Perustiedot
Pinyin:là,zhà,chà
radikaali: hyönteinen
Wubiinsyöttömenetelmä: jajg
Iskujen määrä: 14
Iskun tilausnumero: 25121412212511
kiinalaisten merkkien tulkinta
vaha (qù)
Thelarvaofthefly."Shuowen·Chongbu":"Wax,fly䏣also."(Note:"䏣"istheorthographiccharacterof"maggot",and"maggot"isavulgarcharacter)
vaha (là)
[Nimi]
1.Pictophone.CongChong,(liè)ääni.
2.Theoilproducedbyanimals,mineralsorplantshasplasticity,canburnandmelt,isinsolubleinwater,andisafattyacidesterofmonohydroxyalcoholorsterol.
Kynttilällä on sydän ja jäähyväiset kyyneliin aamunkoittoon.——DuMun "Farewell"
Vahasoihtu muuttuu harmaaksi ja kyyneleet alkavat kuivua.——LiShangyin"Untitled"
3. Lyhenne sanoista kynttilä.
Toinen esimerkki:vahatuli(kynttiläntuli);vahasavu(kynttilän savu);vahapunainen(kynttilänkukka);vahasuitsuke(tuoksu, joka syntyy kynttilän palaessa);vahavalo(kynttilänvalo).
vaha (là)
【Toiminta】
1.Maali vahalla.Esimerkiksi:vahalyijy (vahapäällystetty paperille tai kankaalle kosteuden estämiseksi);vahakirja (maalattu silkillä vahalla, kopioitu kuvakirjasta);vahapaperi (paperipäällystetty vahalla pinnalla).
2.Seealsozhà.
vaha (zhà)
【Toiminta】
1.Ancientsacrificialnames.TheZhoudynastycelebratesallthingsattheendoftheyear.
2, keisarin suuri vahakahdeksikko
Anotherexample:waxwax(year-endsacrifice);waxaltar(waxsacrificealtar);waxbin(ahelperofyear-endsacrifice);waxrope(YouwaxFestival);WaxTemple(theancestralhallforwaxsacrifices);WaxPalace(apalaceforwaxsacrifices);WaxMoon(referstotheDecemberoftheweekcalendar);WaxDay(thedayoftheyear-endwaxsacrificetotheEightGods);WaxSacrifice( uhrinimi.Vuosiuhri jumalille putoamisasioista).
3. Seealsolà.
Muinaisten kirjojen selitys
Kangxi-sanakirja
"JiYun"ja"ZhengYun"🠀
Againtohelpthedrivercut,thesoundissudden.Year-endfestivalname."RitualLiYun"ZhongNiandYuWaBladder."Notes"Xiasaidthesacredceremony,YinsaidJiaping,Zhousaidwax,andQinsaidla."SuburbSpecialSacrifice"isalsoawaxer,soalso.InDecember,gatherallthingstogetherandenjoyit.
Again"YuPian"hassixcuts,andthesoundisfrowning.Insectname.Thewaxofthewaxfestival."GuangYun"maybewritten."LiuShuZhengzheng"fromthesoundofinsects.Don'tmakeamistake,followtheshow,anddon't.
