Istituto di tecnologia della California

Basicinformation

TheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology)wasfoundedin1891bylocalbusinessmenandpoliticiansAmosG.ThroopdevelopedfromavocationalschoolfoundedinPasadena.BeforetheschoolreceivedthenameCaltechin1920,theschoolwasknownasThroopUniversity,ThroopInstituteofTechnology,andThroopInstituteofTechnology.ThepowerthatdroveCaltechfromaschoolofartsandcraftstoaworld-classsciencecenteroriginatedfromtheforesightofastronomerGeorgeElleryHale.HalecametoPasadenain1907andjoinedThroop'sBoardofTrusteesasthefirstdirectoroftheMountWilsonObservatory.AtthetimeAmericanscientificresearchwasstillinitsinfancy,HalesawanopportunitytocreateaformalengineeringandnaturalscienceeducationcollegeinPasadena.Halesuccessfullyattractedprivatelandandfinancialsponsorship,whichenabledhimtobuildwell-equippedmodernlaboratoryfacilitiesfortheschool.ThenhepersuadedMillikan,anexperimentalphysicist,tojointheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,layingthefoundationforbuildingtheschoolintoacenterofscienceandtechnologyinthefuture.

In1917,HalehiredarchitectBertramGoodhuetoproduceamasterplanfora22-acrecampus.GoodhueconceivedtheoveralllayoutofthecampusanddesignedthePhysicsBuilding,DabneyHall,andotherbuildingsinwhichhesoughtconsistencywiththelocalclimate,thecharacteristicsoftheschool,andHale'seducationalphilosophy.Goodhue'sworkfortheCaliforniaStateAdministrationisalsoinfluencedbythetraditionalSpanishmissionbuildingstructureinSouthernCalifornia.

UndertheleadershipofHale,Noyes,andRobertA.Millikan(andpromotedbytheprosperityoftheSouthernCaliforniaeconomy),thereputationoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyItwasrapidlyimprovedinthe1920s.In1923,MillikanwontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.In1925,theschoolestablishedtheDepartmentofGeologyandhiredWilliamBennettMunro,chairmanofHarvardUniversity'sSchoolofHistory,Politics,andEconomics,tocreatetheCaltechSchoolofHumanitiesandSocialSciences.In1928,theSchoolofBiologywasfoundedundertheleadershipofThomasHuntMorgan,whowasthebestbiologistintheUnitedStatesandoneofthediscoverersofchromosomes.In1926,theGraduateSchoolofAeronauticswasfounded,anditfinallyattractedTheodorevonKármán,wholatercontributedtothecreationoftheJetPropulsionLaboratoryandestablishedCaltechasoneoftheleadingcentersofrocketscience..In1928,thePalomarObservatorybeganconstruction.

RobertA.Millikanservedasthe"ChairmanoftheExecutiveCommittee"(equivalenttothepresidentoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology)from1921to1945.HisinfluencewassogreatthattheschoolwassometimescalledItis"Millikan'sSchool".Inthe1950s,1960s,and1970s,Caltechbecamefamousfortheschoolswheretwoofthegreatesttheoreticalparticlephysicistsofthetimewerelocated:GellmanandFeynman.BothGellmanandFeynmanwontheNobelPrizefortheirwork,whichhasmademajorcontributionstotheestablishmentoftheso-called"standardmodel"ofparticlephysics.Feynmanisalsoknownoutsidethephysicscircleasanexcellentteacherandananti-traditionalfigure.

InJune2009,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhostedthe13thPacificRimUniversityAssociationPresidentialAnnualMeeting.

InDecember2016,TianqiaoChendonatedUS$115milliontotheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologytoformallyestablishtheTianqiaoandChrissyChenInstitute(TianqiaoandChrissyChenInstitute).

OnApril2,2020,NanjingUniversityandotheruniversitiesformallyannouncedtheestablishmentoftheInternationalUniversityClimateAlliance.

School-runningstrength

Administration

TheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhastheboardofdirectorsasthehighestauthority,andthepresidentoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyiselectedbytheboardofdirectors.Theboardofdirectorscurrentlyhas1chairman,3vice-chairmenand60directors.Inadditiontotheprincipal,thereare6vice-principals,inchargeofteachingandscientificresearch(anddeanoftheprovost),jetpropulsionlaboratory,studentaffairs,corporateandfinance,publicrelations,andastronomyfacilities.Thedeananddeputydeandirectlyleadthesixdepartmentsandoneresearchinstitutethatconductteachingandbasicresearchintheschool.Eachdepartmenthasonedirectorandonedirector.The6departmentsandoneresearchinstituteare:Biology,ChemistryandChemicalEngineering,EngineeringandAppliedSciences,GeologyandPlanetarySciences,HumanitiesandSocialSciences,Physics,MathematicsandAstronomy,BeckmanInstitute(Researchonsomesubjectsrelatedtobiologyandchemistry).Theboardofdirectorsconsistsofsevencommitteesincludingimplementation,audit,budgeting,realestate,investment,jetpropulsionlaboratory,andnomination.Thereare20committeesundertheschooladministration(mostofthemembersarepart-time).TheOfficeofStudentAffairsisthelargest"organization"oncampus,responsibleforenrollment,registration,financialaid,sports,andcareercounselingforundergraduateandgraduatestudents.Theschoolalsohasaprofessor'scouncil,whichisdividedinto22committees.

