Kalifornian yliopisto, Berkeley

Perustiedot

Historiallinen kehitys

Perustamiskausi

Maa, jossaBerkeley-yliopisto sijaitsee, on1866Yksityinen Kalifornian korkeakoulu,mutta koska on niukkaa 23. maaliskuuta 1868 Kalifornian yliopisto (Kalifornian yliopisto), yliopistoonensimmäistä kertaajulkinen yliopisto Kaliforniassa.Koulu alkoi ilmoittautua opiskelijoille syyskuussa 1869. Tuolloin koulussa oli 10 tiedekunnan jäsentä ja 40 opiskelijaa. Vuonna 1873 koulu siirrettiin uuteen osoitteeseen. suuri filosofi GeorgeBerkeley(GeorgeBerkeley)1700-luvulla.Berkeleyn kaupunki on myös nimetty tämän suurmiehen muistoksi). Siksi alkuperäinen Kalifornian yliopisto vastaa myös "University of California,Berkeley" -yliopistoa. on historiasta jäänyt käännösväärinkäsitys. Nykyään Kalifornian yliopiston "haarakampus" vastaa itsenäistä yliopistoa)

In1870,thefounderoftheschool,HenryDurant,servedastheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleyThefirstpresidentofthebranchschool(President).In1873,whentheNorthHallandSouthHallwerecompleted,theschoolofficiallymovedtoanewlocationinBerkeley.Thefirstclassofstudentsonthenewcampusconsistedof167maleand222femalestudents.Beginningin1891,CaliforniarichmanPhoebeAppersonHearst(PhoebeAppersonHearst)continuedtodonatetoBerkeley,whichenabledtheschooltodevelopalargenumberofnewsubjectsandpurchasenewteachingfacilities.In1905,theschoolestablisheda“UniversityFarm”nearSacramento,northeastofBerkeley,andthenbecameindependentfromBerkeleyandbecameanothercampusoftheUniversityofCalifornia,theUniversityofCaliforniaatDavis.

1930-luvulla American Board of Education suoritti kyselyn 2000 tunnetulle tutkijalle. Tuloksena Berkeley sijoittui Yhdysvaltojen parhaiden yliopistojen joukossa "erinomaan"ja"asianmukaiseen"tieteenalaansa.Yhdysvaltain2.yliopiston2.yliopiston20B-yliopisto. Koulutukseltaan Berkeley'sU.S.Parhaatopistokertoimet ja hyppäsi toiselle sijalleYhdysvalloissa,toiseksi Harvardin yliopistoon.

TheRisePeriod

Beginningin1952,theUniversityofCaliforniabegantoseparatefromtheBerkeleycampusasauniversityadministrativesystem,"President"Separatedfrom"Chancellor".TheUniversityofCaliforniaisnowjustasaCaliforniagovernment'smanagementagencyforpublicuniversities,withchairmanandotherpositions,managingall10universities(campus)intheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.EachcampusoftheUniversityofCaliforniahasgreatautonomyinmanagementandhasitsownpresident.

Inthe1960s,theUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleybecamegloballyfamousduetoitsstudents’protestsagainsttheUSgovernmentduringtheVietnamWar.The"FreeSpeechMovement"launchedinBerkeleyin1964evenchangedgenerationsofpeople'sviewsonpoliticsandmorality.BerkeleybecameoneofthesourcesofsocialchangeintheUnitedStatesatthattime.Later,inordertocommemoratethemovement,the"FreeSpeechMovementCafe"wasestablishedontheBerkeleycampus.

Inthesameperiod,withtheriseofliberalismandresistanceinBerkeley,thehippieculture(Hippies)wasnurturedhere;andtherepresentativefilm"TheGraduate"thatembodiesthespiritofresistancealsotookBerkeleyasthebackgroundFilmedandwasnominatedforBestPictureatthe1968GoldenGlobeAwardsandthe40thAcademyAwardsforBestPicture.Hismoviethemesong"TheSoundofSilence"and"ScarboroughFair")Iswidelysung.ItisworthnotingthatZhangAiling,awell-knownChinesefemalewriterknownforhermaverick,alsoengagedinacademicresearchatBerkeleyduringthisperiod(1969-1971).

Intermsofacademics,beforeandinthemiddleofthe20thcentury,thegoldenageofUCBerkeley'sresearchinmathematics,naturalsciencesandengineeringwasopened.Sincethen,Berkeleyhasbecomethemostimportantacademicresearchintheworld.Oneofthecenters.

