TheothersystemisakindergartenunderthejurisdictionoftheSocialWelfareDepartmentoftheХонг КонгGovernment.<п>Accordingtothesourceoffundingandthenatureofthemanagementorganization,Хонг Конгeducationincludes:<п>1.Governmentschoolsarealsocalledgovernmentschools.Theschoolbuildingsarebuiltbythegovernment,theprincipalsandteachersarelistedascivilservants,andthefundsarepaidbythegovernment.<п>2. Помоћне школе су такозване субвенционисане школе. Удружења (укључујући цркве, добротворне организације, удружења суграђана, итд.) или приватне школе које стварају профит примају сва државна средства.<п>3.Privateboughtplaceschool.Inaprivatelyestablishedandoperatedsecondaryschool,part(orall)ofthejuniorhighschooldegreeis"buy"bythetuitionfeecollectedbythegovernment.These"buy"degrees,likedegreesingovernmentschoolsandaidedschools,areuniformlyallocatedbythegovernment.<п>4.Independentschool.Therearenoprivateschoolsthatareoperatedbyprivateorganizationsorindividuals,andhavenotreceivedfundingorbuyplaces.<п>AmongtheprimaryschoolsinХонг Конг,therearemorethan400aidedprimaryschools,accountingforthevastmajority;therearemorethan70privateprimaryschoolsandnearly50governmentprimaryschools,theleastnumber.<п>Средње образовање<п>Aftergraduatingfromelementaryschool,studentscanbeassignedtopubliclyfundedjuniorhighschoolstostudyingovernment,subsidizedandprivateboughtplacehighschools(acceptPrivateschoolsinwhichthegovernmentallocatesstudentsandcollecttuitionfromthegovernmentarecalledbuy-placeschools).Sincetheimplementationof9yearsoffreecompulsoryeducationinSeptember1978,6yearsofprimaryschooland3yearsofjuniorhighschoolhavebeenfreecompulsoryeducation.<п>Accordingtothe"EducationRegulations",parentswhodonotsendtheirchildrentoschoolwithoutgoodreasonmustbeimprisonedfor3monthsandfined5,000yuan.Aftergraduatingfromjuniorhighschool,accordingtothe"averageselectionrate"allocationmethod,theeducationauthoritywillselectthreestudentsforpromotiontothesecondaryfourdegreesofgovernment,sponsored,andprivatehighschoolsbasedonthestudents'schoolperformanceandthechoicesoftheirparents.Studentscanalsochoosetoentertechnicalcollegesandindustrialtrainingcentersforadvancedtechnicalcourses.Onthewhole,Хонг Конгhasbasicallyuniversalizedsecondaryeducation.<п>Amongthethreetypesofgovernment,aidedandprivatemiddleschools,aidedschoolsarethemost,about320;privateschoolsarethesecond,withnearly90;governmentmiddleschoolsaretheleast,about40.

НевРегулатионс

<п>Accordingtothe"ImplementationRulesfortheManagementofPrimaryandSecondarySchoolStudents'StudentStatus(Trial)"ofGuangdongProvincethathasbeenofficiallyimplemented,theschoolshallprovidetheToestablishastudent’sstudentstatusfile,thecompetentauthorityshallpromptlyapprovethestudent’sstudentstatusthroughtheelectronicstudentstatussystem.Thestudentstatusnumberisgeneratedonthebasisofthestudent’sresidentIDnumber,oneforeachperson,andremainsunchangedforlife.<п>The"DetailedRegulations"clearlystipulatesthatduringthe9-yearcompulsoryeducationperiod,theschoolshallnotpersuadeorexpelstudentsforanyreason.Forstudentswhoviolatedisciplinesandfailtocorrectthemafterrepeatedinstruction,dependingontheseverityofthecircumstances,theschoolcanonlypunishstudentsinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofprimaryandsecondaryschoolsGivewarnings,seriouswarnings,anddemerits.<п>The"DetailedRegulations"alsoclarifiedthat"studentswhohavecomprehensivedevelopmentinmoral,intellectual,physical,etc.,haveoutstandingacademicperformance,andhavereachedtheacademicabilityofthefirstgradeinadvance,canapplyforskippinggradesbythestudentsthemselvesandtheirparents.Theschoolconductsacomprehensiveassessmentandsubmitsittotheeducationadministrativedepartmentatorabovethecountylevel(forgeneralhighschools,awrittenreporttotheeducationadministrativedepartmentatthecitylevelorabove)forapproval,andonelevelcanbeskipped."