Schoolphilosophy

SincetheestablishmentofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,thegoodschoolspiritandcharacteristicculturegraduallyformedarethefundamentalguaranteeforittobecomeaworld-classuniversity.Thisincludesstudentsstudyinghard,supportingeachother,andfullofacademicfreedom;theresearchatmosphereofmulti-disciplinaryinterdisciplinary,researchandfullfreeexchangesinscientificresearch;thepursuitofqualityandamanagementcultureofexcellence;theentirecampusisfullofpursuitofscientifictruthanddedicationtoscienceAcademicatmosphereandsoon.

DepartmentsandMajors

SchoolSettings

SchoolofBiologicalSciences,SchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences,SchoolofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,GeologySchoolofScienceandPlanetarySciences,SchoolofPhysics,MathematicsandAstronomicalSciences,SchoolofHumanitiesandSocialSciences.

ProfessionalSettings

Aeronautics,Astrophysics,Astronomy,MaterialScience,EnvironmentalEngineering,MechanicalEngineering,ChemicalEngineering,CivilEngineering,ComputingandNeuroscience,ComputerScience,ElectricalEngineering,Seismology,EarthquakeEngineering,Biology,MolecularBiology,Neuroscience,Geology,PlanetaryScience,Chemistry,Physics,Mathematics,AppliedPhysics,ControlandDozensofdynamicsystems,management,economics,sociology,humanitiesandsocialsciences,anthropology,history,languageandliterature,andgeophysics.

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology'smorefamouscoursesare:aeronautics,appliedmathematics,appliedmechanics,appliedphysics,astronomy,biology,chemicalengineering,chemistry,civilengineering,computerandnetworksystems,computerscience,electronicsEngineering,engineeringscience,environmentalengineeringscience,environmentalqualitycontrolandmeasurement,geology,planetaryscience,humanities,materialsscience,mathematics,mechanicalengineeringphysics,socialsciences,etc.Keydisciplines:Caltech’smostfamousdiscipline,physicsisthefirst,followedbyengineering,chemistry,biology,aerospace,astronomy,andgeology.

Studenteducationsystem

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyonlyenrollsabout800undergraduateseachyear,butonlymorethan600cangetabachelor'sdegree,andanaverageofabout200graduatesareeliminatedeveryyear.Students,manyofwhomareoutstandingstudentsfromallovertheworld.Graduatestudentsanddoctoralstudentsalsohaveasimilarstricteliminationratio.Formanyyears,thisschoolhascomeoutofthetopofthetop,andtheprestigeoftheprestigiousschoolhasbeenestablishedinthisway.TakingclassesatCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyishardwork,and"stress"issynonymouswithCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Theacademicburdenhereissoheavy,thepaceoflearningissotight,andtheamountofweightissogreatthatfewotheruniversitiescancatchup.Forthisreason,20%ofthestudentsineachgradewereunabletograduateforvariousreasons-eitherdroppedoutofschoolortransferred.Thestudentswhocanstayherearewell-known"workaholics."Theystudyanaverageof50hoursaweek,andeachpersonmustcomplete486hoursofcoursesbeforegraduation.Thatistosay,thereareanaverageof5coursespersemester,and15coursesin3semestersayear-mostofthemThereareevenmorepeoplethanthis.Inaddition,allstudentsmusttake5physicscourses,2chemistry,2mathematics,1biology,1astronomyorgeology,and2experimentalcourses.

AtCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,itisimpossibleforonepersontocompleteallthehomework.Therefore,"group-work"isnotonlycommonbutalsoverynecessary.Itisalsocommonplacetodothequestionswithoutsleepingallnight.Therefore,somestudentssaidthatthethingIhatethemostisthatonlyhalfoftheproblemissolved,andthenthesunhasrisen.However,theschoolshouldberegardedas"kind"foreachyear'sfreshmen.Freshmenarenotgivenlettersinthefirstyearofclass,butonly"passed"or"failed".Thisisundoubtedlytheresultoftheschool'seffortstorelievethepressureonthestudents.Asaresult,thefreshmenhaveayeartoadaptbeforetheycanfullykeepupwiththe"breathless"rhythmoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.