ChenXingshen,aChinesemathematicianandfounderofdifferentialgeometryinthetwentiethcentury,hasbeenaprofessorofmathematicsatBerkeleysince1960,makingBerkeleyoneoftheworld'sresearchcentersfordifferentialgeometry,andthefamousChinesemathematician,FieldsAwardwinnerQiuChengtongalsoreceivedaPhDinmathematicsfromBerkeleyin1971(underthetutelageofChernXingshen).In1981,theNationalScienceFoundationoftheUnitedStatesestablishedtheNationalInstituteofMathematicalSciencesinBerkeleyattheapplicationofChern,AzadorSingh,andKelvinMoore.ProfessorChernservedasthefirstdirectoroftheInstitute,andtheInstituteofMathematicsThemainbuildingisalsonamed"Shiing-ShenChernHall".

Intheearly20thcentury,theBerkeleyphysicsprofessorandthefatheroftheatomicbombRobertOppenheimer(J.RobertOppenheimer)establishedthe"OppenheimerTheoreticalPhysicsCenter"inBerkeley,attractingalargenumberoftopTheoreticalphysicistsandresearchersformedthe"BerkeleySchoolofPhysics",makingBerkeleyoneoftheworld'stheoreticalphysicsresearchcenters.Later,theresearchcenterwasrenamedthe"BerkeleyCenterforTheoreticalPhysics"(BerkeleyCenterforTheoreticalPhysics).In1942,OppenheimerwasappointedasthechiefscientistoftheManhattanProject,theUSatomicbombresearchanddevelopmentproject,andledthevariousscientificdepartmentsoftheManhattanProject.ManyBerkeleyphysicistsalsomadeoutstandingachievementsintheManhattanProject.Contributions,includingthelater"FatheroftheHydrogenBomb"EdwardTaylor.

Inthesameperiod,ErnestO.Lawrence,NobelPrizewinnerinPhysics,establishedthe"RadiationLaboratoryoftheUniversityofCalifornia"onthebackhillofBerkeleycampusin1931.California)”,whichwasoriginallymainlyusedforthestudyofparticlecyclotronaccelerationinphysics.Lawrencealsoinventedthecyclotron(Cyclotron)herein1932andwontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1939.Aftertheestablishmentoftheradiologylaboratory,Berkeleywelcomedalargenumberoftopexperimentalphysicistsandresearchers,includingWuJianxiong(sheobtainedaPhDdegreeinphysicsfromBerkeleyin1940,andlaterverifiedLiZhengdaoandYangZhenning'shypothesisof"paritynon-conservationunderweakaction"throughexperiments,whichearnedthelattertheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1957).

WiththecyclotroninventedbyProfessorLawrence,researchersatBerkeleydiscoveredmanyelementsheavierthanthechemicalelementuranium92,includingall14chemicalelementsfrom93to106(andelement43)Technetiumandelement85astatine).Amongthem,No.97Berkelium(Berkelium)andNo.98Californium(Californium)arenamedafterBerkeleyandCalifornia,whileNo.103Lawrencium(Lawrencium)andNo.106SeaborgiumarenamedafterErnest.ItisnamedafterLawrenceandNobelPrizewinnerinchemistryandBerkeleyprincipalGlennT.Seaborg(GlennT.Seaborg).DuringtheSecondWorldWar,theradiologylaboratoryundertookpartofthetasksofthe"ManhattanProject."Sincethen,thelaboratoryhasgraduallybecomeoneofthemostimportantscientificresearchinstitutesintheUnitedStates.In1971,tocommemorateLawrence,theradiologylaboratorywasofficiallyrenamedtheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,whichwasaffiliatedtotheUSDepartmentofEnergyandwasrunbytheUniversityofCalifornia.

InthescientificcommunityintheUnitedStates,theLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryintheUnitedStatesisequivalenttoasynonymfor"Excellence".Asof2016,13scientists/organizationsrelatedtothelaboratoryhavewontheNobelPrize,70scientistsareacademiciansoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,13scientistshavewontheNationalMedalofScience,thehighestnationallifetimeachievementawardinscientificresearch,18engineershavebeenelectedasacademiciansoftheNationalAcademyofEngineering,and3scientistshavebeenelectedtotheInstituteofMedicine.Inaddition,theLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryhasalsotrainedthousandsofuniversityscienceandengineeringstudents,whopromotetechnologicalinnovationacrosstheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.FormerUSSecretaryofEnergyandNobelPrizeinPhysicsZhuDiwenservedasthedirectoroftheLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryfrom2004to2008andalsoservedasaBerkeleyProfessorofPhysics.In1976,healsoreceivedadoctorateinphysicsfromBerkeley.