РеформСуггестионс

<п>OnJune23,2019,theOpinionsoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilonDeepeningEducationandTeachingReformandComprehensivelyImprovingtheQualityofCompulsoryEducation<п>Thequalityofcompulsoryeducationisrelatedtothehealthygrowthofhundredsofmillionsofchildrenandthedevelopmentofthecountry.It'saboutthefutureofthenation.InordertothoroughlyimplementthespiritoftheNineteenthNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandthedeploymentoftheNationalEducationConference,acceleratethemodernizationofeducation,buildastrongeducationcountry,andruneducationthatsatisfiesthepeople,weherebyputforwardthefollowingopinionsondeepeningeducationandteachingreformandcomprehensivelyimprovingthequalityofcompulsoryeducation.<п>1.Persevereinestablishingmoralityandfosteringpeople,andfocusoncultivatingnewcomersoftheerawhoareresponsiblefornationalrejuvenation<п>Друго, истовремено се придржавати "пет образовања" и свеобухватно развијати квалитетно образовање<п>3.Strengthentheroleofthemainpositionintheclassroomandeffectivelyimprovethequalityofclassroomteaching<п>4.Buildateamofhigh-qualityandprofessionalteachersinaccordancewiththestandardof"FourGoodTeachers"<п>5.ThekeytodeepeningReformofthefieldtocreateconditionsforimprovingthequalityofeducation<п>VI.Strengthenorganizationalleadershipandcreateaneweraofcompulsoryeducationreformanddevelopment

КуалитиЕвалуатион

<п>"GuidelinesforCompulsoryEducationКуалитиЕвалуатион"<п>Inordertoimplementtheimportantinstructionsof"BreakingtheFiveStandards"putforwardbyGeneralSecretaryJinPingattheNationalEducationConference,accordingtotherequirementsoftherelevantcentraldocuments,theCentralEducationWorkLeadingGroupAgree,theMinistryofEducationandothersixdepartmentsjointlyissuedthe"GuidelinesforEvaluationofCompulsoryEducationQuality"(hereinafterreferredtoas"EvaluationGuidelines").<п>The"EvaluationGuide"emphasizesthatitisnecessarytoadheretotheguidanceofXiJinping’sneweraofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,fullyimplementtheparty’seducationalpolicy,followthelawofstudentgrowthandeducation,andacceleratetheestablishmentofadevelopment-orientedqualityeducationCompulsoryeducationqualityevaluationsystem;wemustadheretotherightdirection,educatepeople,problem-oriented,promoteconstructionthroughevaluation,andcomprehensivelyimprovethequalityofcompulsoryeducation.<п>Compulsoryeducationqualityevaluationindexsystemincludesthreelevels:county,school,andstudent.Theevaluationofcountycompulsoryeducationqualitymainlyincludesfiveaspects:valueorientation,organizationalleadership,teachingconditions,teacherteam,andbalanceddevelopment.Itaimstopromotelocalpartycommitteesandgovernmentstoadheretothedirectionofsocialisteducation,strengthentheleadershipofcompulsoryeducation,andperformcompulsoryeducation.Responsibilitiestopromotethehigh-qualityandbalanceddevelopmentofcountycompulsoryeducation.Theevaluationofschoolqualitymainlyincludesfiveaspectsincludingschoolorientation,curriculumteaching,teacherdevelopment,schoolmanagement,andstudentdevelopment.Itaimstopromoteschoolstoimplementthecomprehensivetrainingrequirementsofmorality,intelligence,physicaleducation,artandlabor,in-depthimplementationofqualityeducation,andfullystimulatethevitalityofschoolrunning.Improvethelevelofrunningschoolsandthequalityofeducation.Theevaluationofstudentdevelopmentqualitymainlyincludesfiveaspects:studentmoraldevelopment,academicdevelopment,physicalandmentaldevelopment,aestheticliteracy,laborandsocialpractice.Itaimstopromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofstudents’moral,intellectual,physical,andartistic,andcultivatethecorrectnesstomeettheneedsoflife-longdevelopmentandsocialdevelopment.Values,necessaryqualitiesandkeyabilities.