Zhang Tianyi

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Alkuaikoina

ZhangTianyiwasborninNanjingin1906.Inthe11thyearoftheRepublicofChina,heandhisclassmatesDaiWangshu,DuHeng,andShiZhecunco-organizedsmallliteraryandartisticpublications,andpublishedworksinpublicationssuchas"Saturday","FairyMoon",and"Weekly".Inthefallofthe13thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hewasadmittedtotheShanghaiAcademyofFineArtsforoneyear;thefollowingsummer,hewasadmittedtothepreparatorycourseofPekingUniversity.Afterclass,hestillreadandwriteextensively.In2016,hejoinedtheCommunistPartyofChina.Inordertoexperiencethelifeofthelowerclass,XiaYirandroppedoutofschoolandworkedasaclerkinShanghai,Nanjingandotherplaces,asatutor,accountant,reporter,officeclerk,clerical,etc.,totastethepainofdismissalandunemployment..Inthe18thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hecommunicatedwithLuXun.Inthe20thyearoftheRepublicofChina,hejoinedtheChineseLeft-wingWritersUnionandactivelyengagedinrevolutionaryliterarycreationandotherrevolutionaryactivities.

Engagedinanti-japanilaista propagandatyötä

InthewinteroftheRepublicofChina,inthewinterof26,engagedinanti-Japanesepropagandawork.,Andwroteshortstoriessuchas"Mr.TanJiu'sWork".ThefollowingyearhetaughtatHunanUniversity.Inthe28thyearoftheRepublicofChina,heservedastheeditorofthesupplementofthenewspaper"ObservationDaily"oftheHunanProvincialPartyCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina.Inthe33rdyearoftheRepublicofChina,hereturnedtoXiangxiangtorecuperateduetoillness.Inthe37thyearoftheRepublicofChina,afterhewenttoShanghai,hisillnessturnedcritical,andhewasescortedtoMacauJinghuHospitalfortreatment.HerecoveredinMay1950andwenttoBeijing.

In1951,heservedasdeputydirectoroftheCentralInstituteofLiterature,directoroftheChineseWritersAssociation,editorialboardandeditor-in-chiefof"People'sLiterature",memberoftheCommunistPartyCommitteeoftheChineseWritersAssociation,andsecretaryoftheSecretariat.ParticipatedinthesecondandfourthnationalliteratureandartWorkers’Congress,electedasamemberofthepresidium,servedasarepresentativeofthefirsttothirdNationalPeople’sCongress,andamemberoftheFifthNationalCommitteeoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference.

"CulturalRevolution"Duringtheperiod

"Kulttuurivallankumouksen" aikana ZhangTianyi lyötiin "pääkaupunkiseudulle","oppinut, joka toteuttaakirjallisuuden ja taiteen mustaa linjaa"ja hajauttaa"työn"Xianningissa, Hubeissa.Hän oli hemiplegia ja daphasia.Kun hän oli periaatteessa parannettu 9vuotiaan18vuotiaan.

Award Record

"TheStoryofLuoWenying"wonthefirstprizeofnationalchildren'sliteratureandartin1954;"TheBaldKing"and"DaLinandXiaoLin"werepraisedas"JiYeShengTao""TheScarecrow"isthesecondmilestoneinthehistoryofChinesefairytales;"TheSecretofTreasureGourd"andYanWenjing's"NextTimeSailingPort"aretwoimportantachievementsinthecreationoffairytalesinChinasincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofmycountry.Inrecognitionofhiscontributiontothecauseofchildren'sliteratureinmycountry,ZhangTianyiwasawardedthehonoraryprizeforthesecondnationaljuvenileandchildren'sliterarycreationappraisal.