Intermsofengineering,BerkeleyhasalwayskeptpacewithStanfordUniversityandMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andisattheforefrontofengineeringscienceintheUnitedStates.AlbertEinstein’seldestson,HansEinstein,hasbeenaprofessorofwaterconservancyengineeringatBerkeleysince1947,andheisalsoanauthorityinthefieldofwaterconservancyengineering.Tocommemoratehisoutstandingcontributions,theAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineersalsospecialThe"HansAlbertEinsteinAward"wasestablished.LinTongyan,aworld-renownedChinesestructuralengineerandfatherofprestress,alsograduatedfromBerkeleyandlaterservedasaprofessorofengineeringatBerkeley.Tocommemoratehim,BerkeleyalsoestablishedtheLinTongyanLaboratory.CaiShaotang,awell-knownChineseengineeringscientistknownasthe"fatherofnonlinearcircuittheory"and"fatherofcellularneuralnetworks",hasbeenaprofessorintheDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScienceatBerkeleysince1971.HiseldestdaughterisChuaMeierThefamous"tigermother".

EdellisetRehtorit

Rehtorin virka luotiin, kunKalifornian yliopistoorganisoitiin uudelleen ja laajennettiin vuonna 1952;rehtoria (kansleri) on ollut 12:p>

ClarkKerr (1952–1958)

GlennT.Seaborg (1958–1961)

EdwardW.Strong (1961–1965)

MartinE.Meyerson (1965, agentti)

RogerW.Heyns (1965–1971)

AlbertH.Bowker (1971–1980)

IraMichaelHeyman (1980–1990)

TianChanglin (1990-1997) (esivanhempi koti Huangpi-piirissä, Wuhan, Kiina, kuuluisa kiinalainen tiedemies)

RobertM.Berdahl (1997–2004)

RobertJ.Birgeneau (2004–2013)

NicholasB.Dirks (2013-2017)

CarolChrist (2017 - nykypäivään)

Koulun toiminnan vahvuus

Hallintojohtaminen

Kalifornian yliopiston järjestelmä ottaa käyttöön kolmitasoisen hierarkkisen hallintajärjestelmän.

(1)Regents (ensimmäisen tason hallinta)

Kalifornian yliopiston järjestelmän korkein viranomainen on nimeltään "Board of RegentsRegents)", mukaan lukien:

-Positionmembers.Thetermofhispositionisthetermofthecouncilmembers,atotalofsevenpeople:governor,deputygovernor,councilspeaker,publiceducationsupervisor,chairmanofthealumniassociation,vicechairmanofthealumniassociation,andchairoftheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.

-Designatemembers.Thegovernorconsultstheadvisorycommitteetodeterminetheselectionofmembers,atotalof18people,eachforatermof12years.Astudentrepresentativeisappointedbythecounciltoparticipateinfullpowerforaone-yearterm.Theteacherrepresentativeisthechairmanandvicechairmanoftheacademiccommittee,withoutvotingrights,andcanparticipateinalldiscussionsanddecision-making.

Themainresponsibilitiesofthecouncil:formulatingandadjudicatingdecisionsrelatedtothedirectionofuniversityeducation,majorfacilitiesandreforms;acceptingstatefinancialappropriationsandvariouspublicandprivategifts,supervisingtheuniversity’sfinancialexpendituresandImplementation;appointmentanddesignationofthepresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniasystem(President),thepresidentofeachcampus(Chancellor),theheadofeachinstitution,andsupervisetheadministrationandimplementationoftheuniversity,etc.Thelawstipulates:"TheUniversityofCaliforniaSenatehasfullorganizationandmanagementpowersovertheUniversityofCalifornia.Onlyunderthecontrolofsuchlegislationcanitprovidethenecessaryguaranteesfortheuseoftheuniversity’sdonationswithintheprescribedscopeandmaintaintheuniversity’sassets.ByItcanbeseenthatthemainpoweroftheUniversityofCaliforniaSenateliesinthesupervisionandcontrolofuniversityfinancialexpenditures.ThisisameasurethatpublicuniversitiesmusttakeinAmericansociety.