DialectCollection
◎Gandialect:læp5
◎Hakkadialect:[Hailuqiang]za5lap8[MeixianDialect]za5[TaiwanFourCountyDialect]za5lap8[HakkaEnglishDictionary]lap8[Baoanqiang]za5|lap8[HakkaPinyinVocabulary]lab6za4
◎Kantoni: caa3caai3zaa3
◎ Chaozhoun murre:lah8
◎p>
Alkuperää koskeva tekstitutkimus
Thecandleoriginatedfromthetorchoftheprimitiveage.Primitivessmearedfatorwaxonbarkorwoodchipsandbundledthemtogethertomaketorchesforlighting.Thebeeswaxthatappearedaroundthe3rdcenturyBCmaybetheembryonicformofcandles.IntheWest,foraperiodoftime,beeswerekeptinmonasteriesandusedtomakebeeswax.ThiswasmainlybecausetheCatholicsbelievedthatbeeswaxwasasymbolofvirginconception,sobeeswaxwasregardedasapurelightandwasenshrinedonchurchaltars..Judgingfromtheexistingliterature,thetimewhenbeeswaxwasproducedinmycountryisroughlythesameasthatintheWest.JapanwasintroducedfrommycountryduringtheNaraperiod(710-784).Comparedwithmoderncandles,ancientcandleshavemanyshortcomings..LiShangyin,apoetintheTangDynasty,hadapoemsaying"Whyshouldwecutcandlesinthewestwindowtogether".Whydoesthepoetcutthecandle?Atthattime,thecandlecorewastwistedwithcottonthreadandstooduprightinthecenteroftheflame.Sinceitcouldnotbeburnedoutandcharred,itwasnecessarytocutofftheendoftheremainingcandlecorewithscissorsfromtimetotime.Thisisundoubtedlyatroublesomething.In1820,theFrenchmanJohnParcherieinventedthecandlecoremadeofthreecottonthreads,whichmadethecandlecorenaturallyloosenwhenitburned,andtheendjustbendstotheoutsideoftheflame,soitcanbecompletelyburned.Butthecandleneedstobefurtherimproved.Itsmaterialisgenerallyanimalfatwithmanyshortcomings.ItisSchereeretal.tosolvethisproblem.BetweenJuneandJuly1809,Coca-Scheffler,France,receivedaletterfromatextilefactoryaskinghimtoanalyzeanddeterminethecompositionofasoftsoapsampletheysent.Heheldthisletterandthoughtforalongtime,thinking:Tostudysoap,itseemsthatyouhavetostartwithrawoils.Inschoolexperimentswithverysimpleequipmentandsimpleequipment,hestudiedthevariousoilsthatneedtobeusedinthesaponificationprocess.Afteralotofexperiments,hediscoveredforthefirsttimethefactthatinallfats,regardlessoftheirsource,thecontentoffattyacidsaccountedfor95%,andtheremaining5%wasglycerinproducedduringthesaponificationprocess.Throughresearch,heclarifiedthenatureofthesaponificationprocess.Atthesametime,healsomadeamajordiscovery:becauseoftheglycerininthecandlesmadeofgreaseatthattime,theyburnedwithsmokeandsmelledunpleasant.Ifstearicacidisusedtomakecandles,notonlywilltheflamebebrightwhenburning,butalsotherewillbealmostnoblacksmokeandnoairpollution.SchaefflertoldGuy-Lussacofhisdiscoveryandsuggestedthatthetwojointlystudyhowtosolvethisproblemindetail.Theysaponifiedtheoilwithastrongbase,andthendecomposedthesoapwithhydrochloricacidtoremovestearicacid.Thisisawhitesubstancewithagreasyfeeltothehand.Candlesmadefromithaveasofttextureandarecheaper.In1825,SchaefflerandGuy-Lussacobtainedapatentfortheproductionofparaffinstearincandles.Theemergenceofparaffinstearincandlesopenedanewerainthehistoryofhumanlighting.Later,someonediscoveredalargeoilfieldinNorthAmerica,soalargeamountofparaffincanbeextractedfromtheoil,andtheidealcandlehasbeenpopularizedandpromotedallovertheworld.
Istumbleduponanarchaeologicalmagazine.ItseemsthatcandleswereinventedbytheEgyptiansmorethan5,000yearsago.WhendidtheChineseusecandles?Atleastinthenineteenthpoems,oillampswereused.,IsuddenlyrealizedthattherewasnosuchthingasacandleinancientChina.IntheancientbooksoftheHanDynasty,waxandcandleweregenerallydiscussedseparately,butthewordcandlewasrarelyusedtogether.
EveryonesawthebronzelampintheHanDynastyinChina.Thereisoftenalongnail-shapedflameinthecenterofthelampshade.Accordingtoitsexistence,archaeologically,Hanlanternsaredividedintotwocategories:oillampsandcandlelamps.
IcheckedthebooksforalongtimeandfoundthatintheHanDynasty,lampswereactuallydividedintotwocategories:oillampsandcandlelamps.Thelamppostsofoillampswerealsocalled"candles"."Candle"meansthatthelamppostmustbeimmersedingrease;thegreaseisanimalfat,andvegetableoilwasusedtolightthelampatthattime."QiMinYaoShuZong.MaZiPian"said:"Juma(thatis,thefemaleplantofcannabis)hasblackseeds,solidandheavy,poundedtomakecandles,nothemp.""Candlesticks"refertolightsandhavelittletodowithcandles.