Päätehdas

"Tyhjyydestä täyteydeksi"(novellikokoelma)1931, moderni

"GhostDiary" (pitkä tarina)1931,Shanghainoon-kirjakauppa

"PikkuPeter"(novellikokoelma)1931,ShanghaiChunguang Kirjakauppa

"Gear" (pitkä tarina) TieChihan, 1932, Hufeng

"Vuosi" (pitkä tarina) 1933, hyvä ystävä

"Mehiläinen"(novellikokoelma)1933, moderni

"backandtits"(novelli)1933,hyväystävä

"DalinandXiaolin" (satu) 1933, moderni

"CounterAttack"(novellikokoelma)1934,elämä

"Migration"(shortory collection))1934,GoodFriends"Reunion"(ShortStoryCollection)1935,WenSheng

"Ihmisten kokoelma" (Romaanien ja käsikirjoitusten kokoelma) 1936, Hyvät ystävät

"ChingMingFestival" (romaani) 1936,ShanghaiKirjallisuusjulkaisutalo

"WanRenYue" (novellikokoelma) 1936, liiketoiminta

"The Bald King" (Fairytale) 1936, WenSheng

"YangQiXia"(longstory)1936,ShanghaiXinzhongBookstore

"Chasing" (novellikokoelma)1936, valaistu

"SpringBreeze" (novellikokoelma) 1936, WenSheng

"StrangePlace" (romaani) 1937, WenSheng

"IntheCity" (fiktio) 1937, Hyvät ystävät

"Homecomers"(kokoelma novelleja)1939, WenSheng

"OnCharacterDescription"(teoria)1942,Writer'sBookstore

ZhangTianin kirjat (7Zhang)

"Selected WorksofZhangTianyi"1951, valaistu

"LuoWenyingin tarina" (Novellien kokoelma) 1952, Zhongqing

"RongshengatHome"(Script)1953,Zhongqing

"BigBadWolf"(Script)1954,Zhongqing

"Taleofthe Brainless" (Fairytale) 1956, Lapset

"The Secret of the TreasureCalabash" (Satu) 1958, Lapset

"MiscellaneousLiterary Criticism"(kommentti)1958, kirjoittaja

"Lapsille" (kokoelma romaaneja ja käsikirjoituksia) 1959, Humanistiset tieteet

"GototheMovies"(romaani)1960, LiteratureReformPress

"Selected WorksofZhangTianyi"1979,Humanist."Selected WorksofZhangTianyi"(kokoelma romaaneja,satuja,ja käsikirjoituksia)1980,lapset

"Golden Duck Empire" (satu) 1980, Hunanin ihmiset

Valitut teoksetZhangTiany's Short Stories (Volumes 2 and 2) 1981, Kulttuuri ja taide

"Selected WorksofZhangTiany's Novels" (Volumes1 ja 2) 1981, HunanPeople

"Selected WorksofZhangTianyi's FairyTales" 1981, HunanPeople

"Selected WorksofZhangTiany's Children's Literature"1981,PeopleofJilin

"TwentyOne" ja muut (novellikokoelma) 1981,Jiangxin ihmiset

"ZhangTianyionCreation"1982,Shanghai Kirjallisuus ja taide

"Selected WorksofZhangTianyi"1983,SichuanPeople

"ZhangTianyiLiteratureReviewCollection"1984, Humanistiset tieteet

"Collection ofZhangTianyiWorks" (Nide 1-7) 1985-1989,Shanghai Kirjallisuus ja taide (ei julkaistu)

"ZhangTianyi'sFables"1986,AnhuiChildren

"BaoFamily" (novellikokoelma) 1986, Baihua

"ZhangTianyiCollection"(FairyTaleCollection)1987,TomorrowPublishingHouse

"ZhangTianyiResearchMaterials"(editedbyShenChengkuan,HuangHouxing,WuFuhui)1982,SocialScience

ZhangTianyin novellien luonnoksista (DuYuanming) 1985,Ningxian ihmiset

OnZhangTianyi(editedbyShenChengkuan,ZhangDaming,WuFuhui,HuangHouxing)1987,HunanLiteratureandArt

Julkaistut kirjat

Katso lisää kirjoja

luomisen ominaisuudet

ZhangTianyn ssatiiristen romaanien ominaisuudet:

(1)Lookingdownonthesatiricalobject,focusingontheperspectiveinamomentoflifeTherichcharacterhistory,theoutlinesofthecharactersareclearandclean,andtheyaregoodatdistillingthecharacters'habitualactionsandlanguageintheDickensianstyle,graspingthecharacters'souloutlinestoexpandtheirsmallcharacteristics,andwritebigcharacters.