Researchreputation

Reputationoverview

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology),orCaltechforshort,wasfoundedin1891andistheworld’stopscienceandengineeringOneofthescientificresearchinstitutions.CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhasonly124acres(50.18hectares)ofmicro-campusarea.Therearelessthan400facultymembersandmorethan2,000students(graduate+undergraduatestudents)oncampus,but74ofitsalumni,facultyandresearchers75WontheNobelPrizeforthefirsttime(ofwhich6NobelPrizewinnersarestillteaching),itisthehighest-densityinstitutionofhigherlearningintheworldforNobelPrizeawards.Themainpurposeoftheschoolistocultivateresearch-orientedtalents.Ithasalwaysimplementedastricteliteeducation,withateacher-studentratioofonly1:3,andmorethan500studentstrainedaslaboratorydirectorsinuniversitiesaroundtheworld.Amongthesmall-scalefacultyonthecampus,theschoolhas11HowardHughesMedicalInstitute(HHMI)researchersand6formeralumnioftheInstitute.CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyrankedfirstintheworldforfiveconsecutiveyearsintheTimesHigherEducationWorldUniversityRankingsintheUnitedKingdomfrom2011/2012to2015/2016.In2015,"TimesHigherEducationWorldUniversityGraduateEmployability"ranked4thintheworld,secondonlytoHarvard,CambridgeandOxford.

Thepurposeofthisprivateuniversityisto"traincreativescientistsandengineersfortheneedsofeducation,governmentandindustrialdevelopment".AsofOctober2020,amongtheprofessorsandgraduatesofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(excludingtemporaryresearchers),40peoplehavewontheNobelPrize41times(Paulinghaswontwice),anaverageofoneinevery1,000graduatesNobelPrizewinners,theratioisthehighestamonguniversitiesintheworld.TheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhasonlymorethan2,100studentsand290professors,associateprofessors,andassistantprofessors.Amongthem,thereare66membersoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,33membersoftheNationalAcademyofEngineering,and80membersoftheNationalAcademyofArts.Thisisequivalentto36.7%ofallcurrentfacultymembers.TherearenoschoolsintheUnitedStatesandeventheworld.

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhasagroupoftopscientistsintheworld.In2008,theAmerican"Exploration"magazineselectedthe20mostintelligentscientistsundertheageof40intheUnitedStates.Theyareregardedasgeniusesintheirrespectiveresearchfields.,Bearingfruitfulresults,amongthe20talentedscientists,professorsfromtheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyaccountedfor4seats.

Theschoolhasadvancedscientificresearchfacilities,includingBoothComputingCenter,HaleObservatory,SeismologicalLaboratory,KerckhoffOceanLaboratory,BigBearSolarSystemObservatory,PalomarObservatory,OwensCanyonRadioObservatory,andNASA’sJetPropulsionExperimentLaboratory(JPL),EnvironmentalQualityLaboratory,thenewlyestablishedsub-millimeterobservatoryinHawaii,etc.EspeciallyworthmentioningistheJetPropulsionLaboratory(JPL),wherescientistssuccessfullyexperimentedanddesignedtheearliestmodernrocketsofmankind,anddesignedandassembledthespacecraftoftheAmericanApollomoonlandingprogram.Overthepasthalfcentury,JPLhasparticipatedinthedesignandlaunchofmanysignificantspacecraft,suchastheExplorerProject,theSailorProject,theGalileoProject,theMarsGlobalExplorer,theCassiniHuygenssatellite,andtheSpitzerDeepSpaceTelescope.NASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryisalsomanagedbytheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.

ThefamousphysicistsEinstein,Feynman,Hawking,Boll,Millikan,Gellman,thefamousastronomerHalley,theoriginatorofgeneticsMorgan,andtherocketexpertvonKamenCoachhere.InadditiontomanyNobelPrizewinners,famousalumniwhograduatedfromCaltechincludeIntel’sfounderGordonMoore,moonlandingastronautHarrisonSchmidt,andChinesemissileexpertQianXuesen.

ScienceisthethemeoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,andithasalsomademanyscientists:Einsteingaveuphis"universeinvariancetheory"hereandrecognizedthe"cosmicexpansiontheory";physicistKarl·Andersondiscoveredpositronshere;physicistDaleBrakmademajordiscoveriesonthegeneticstructureandreplicationmechanismofviruseshere,leadingtothebirthofmoleculargenetics;physicistGellmanproposedhereQuarktheory;here,geochemistPatersoncalculatedtheearth’sagerecognizedbymodernscienceas4.6billionyears.TherearealsoNobelLaureatesinPhysicsRobertMillikan,RichardFeynman,MollyGilman,ArthurMacDonald(2015),NobelLaureatesinChemistryPauling,RudolfMarquez(RudolphMarcus),Xavier(AhmedZewail),MartinCapras(2013),Bezig(2014),thefamousgeneticistThomasMorganoftheNobelPrizeinBiology,EdLewis(EdLewis)Lewis)Wait.