ThemanagementoftheUniversityofCaliforniaSenateiscalledthefirstThefirstlevelofmanagementisresponsibleforthestatelegislatureandthestategovernment,andunifiedmanagementfortheninebranchcampuses.TheactualadministrativepowerbelongstothepresidentoftheUniversityofCaliforniasystem.ThepresidentappointsthevicepresidentandformstheirrespectiveOffice,performingdailyadministrativefunctions.Therearecurrentlysixvice-chairmeninchargeofacademic,commercialfinance,agricultureandnaturalresources,universityandexternalrelations,healthcareandmedicalservicedevelopment.Themanagementatthislevelofbranchcampusiscalledthesecondlevelofmanagement.Atthislevel,managementmattersaremorespecific,directlyrelatedtoteachingarrangements,studenttrainingandscientificresearchactivities.

(2)Kalifornian yliopiston kampuksen johtaminen (toisen tason johto)

UniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyimplementsasystemofgradingresponsibilityforChancellorandViceChancellor.ThepresidentofthebranchisappointedbytheSenateoftheUniversityofCalifornia,andthevicepresidentisappointedbythepresidentofthebranchaftermultiplelevelsofstrictassessmentandselection.ThereisalsoaProvost,whoisalsoaschool-levelmanager.Undertheschool-levelmanager,therearevariousfunctionaloffices.Eachdepartmenthasadeananddepartmenthead.

Thespecificresponsibilitiesoftheprincipalandvice-principal:PrincipalPrimeMinisterforallschooladministrationandteachingandscientificresearchmanagement.Therearetwoprincipalassistantswhoareresponsibleforpersonnelandlegalaffairs.Theviceprincipalsareresponsiblefordivisionoflaborandimplementhorizontalmanagement.Therearecurrentlysevenviceprincipals,ofwhich:oneviceprincipalconcurrentlyservesasacademicaffairsThepresidentassiststhegeneraldirectoroftheprincipalwitheverything;onevicepresidentisinchargeofbusinessandadministrativeaffairs,andtherearethreeassistantstothevicepresident,andnine(executive)directorsareresponsiblefor:humanresources;publicsafetyandtransportationservices;communityrelations;sportsAndrecreationalactivities;collegestudenthealthservices;administrativeplans;internalaudits;environmentalhealthandsafety;corruptionsupervision.Onevicepresident’sfundproject,underonevicepresidentassistant,four(executive)directorsareresponsiblefor:constructionAndinspectionservices;designandprojectmanagement;budget;environmentalplanning.Avice-principaldirectorforacademicresearch,underonedeputyprincipalassistant,inchargeofinformationsystemsandtechnology.Avice-principaldirectorforresourceplanningandbudget,underFive(executive)directorsarerespectivelyresponsiblefor:budget;informationsystems;financialandmanagementanalysis;planningandanalysis;spacemanagementandfundingprojects.Onevicepresidentisresponsibleforundergraduateaffairs,andtwoassistantvicepresidentsareresponsibleforenrollmentandLifeeducationforcollegestudents.Thereisalsoanexecutivedirectorresponsibleforstudentaccommodation.Avicepresidentisresponsibleforuniversityrelations,andthereisanassistanttothevicepresident.Thefour(executive)directorsarerespectivelyresponsiblefor:developmentprojectsandservices;studentactivities;budgetandAdministration;UniversityofCaliforniaAlumniAssociation.Otherfunctionaloffices:TheadministrativeandteachingfunctionaldepartmentsofBerkeleycampusareabigstall.Inadditiontotheabove-mentioneddepartments,therearesomefunctionalofficesresponsibleforthefollowingaffairs:continuingeducation;vocationalandgraduateservices;environmentalhealthandsafety;internationalcooperation;Financialsupport;servicesforinternationalstudentsandforeignscholars;universityhealthservices;women’sresources;registrationandpolicesupervision,etc.

(3) Osastonjohto (kolmannen tason johto)

Thethirdlevelofeachcampus(branchcampus)oftheUniversityofCalifornia,suchascolleges,schools,researchinstitutes,centers,andlaboratoriesTherearepresidents,directors,etc.toimplementmanagement,andtheyhavethefinalrulingpoweronalladministrativeaffairs.Departmentsaresubdividedintodepartments,withdepartmentheads,headsofinter-departmentalorganizations,andcoordinatorsofnewdisciplines.Therearecurrently16deans(Dean)ofthebranchcampus,respectivelyinchargeoftheFacultyofArtsandSciences;theSchoolofBusiness;theSchoolofChemistry;theInstituteofEducation;theSchoolofEngineering;theSchoolofEnvironmentalDesign;theGraduateSchool;theSchoolofInformationManagementandSystems;theInternationalandRegionalResearchCenter;Faculty;FacultyofLaw;FacultyofNaturalResources;FacultyofOphthalmology;FacultyofPublicHealth;FacultyofPublicPolicy;FacultyofSocialWelfare.