(2)Payattentiontotheflexibilityofthenarrativeperspective,useactionsandemotionsastheinternalbasisforthenarrativestructure,dilutetheplotofthestory,relyondramaticdetailsandcontradictionstostructurethenovel,andformafragmentedandsketchedhorizontalstructureAstronganddramaticnovelform.

(3)Mausteinen ja hillitön sarjakuvatyyli liioiteltu tyyli,ilmaisuareart.

(4)Freshandflowingspokenenglanti.

Kolmisatiiriset teemat ZhangTianyn romaaneissa

1.Anti-hypocrisy.Thefirsttypeofhypocriticalimagesinhisworksarethoseoldlandlordsandoldbureaucratswhoaretraditionaldefenders.Forexample,in"BackandTits",thechiefgentryandgrandfatheroftheclanwantedtomolestRenSansao,butwasresisted,sohecleverlysetupapublictrialintheancestor'sXianghuoShrine,andlaterforcedRenSansaotoservehimasamortgagefordebtsinthenameofforcingherdebts.RenSansaopretendedtobesubmissive,tooktheopportunitytobeathimupandranawayovernight.Behindthelong-sister'scondemnationof"allevilandprostitutionisthehead"ishisdespicablepersonalitythatreliesonpowerandpower.Thenovelusesthemainstaytodescribethesediment,exposingthehypocrisyofNeo-Confucianism.Asfarassatiricalliteratureisconcerned,ZhangTianyiformallycapturedthecharactertraitsoftheselandlordsandcountrygentrywhodeceivedtheworldandhackedtheirreputationsandwerepowerfulandinthemiddle.Heusedsatiricaltechniquestoexposetheirhypocriticalthinkingandinsignificantbehavior,makingreaderslaughcontemptuously.Atthesametime,italsoshowstheauthor'sclassconsciousnessofloveandhatred,andwritesabouttheawakeningandresistanceoftheoppressed.Forexample,RenSansaoin"BackandTits"punishedtheeldestgrandfatherfiercely,andflewawaywithherlovedone.

Thesecondtypeofhypocriticalimageinhisworksisthecitybureaucratsonthemodernpoliticalarena.Thepoliticalsatiricalnovel"Mr.Warwick"createdatthebeginningoftheAnti-JapaneseWarishisrepresentativework.Mr.Warwickwasamunicipalbureaucratwhowasintheanti-Japaneseculturalcamp.Hehasastrongdesireforpowerbutisunlearnedandskillless.Hepretentiouslygoesoutsidetobluffanddeceive.Herunsaroundinarickshaweveryday.Heisbusyattendingvariousmeetingsandgettinginvolvedinallkindsofaffairs.Monopolyandmanipulatemassorganizationsandactivities.Throughthecreationofsuchanimageofabureaucraticbureaucracythatwas“all-in-onewithoutdoinganything”duringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan,theworkexposesthebehavioroftheKuomintangbureaucratstointerfereanddestroythepeople'sspontaneousanti-JapaneseorganizationsandactivitiesinthenameoftheAnti-JapaneseWar,whichhadawide-rangingsocialimpactatthattime.Moreover,thehypocriticalimageofMr.Warwickonthemodernpoliticalstageisalsodistinctivelyrepresentative,whichmakestheironiceffectoftheworkbreakthroughthelimitationsofpoliticsandthetimesandenterthelevelofculturalpsychologicalirony.