Overallranking

ThefollowingistherankingofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyintheworld’stopfourauthoritativeuniversityrankings.

Inaddition,in2019-20,inthe"WorldUniversityIntheWorldUniversityRankingspublishedbytheCenterforRanking(CWUR),CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyranks11thintheworld.In2019-20,intheForbesAmericanUniversityRankings,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyranked8thintheUnitedStates.InNovember2017,"TimesHigherEducation"publishedthe2017GlobalEmployabilityRankings,andCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyrankedfirstintheworld;inNovember2018,TimesHigherEducationreleasedthe2018GlobalUniversityGraduatesEmploymentCompetitivenessIntherankings,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyranks2ndintheworld.TheMoscowInternationalUniversityranked23rdin2019and27thin2020.

SubjectRanking

ThefollowingisthesubjectandfieldrankingofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.

1,2019-20TimesHigherEducation(THE)WorldUniversityRankingsSubjectRankings:

2,2019-20QSWorldUniversityRankingsbySubject:

3,2018-19USNewsNationalGraduateSchoolsRanking:

2019-20USNewsNationalMajorProfessionalSchools(ProfessionalSchools)Ranking:

4.2019-20AcademicRankingofWorldUniversities(ARWU)SubjectRanking:

Scientificresearchresults

TheacademicachievementsoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinthe20thcenturyarebrieflylistedasfollows:

Inthe1920sand1930s,geologistWoodinventedtheseismograph,physicistandmathematicianGattanborginventedtheRichterScale(theRichterScale).Theydevelopedseismologyintoaninternationaldiscipline;

Inthe1930s,Paulingconductedresearchonthepropertiesofchemicalbonds,layingthefoundationformolecularbiology.HewontheNobelPrizeinChemistryin1954(andwonthePeacePrizein1962);

Inthe1940s,physicistDaleBraquemademajordiscoveriesonthegeneticstructureandreplicationmechanismofviruses,whichledtomoleculargeneticsThebirthoflearning.

WontheNobelPrizeinMedicine(andPhysiology)in1969;

In1948,scientistsfromtheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyfirstsurveyedtheentirestarryskythatcanbeobservedinthenorthernhemisphere.Thousandsofnewhouses,galaxies,andcometswerediscovered,andskymapsweredrawn.Thisastronomicalatlashasbeenregardedasastandardbyastronomersallovertheworld.In1964,astronomerSchmidtdiscoveredquasars(quasars)attheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology;

In1953,geochemistPatersoncalculatedthattheearth’sagerecognizedbythemodernscientificcommunitywas4.6billionyears..HewontheTylerPrice,thehighestinenvironmentalscienceintheworld;

Inthe1960s,physicistGellmanproposedthequarktheory.In1969,hewontheNobelPrizeinPhysics;

Inthe1960s,RogerSperrydiscoveredthatthetwohemispheresofthebrainhavedifferentfunctions:thelefthemisphereisinchargeoflanguage(Vebalthinkingandlanguage),andtherighthemisphereisinchargeoftheimageThinking(spatial-visualthought).In1981,hewontheNobelPrizeinMedicineorPhysiology;

In1986,thebiologistHoodinventedtheDNASequemtor.Until2013,theHumanGenomeProjectmainlyreliedonthisinstrumenttoanalyzegenesequences;

During1980-1990,theprofessorsofCaltechpublished3.36papersinfirst-classnaturalsciencejournalsonaverage.StanfordUniversityrankedsecondwith1.21,only1/3oftheformer;

InOctober1999,ProfessorAhwoodXavier,whotaughtatCaltech,wontheNobelPrizeinChemistry.

"IfCaltechdoesnotoccupyanimportantpositioninthehistoryofhighereducationintheUnitedStates,fewuniversitiescanmatchitsstatusinthehistoryofmodernscienceandtechnologyintheworld."Scholars’commentsindicatethatCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyUnparalleledacademicstatus.Indeed,fromtheworld’slargestopticalastronomicaltelescopetotheinteractionbetweenatoms;fromseismologytomolecularbiology;fromquarktheorytospaceexploration,therolesplayedbyscientistsattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyaredifficulttobeaffectedbyothers.replaced.

AcademicResources

TheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologylibrarysystemincludesfivebranches,subscribedtomorethan2,228paperjournalsand2,959electronicjournals,andhasacollectionofmorethan700,000books.Andawealthoftechnicalreports,governmentdocumentsandmapmaterials.ThefivebranchlibrariesareMillikanLibrary,ShermanLibrary,DabneyLibrary,AstrophysicsLibraryandGeologicalPlanetaryScienceLibrary.Amongthem,theMillikanLibraryandtheShermanLibraryarethetwomostimportant.Theentirelibrarysystemhas41staffmembers,including14professionallibrarians.MillikanLibrary:Thelargest,itistheschool'scentrallibrary,anditspremisesarealsothetallestbuildingintheschool.Librarymanagement,interlibraryloan,anddocumentdeliveryservicesareallconcentratedhere.Itmainlycollectsdocumentsofbiology,chemistry,mathematics,andphysics,aswellashumanitiesandsocialsciencejournals,governmentdocuments,Americanhistoryandsocialsciencemonographs,andalsocollectsmicroforms.