Asforthefuelforlightingthelamp,Isawthatthearchaeologicalmagazinementionedthat"theyellowwaxcakewasfoundoccasionallyinthetomboftheHanDynasty."ThisshowsthatthegeneralsituationoftheHanlanternisthatthelampisfilledwithgrease,butwaxcanalsobeusedtoburnthelamp.Thewaxinthewaxlampwasmeltedandusedasanointment.Peoplefinallyfoundanexample,asmentionedinthe"ReportontheExcavationoftheTomboftheNanyueKingintheWesternHanDynasty";inthelateEasternHanDynasty,thewaxplatformwasthefirsttoappearintheHantombinGuangzhou.Itprovesthattheslendercolumnarcandleshaveenteredtheranksoflightingsuppliesatthattime.
Finally,therewerecandlesinChinainthelateEasternHanDynasty,buttheywerenotwidelyused,andtheirshapesweredifferentfrommodernones.Pushingupfurther,whethercandleshavebeenusedduringtheWarringStatesandQinandHanDynastiesisanunresolvedquestion.ItismentionedintheliteraturethatcandlesfirstappearedintheJinDynasty."JinShuZhouZhuanBiography"wrotethatsomeone"threwitwithalightedcandle.""ShiShuoXinYu"hasthestoryofShiChong"usingcandlesascooking".AftertheJinDynasty,thereweremanyreferencestocandlesintheliterature.Asforthepre-Jinperiod,thereisstillalackofreliablewrittenrecords.Infact,thereareonlyasmallamountofarchaeologicalmaterials,suchasthearchaeologicalmaterialsmentionedabove;
<Guitianlu>Oillamps.Especiallygoodatnightbanquetsanddrinks,althoughthedormitoryalsoburnscandles.Everytimeafterdismissal,peoplegototheofficialresidence,seethetoiletandtearsontheground,ofteninpiles."ItcanbeseenthatuntiltheSongDynasty,itisstilloil*candleexpensive.
On artikkeleita, joissa sanotaan:"XijingMiscellaneousNotes"on"KingofMinyueesitteleGaodi...200hunajakynttilää",jossa sanotaan,että"hunajakynttilät ovat kynttilöitä",muttaSe ajattelee vainainoastaan todisteita.Mikä on,että"XijingZajissa"voi olla usein käytettynä.
Lookattherawmaterialsofcandles,thereareyellowwax,whitewaxandsoon.Yellowwaxisbeeswaxandwhitewaxisthewaxsecretedbytermiteinsects.TheuseofbeeswaxisgenerallybelievedtohaveoriginatedintheTangDynasty,andsometextualresearchbeganintheHanandWeiDynasties.Theabove-mentioned"theoccasionaldiscoveryofyellowwaxcakesinHantombs"isphysicalevidence,sotheuseofbeeswaxwasearlierthanthatofwhitewax.Therearerecordsofbeeswaxorbeeswaxin"ShenNong'sMateriaMedica",ZhangHua's"NaturalHistory",TaoHongjing's"FamousDoctors",whichareusedformedicinalpurposes.Fromthispointofview,thewaxusedintheEasternHanDynastywasbeeswax.Butprobablythenumberisnotlarge,andtheuseisnotcommon,sothelampcandleisstillmadewithgrease,oralayerofwaxisplacedoutsidethegreasecandletoreducethetearsofthecandle,oralittlewaxisaddedtothegrease.Somedataindicatethatthemeltingpointisrelativelylowwhengreaseisusedasacandle,sothecandlesatthattimearerelativelythickandshort.ThismaybewhythecandlelightsinthestoneportraitsoftheHanDynastyarerelativelythickandshort,insteadofthelongandthinshapesdepictedinthemuralsofTangLishou'stomb.
Yleisesti käytetyt sanat
Vahavalkoinen, vahalevy, värikynä, vahankeltainen, vahaveisto, batiikki, vaha, vahapaperi, kynttilä, vahafiguuri, vahaöljy.