Second,anti-vulgarity.Forthosehumbleintellectuals,civilservantsandcitizens,ZhangTianyifocusedonexpressingtheirgraylifeandvulgar,sad,contradictoryandridiculouspsychologicalstate.Theymaybeemptyandbored,andtheyspendtheirdaysdrinking,wandering,andchattingaboutlove.Althoughtheyaredepressed,theyareunabletoextricatethemselves,andsometimesfallforthemselves.JingYein"FromEmptinesstoFullness","PigChangZi"in"TheSorrowofPigChangZi",andSangHuain"Migration"areallsuchcharacters.Ortheymaybeinastateofsorrowanddespair,dreamingofbeingpromotedandgettingrich.ThehumbleBaiMuyiin"OneYear",LiYitai,whoswayedthemarketwithanemptysoul,LiangMeixuan,whowasloyalandpeacefulthroughouthislife,andLuBaotian,whowasbothadogandahorsein"LuBaotian,"arethementalstatesofsuchlittlepeople.Itmakespeoplehateanddespisethevulgarlifefromlaughter.Theauthorhasnolackofbittersympathyintheironyandteasing,whichfurthershowsthedepthoftheexpressionofironicliteratureandthefloggingofhumanity.

Three,anti-feudalism.ForthecitizenslivinginthebottomofsocietylikeAhQ,thesatiricalthemesofZhangTianyi'snovelsareanti-vulgarityandanti-numbness,mourningtheirmisfortune,andangeringthemnotto"wakeup".ThisreflectsthatZhangTianyiwasdeeplyinfluencedbyLuXun.TheLaoBaointheshortstory"FatherandSonofBao"isasubmissiveservantwhoworksasaerrandinthebigmansion.Heisunwillingtobeinsuchahumblepositionforever,andwhenheisold,hehasnohopeofgettingrich.Thehopeof"climbingup"ispinnedonhissonBaoGuowei.Hedideverythingpossibletoenshrinehissontothe"ForeignSchool",becauseonlyafterhegraduatedfromthe"ForeignSchool"canhegettheopportunitytobecomeanofficialandmakeafortune,andLaoBaocanrealizehiswishtobecomeanoldlady.However,BaoGuoweididnotliveuptoit.Notonlydidhenotstudyhard,hebecamearoguestudent,andwasfinallyremovedfromtheschool.Asaresult,OldBaofellintoanembarrassingsituation.ThethoughtsandbehaviorsoftheBaosandhissonsdirectlyreflectthevulgarityofthelow-levelcitizensofsociety,andthedisillusionmentoftheiridealsistheinevitablefateofsuchhumblefigures.ForLaoBao,thisisnotonlyvulgar,butalsoignoranceandnumbnesstohelptheabuser."FathersandSonsofBao"isarepresentativeworkofZhangTianyi'ssatiricalnovels,anditisalsothetopgradeinmodernChinesesatiricalnovels.ItintertwinesandimprintsthebehaviorsofthefathersandsonsofBao'santagonisticways.Thewholeworkisfullofhumorandironyfulloftheupsanddownsoflife.LaoBaoisnotonlyanimageofapettycitizenwhosedreamshavebeenshattered,butalsoavictimoffeudalorderandculture.Theauthor'sLaoBaoisextremelydutiful,honestandloyal.HeisfullofChinesefeudalpatriarchalsystem,semi-colonialandsemi-feudalsocietyandcultureintertwinedwiththerootsofnationalinferiority,showingdistinctseculartragicomedycharacteristics.

Inshort,ZhangTianyiuseshisnovelstocreateaworldoftragedyandcomedyinvariousforms,whichisextremelyrichinconnotation.

Kasvaminen

Peruskoulun ja välikoulun aikana

IreadalotofChineseandforeignliteraryworks.In1922,hewrotecomicanddetectivenovels,andpublishedashortstory"NewPoetry"inthe"Saturday"magazine.Aftergraduatingfrommiddleschoolin1924,heenteredtheShanghaiAcademyofFineArtstostudypaintingforoneyear.In1926,heenteredthepreparatorycourseofPekingUniversitybecausehewasdissatisfiedwiththecourseshetookandhisfamilywaspoor,sohedroppedoutthenextyearandworkedasatutor,clerk,reporterandeditor.Publishedashortstory"Threeandahalfdays'dream"in1929.