ShermanLibrary:Themaincollectionofliteratureonengineeringandapplieddisciplines,includingenvironmentalscience,computerscience,chemicalengineering,aviationtechnology,mechanicalengineering,appliedphysics,andappliedmathematics.

DabneyLibrary:ThisisalibraryattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyspecializinginthecollectionofhumanitiesandsocialsciences.ItislocatedonthefirstflooroftheDabneyBuilding.

Themaincollectionsareliterature,art,philosophy,Europeanhistory,Asianhistory,ancienthistorymonographs,etc.,aswellasmusicCDs.

AstrophysicsLibrary:LocatedintheRobinsonBuilding,wheretheAstronomyDepartmentofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyislocated.Thislibrarymainlyprovidesliteraturesupportforastronomers,astronomicalinstrumentdesigners,relatedprofessionalsandstudentstoconductresearchonoptics,microwaves,x-rays,gammarays,cosmiclight,infrared,theoreticalastronomy,etc.Thelibraryalsoprovidesdocumentationsupportforthemoreprofessionalobservatorylibrary.

GeologyandPlanetaryScienceLibrary:mainlycollectsmaterialsinthefieldsofearthandplanetarygeology,geophysics,geochemistry,seismology,andpaleontology,especiallyinthecollectionofrelatedgeologicalmaterialsinCalifornia,thewesternUnitedStatesandNorthAmericaIthasuniqueadvantages.ThemuseumnotonlycontainsalargenumberofreportsontheNationalGeologicalSurveyoftheUnitedStatesandthegeologicaldistributionofmineraldepositsinCalifornia,butalsoacollectionofpublicationsrelatedtotheNationalGeologicalSurveyandselectedforeignsurveyreports.Themuseum’sspecialcollectionsinclude:GeologicalFieldworkTravelGuideforNorthwestAmerica(focusingontheareabetweenthePacificOceanandtheRockyMountains);thepublicreportoftheUSGeologicalSurveyonthetopographicmapofthewesternUnitedStatesandthetopographicmapofCalifornia;CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyDissertationfromtheDepartmentofGeologyandPlanetaryScienceoftheCollege.

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology’sresearchcenters:InfraredProcessAnalysisResearchCenter(IPAC),AstronomyResearchCenter,MaterialProcessSimulationResearchCenter(MSC),AdvancedComputingResearchCenter(CACR),IndustrialRelationsResearchCenter,ComputerResourceResearchCenter,DepartmentofComputerScience,DepartmentofBioengineering,MolecularScienceLaboratory,JetPropulsionLaboratory(JPL)andotherscientificresearchinstitutions.

CulturalTradition

SchoolMotto

TheschoolmottoofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyis:Thetruthshallmakeyoufree;theChinesetranslationis:truthmakespeoplefree.

Schoolbadge

TheschoolbadgeofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(Caltech)isshowninFigure1.

Schoolsong

TheschoolsongofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyis:FightforCaliforniaTech.

Athletics

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhasmen’sbasketball,women’sbasketball,men’sbaseball,men’sandwomen’sfencingandothersportsteams.Association,NCAA)thethirddivision(NCAADivisionIII).

SchoolFunfacts

1.Twentypercentofstudentscannotgraduate

TalkingabouthowdifficultitistoattendclassesatCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyItcanbesaidthatnooneknowsandnooneknows:"Stress"issynonymouswithCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Theacademicburdenhereissoheavy,thepaceoflearningissotight,andtheweightissogreatthatfewotheruniversitiescancatchup.Astudentsaid:"Unlessyouwanttobeascientistoranengineer,don'tcomeheretogotoschool."InthebrightandbrightsunshineofSouthernCalifornia,Disney,HollywoodandotherentertainmentresortsandLosAngelesarewithineasyreach,andthereisCaltech.Thestudentsofthecollegehaven'tmadeastepontheironehundredandtwenty-fouracrecampusinfouryears,doyoubelieveit?Manyhighschoolgraduateswhocametovisitfortheirupcomingstudieshereweredumbfoundedanddiscouraged.Atonetime,20%ofthestudentsineachgradewereunabletograduateforvariousreasons-eitherdroppedoutofschoolormovedaway.

Thestudentswhostayherearenotoriously"workaholics".Theystudyanaverageof50hoursaweek.Theymustcomplete486hoursofcoursesbeforegraduation,whichisanaverageFivecoursespersemester,15coursesinthreesemestersayear-mostpeopleevenmorethanthat.Thecollegedivideseachyearintothreesemesters(trimester).Allstudentsmusttakefivephysicscourses,twochemistry,twomathematics,onebiology,oneastronomyorgeology,andtwoexperimentalcourses.Here,almosteveryonehasanattitudeof"nomatterwhatproblemstheprofessorssetusuptocomplete".

2.ThesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenCaltechandMIT

PeopleoftencompareCaltechwithMIT.TheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologywasestablishedthirtyyearslaterthanMIT,andwasonlyestablishedin1891,anditsscaleismuchsmaller.MIThasateamofmorethan4,500undergraduates,plusgraduatestudents,therearenearly10,000studentsoncampus.AtCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,thenumberofundergraduatesislessthan1,000,andthenumberofgraduatesislessthan2,000.Intermsofscale,thisisasmallschool;intermsofenvironment,thesceneryhereisbeautifulandthecampusisdottedwithlotusflowers.PondsandolivetreesareindeedmuchbetterthanMITfactorybuildings.Duetothesmallnumberofpeople,Caltech’spercapitaresearchfunding,percapitapublishedpapers,percapitacitationsandpercapitanumberofNobelPrizesarefarhigherthanthoseofMIT.Theteacher-studentratiois1:3,andMITisonly1:6.

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologystudentshavealwaysbeen"dismissive"oftheircompetitorsintheNortheast.Incomparison,MITisstillaneducationalpolicythatfocusesonthecombinationofhumanities,socialsciencesandscienceandtechnology.Itseemstobea"coward"trickontheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology."Wearethe'TechnologyInstitute',andscienceisthethemehere."Astudentsaidinamoreaccentuatedtone.

Ofcourse,Caltechstudentsdon’tknowanythingabouthumanities.Theyalsohavetotaketwelvecoursesinthehumanitiesorsocialsciences,usuallyonepersemester.

Hereisindeedthesupremacyofscience.ManyfamousphysicistsandchemistshavemadediscoveriesthatshockedthescientificcommunityattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.ThephysicistCarlAndersondiscoveredpositronshere;itisalsoherethattheextroverted,humorousNobelLaureateinPhysicsFeynman(RPFeynman)hasbeenteachingfordecadesandhasbecomethemostadmiredbystudents.Oneoftheprofessors.MurryGellmann,theNobelPrizewinnerinPhysics,andEdLewis,whojustwontheNobelPrizeinBiologyin1997.Beforeandafter,theprofessorsandalumniofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(excludingtemporaryresearchers)produced37NobelPrizewinners,anditsstudentsreallyhavetherighttobeproud.

3.Evenfreshmenhavetheopportunitytodoresearch

SomestudentscomplainthatmostprofessorsfromCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologycomeheretodoresearchandarenotverygoodatteaching.interested."Thedistancebetweenprofessorsandstudentsseemsabitfarther."However,allcoursesattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyaretaughtbyprofessors,whichisnotsomethingthateveryuniversityintheUnitedStatescando.AndthestudentswhogotoCaltechhaveastronginterestinresearch.Here,"evenfreshmenhavetheopportunitytodoresearch",andlearningdoesnothavetobeconfinedtotheclassroom.CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyhasthemostmodernlaboratoryinAmericanuniversities,theKeckTelescope-theworld'slargestastronomicaltelescope,andthehighestcomputer/personratiointheUnitedStates.

ThemostfamousdepartmentofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyisPhysics.Tothisday,thisdepartmentstillattractshigh-achievingphysicsstudentsfromalloverthecountry.Engineering,especiallyelectronicengineering,aswellaschemistry,biology,botany,astronomy,andgeology,areveryeye-catching.Inthesummer,180undergraduateshavetheopportunitytoreceiveascholarshiptoconductresearchwithprofessors,and20%ofthemevenhavetheopportunitytopublishtheirresearchresultsinprofessionalscientificjournals.

4.HowcanIhavetimetobehostiletoothers

StudentssaytheyliketheharmonyofinterpersonalrelationshipsatCaltech:trusteachotherandtakecareofeachother.Inthissmallcommunity,despitethegreatpressure,thestudentsdonotcompetetothedeathandlife,butinsteadhelpeachother.Thereisalsoawell-known"HonorCode"(HonorCode),whichissupervisedbythestudents.Eventhoughtheseniorstudentshavethekeytoopeneachdormitory,thereareveryfewthefts.Everyonecangetthefoodintherefrigerator,butnoonewilltouchitforseveraldays.Themostimportantthingisacademicethics:"Iftheprofessorsendsouttheexampaperstotakehometomake,noonewillcheat.Thequestionsshouldbecompletedinthreehours,andnoonewillovertimeforoneminute."Intheschool,allethnicgroups-Therelationshipisalsoverygood.Astudentexplained:"Wherewilltherebetimetobehostiletoothers?"