Liity Kiinan vasemmistokirjailijoiden liittoon

JoinedtheChineseLeft-wingWritersUnionin1931,participatedintheworkofitsliteraryandartisticpopularizationresearchsociety,andassistedinediting"CrossStreet",etc.publication.Thecreativeoutputisincreasingdaybyday,facingreality,andthecontentissubstantial,bringingafreshbreathtotheliteraryandartworld.Shortstorieswrittenatthistimeincludecollectionssuchas"FromEmptinesstoFullness","LittlePeter","Bee","CounterAttack","Transition","Reunion","TenThousandYears ","SpringBreeze","Chasing",etc.,Hisnovelsaregoodatsatireandhumor.Themostwrittenisthevulgarandridiculouslivesofordinarycitizensandsomeintellectualsinordertorevealthehypocrisyanduglinessofrealityandcriticizethemaladiesofthedeformedsociety."PaoandSons"ishisrepresentativework.Duringthisperiod,therewerealsonovels"DiaryofGhostLand","Gear","OneYear","PidginMan","IntheCity",thenovella"ChingMingFestival", ja lastenkirjallisuutta, mukaan lukien pitkiä satuja."DaLinandXiaoLin","The BaldKing",novelli"StrangePlace" jne., integroivat koulutuksen elävään tarinankerrontaan ja edistävät kiinalaisen lastenkirjallisuuden kehitystä.

TheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanAfterthestartoftheWarofResistanceagainstJapan

AftertheWarofResistanceAgainstJapanbegan,heparticipatedintheestablishmentoftheShanghaiLiteraryandArtisticSalvationAssociationandservedasthe"SalvationDaily""Editorialmember,directoroftheChinaNationalLiteraryandArtCirclesAnti-enemyAssociation.Thecollectionofshortstorieswrittenbyhim,"ThreeSketches",deeplyexposedthedarksideoftheAnti-JapaneseMovementintheKuomintangControlledArea,arousedtheattentionanddiscussionoftheliteraryandartcircles,andproducedawiderangeofsocialinfluences,stoppingthesituationof"desperatelyturningbackwards"intheChineseliteraryworldatthattime.Amongthem,"Mr.Warwick"ishismasterpieceofsatiricalnovels.In1942,hewasrecoveringfromlungdiseaseinChengdu,Shanghai,HongKongandotherplaces,andstoppedwritingformanyyears.Thefull-lengthfairytale"GoldenDuckEmpire"wasalsounfinishedduetoillness.HewenttoBeijingin1950;onceservedasdeputydirectoroftheCentralInstituteofLiterature,memberoftheChineseFederationofLiteraryandArtCircles,secretaryoftheSecretariatoftheChineseWritersAssociation,editor-in-chiefof"People'sLiterature",andeditorialboardmemberof"Children'sLiterature".Inadditiontoeditingpublicationsandcultivatingyoungliteraryandartworkers,heisalsoengagedinthecreationofchildren’sliterature,publishingnovels"GoingtotheMovies","TheStoryofLuoWenying"(wonthefirstprizeofNationalYouthandChildren'sLiteratureandArtCreationin1954),"TheyandWe",thefairytale"TheStoriesofNoBrain","TheSecretoftheGourd",thescripts"RongshengatHome","TheBigBadWolf",etc.,arecollectedandpublishedas"FortheChildren".Thecharactersareexquisitelyportrayed,richinimagination,livelyandinteresting,andwell-tempered.Theyhavebeenlovedbyyoungreadersfordecadesandhavemadeimportantcontributionstothedevelopmentofchildren'sliterature.Sincethe1930s,ZhangTianyihasalsopublishedmanynovelandoriginaltheoreticalcriticismarticles.Hehaspublishedmanyofhisworkssuchas"DiscussiononCharacterDescription","LiteraryMiscellaneousCriticism","ZhangTianyiLiteratureCriticCollection",etc.Ithasbeentranslatedintoavarietyofforeignlanguages​​andpublished.

Kuollut tyhmyydestä

ZhangTianyireturnedtoworkafterliberation,servedasamemberofthePartyGroupoftheChineseWritersAssociation,andmarriedShenChengkuan.Duringthe"CulturalRevolution",hewastortured.Afterthe"GangofFour"wascrushed,hewantedtowriteagain,butunfortunatelyfellill,paralyzedandaphasia,anddiedin1985.