Undertheheavylearningpressure,theCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologystudentshardlyhavetimetothinkaboutanythingelse.thing.Therearenotmanyculturalactivitiesstartedoncampus,andmostpeoplespendtheirtimestudyinginthedormitoryonweekends.OneofthebiggestdifferencesfromMITisthattherearenoclubs,sportsteams,orfootballteams—"Whenyoulearnindistress,everythingelseisnotsoimportant."

5.Theingenuityof"truckingschoolday"

Whenfacingteachersinclass,thestudentsbehaved,buttheystartedprankson"truckingschoolday"Come,it'sridiculous.

Justliketheyoungstudentsinotheruniversities,thestudentsherearejokingandrefurbishing.Theannual"StruttingDay"isagoodopportunityforstudentstoshowtheirtalents:onthisday,thefourthgradersMydormitorywasblockedwithcables,steelbarsorevencomputerpasswords,leavingonlyafewcluessuggestinghowtoopenthedoor,andthenallofthemwithdrewfromtheschool,leavingthelowergradestomeditateallday(from8inthemorningto5intheafternoon))Howtogetinandget"trophies"-foodleftbyfourthgraders.

Actually,manyuniversitiesintheUnitedStateshavedifferentnamesof"HitSchoolDay".Generally,inthespring,agroupoffourth-graderswhoareabouttograduatechooseadaytoleavetheircoursesandfacetheemptyclassroomwithaprofessorwhosmilesbitterly.,Gotonearbybeachesandparkstoplaytogether.It’sjustatCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologythatlow-gradestudentswholiketomaketroubleoftensneakintotheirdormitoryroomswhenthehigh-gradestudentsareaway,adjustthepositionofthefurniture,driveanoldclassiccartothebed,orevenputitinthehouse.Everythingismovedaway,noteventhefloorisleft!

Theroadisonefoothigh,andthedevilisonefoothigh.Thefourthgraderstook"anti-sabotageaction".Beforeleaving,theymovedthebookshelforbedtothedoorsothatthepersonwhowantedtosabotagecouldnotopenthedoor,andthenjumpedoutofthewindow.Asaresult,onerackedhisbrainsandinsistedonenteringthedoor,andtheotherrackedhisbrainsnottoletin.Gradually,thismust-havewarbecamemoreandmoretroublesomeeveryyear,oftenleavingbothpartiesexhaustedbutoverwhelmed.Inthe1950s,furniturealonewasnotgoodenough.Thefourthgradersbegantobuildbanksafe-boxbarriers-steelbars,severaltonsofcement,timedclocks,andthickironplates.Protectivedeviceshaveallappeared.Thelowergradesalsobegantousevarious"heavyweight"objects:electricsaws,transporters,andhand-heldrockdrillsallcameinhandy.Somepeoplesay:Ifthedifferencebetweenhumansandotheranimalsliesintheirabilitytousetools,thenthedifferencebetweenCaltechstudentsandothersisthattheycanalwaysfindandusethesetoolsquickly.Inshort,inordertoopentheroom,theycandowhatevertheycan-cutaholeinthewall,openaskylightintheceiling.Anyway,theschool’sunwrittenruleis:Whoeverdoesthedamageisresponsibleforpayingtorepairtheroomasbefore.

6."TheBigBangTheory"background

SheldonLeeCooper(BS,MS,MA,Ph.D.,Sc.D.)andotheruniversitieswherethreetalentedscientistswork.

Campusenvironment

Theschooldoesnothavesuchadazzlingbuilding,itlackstheromanceandeleganceoftheliberalartscollege,butinthefieldofscience,whatisneededisaseriousandpragmaticspirit.Walkingonthecampus,youcan'treallyappreciatethevalueofthisschool,andstudentsintheDepartmentofSurgerycan'tappreciatetheadvancedequipment.LookingatsomeChinesestudentspassingbyoncampus,IfeelthatChineseareeverywhereandtheyareinvolvedinvariousfields.Nomatterhowdifficultitistoapplyforaschool,therearealwaysChinesestudents.

SincetheestablishmentofCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,thegoodschoolspiritandcharacteristicculturegraduallyformedarethefundamentalguaranteeforittobecomeaworld-classuniversity.Thisincludesstudentsstudyinghard,supportingeachother,andfullofacademicfreedom;theresearchatmosphereofmultidisciplinaryinterdisciplinary,researchandfullfreeexchangeinscientificresearch;thepursuitofqualityandamanagementcultureofexcellence;theentirecampusisfullofpursuitofscientifictruthanddedicationtoscience.Academicatmosphereandsoon.

Well-knownpeople

Asof2017,excludingtemporaryfacultyandstaff,atotalof37Caltechalumniorprofessorshavewon38NobelPrizes(including22alumni,15Professorswhoarenotalumniand5professorswhoarealsoalumni,amongwhichchemistPaulingwontwoNobelPrizes:1954ChemistryPrizeand1962PeacePrize);47peoplewontheNationalMedalofScience;10peoplewontheNationalMedalofTechnology.Amongthecurrentprofessorsare75membersoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,29membersoftheNationalAcademyofEngineering,and75membersoftheNationalAcademyofArtsandSciences.Inthe2017NobelPrizealone,thereare5winnerswhohavestudiedorworkedatCaltech,including2PhysicsPrizewinners,2PhysiologyandMedicinePrizewinners,and1ChemistryPrizewinner.

LinusPauling,PhD1925,winneroftheNobelPrizeinChemistryin1954,andNobelPeacePrizein1962.

ZhaoZhongyao(Chung-YaoChao),PhD1930,physicist,founderofChinesenuclearphysics.

QianXuesen(TsienHsue-shen),PhD1939,aerodynamicist,onceledthedevelopmentofmissilesandrocketsinChina.

Wei-ChangQian,1942,thefatherofmodernChinesemechanics,vicechairmanoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference,andafamouseducator.

ShenShanjiong,amicrobialbiochemicalandmoleculargeneticist,wontheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyOutstandingAlumniAwardin1996.

Yuan-ChengFung,PhD1948,thefounderofbiomechanics.

Chia-ChiaoLin,PhD1944,mechanicsandmathematician,leaderofcontemporaryappliedmathematicsschool.

Pei-YuanChou,PhD1928,theoreticalphysicistandfluidmechanics.

GordonMoore(GordonMoore),PhD1954,oneofthefoundersofIntelCorporation,thefounderofMoore'sLaw.

LilyYehJan,PhD1974,biophysicistandmemberoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

RichardFeynman(RichardFeynman),afamousphysicist,winneroftheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1965.

MaartenSchmidt(MaartenSchmidt),astronomer,discovererofquasars.

TanJiazhen(C.C.Tan),PhD1936,thefounderofmodernChinesegenetics.

BaoWenkui,PhD1950,Chineseplantgeneticist.

FrankCapra(FrankCapra),BS1918,3timeswinneroftheOscarforBestDirector.

TonyChan,BS,MS,formerDeanoftheSchoolofNaturalSciencesattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andthecurrentPresidentoftheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology.

The20thcenturyChinesescienceandtechnologymastersQianXuesen,HuNing,GuoYonghuai,MengZhaoying,TanJiazhen,TangYouqi,ShenShanjiong,ZhengZhemin,ZhuangFenggan,XiaoJian,LiZhengwu,LuoFeilin,WuYaozu,BaiChunli,etc.AllareCaltechalumni.

Universityapplication

CaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyislocatedinthebeautifulcityofPasadenainsouthernCalifornia.EntertainmentdestinationssuchasHollywoodandLosAngelesareallwithineasyreach.Thepurposeofthisprivateuniversityisto"traincreativescientistsandengineersfortheneedsofeducation,governmentandindustrialdevelopment."Nature:Private,specializedcolleges

Location:Pasadena,California,USA

Established:1891

Institution:CollegeThereare6departmentsunderit.

Schoolmotto:Thetruthshallmakeyoufree

CurrentDean:ThomasF.Rosenbaum

Applicationconditions:CompulsorySATReasoningTest.SATSubjectTestrequiresMath2andanyofChemistry,Biology,Physics.BachelorofScienceorBachelorofEngineeringisanecessarycondition,andtheGREaptitudetestisarequiredcondition.Threelettersofrecommendationandreadingplanareindispensable,noTOEFLtestisrequired.

Applicationinformation

1.Scorerequirements

UndergraduateIELTSisnotaccepted,pleaseconsultthecollege;undergraduateandgraduatestudentsarerequiredIELTSscoreabove7.0;Toefl100

satmath753satverbal660

sattotalscoreact

Expensebudget

Undergraduatefees/Year$33324Master'stuition$

Totalundergraduatefee/year$49968TotalMaster'sfee/year$

Admissionratio14.70%

2.Admissionrequirements

(1)Notarizationofthehighestdegreeofeducation

(2)Notarizationofresults(withanaveragescoreofnotlessthan90)

(3)TOEFLResults

(4)GREscores(notlessthan1300points)-graduatestudents

(5)GMATscores(notlessthan680points)-graduatestudents

(6)SATscore(notlessthan1500)-undergraduate

(7)Personalstatement

(8)Threelettersofrecommendation

3.Scholarships

Proportionofundergraduatescholarships:60%

Averagescholarshipsforundergraduates:22026

Proportionofscholarshipsforinternationalstudents:44%

4.Relatedexpenses