Koulun toimintafilosofia

(1)koulun monikulttuurisuuden kehitysprosessi

IfthehistoryoftheformationoftheUnitedStatesisahistoryofcontinuousdevelopmentfromeasttowest,then,Berkeleyisthe"intelligencedevelopment"baseinthe"WesternDevelopment"oftheUnitedStates.Thispublicuniversity,togetherwiththeprivateStanfordUniversityandCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,supportsthewesternacademicbackbonethatiscomparabletotheIvyLeagueuniversitiesintheeasternUnitedStates.

AsthefoundingcampusoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyisoneofthemostfamous.WhyistheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleysosuccessful?TianChanglin,aChinesescientistwhoservedasthepresidentofBerkeley,believesthattime,location,andpeoplearetheexternalconditionsfortheschool'ssuccess;adherencetoacademicstandardsandfullrespectfortheacademicpolicydecidedbytheprofessorsarethekeystoitssuccess.TherearetwofundamentalreasonswhyBerkeleyisabletobecometheworld'stopuniversity:<1>First,itisfarsighted.Atthebeginningoftheestablishmentoftheschool,theschoolreachedaconsensusonBerkeley'sdevelopmentgoals-toadoptaneclectic,freeandopenpolicy,toaccommodatetheworld'sbest,soastobuildtheuniversityintoaworld-classuniversity.Alongthislineofthinking,Berkeleysoonstartedtopursueanddevelopvigorouslyinthearts,sciences,agriculture,andotherdisciplines,aimingattheworld'sadvancedlevelatthattime.Onehardworkandoneharvest.Intheearly1880s,BerkeleystoodamongtheAmericaninstitutionsofhigherlearningwithitsinitialsetofdisciplinesandabrand-newcomprehensiveuniversityimage.<2>Thesecondistovaluetalents.Whileacceleratingthedevelopmentofvariousdisciplines,Berkeleyisalsodoingitsbesttorecruittalentsfromallwalksoflife.Throughhigh-payingemployment,supplementedbyagoodworkingenvironmentandafreeandopenacademicatmosphere,coupledwiththeuniquenaturalenvironmentonthewestcoastofCalifornia,BerkeleyhasrecruitedalargenumberoffamousprofessorsandscholarsfromtheacademiccenterofthenortheasternUnitedStates,makingBerkeley’sThefacultyhasbeengreatlystrengthenedanddevelopedinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.

Berkeleyisknownforitsmulticulturalism.OnFebruary15,1990,theboardofdirectorsoftheUniversityofCaliforniaappointedTianChanglin,aChinese-Americanprofessor,asthepresidentofBerkeley-thefirstChinese-AmericanpresidentofafamousuniversityintheUnitedStates.Hisfirstdirectionofschoolmanagementis"committedtomaintainingBerkeleyUniversity'soutstandingpositioninfacultyandacademics",andadherestothe"diversifiedandexcellent"schoolmanagementphilosophy.Duringhistenure,UCBerkeleyattractedthemosttalentedanddiversestudentsinthecountry.Atthesametime,"80%ofthetoptalentsthatBerkeleyUniversitywantedwereobtained."

Berkeleypaysequalattentiontoundergraduateandgraduateeducation.Foralongtime,thegraduateschooloftheschoolhasmaintainedthelargestscaleamongallAmericanuniversities,anditsnumberofgraduatestudentsandpostdoctoralstudentsaccountedfor1/3ofthetotalnumberofstudentsintheschool.Asqualifiedhigh-levelexpertsandscholars,theycontinuetorushtovariousjobsinAmericansocietyandcontributetotheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.

(2)Yksilöihin vaikuttaminen ja maailman muuttaminen

TheideathatBerkeleyspreadsistoinfluenceonebyoneuntilitchangesthewholeworld.Everyday,Berkeleystudentsgotopoorschoolstoteach.Thistraditionhasalonghistory.Berkeley'sphilosophyistohelpthoseinneed,sothattheycanbecomestronger.Berkeleyhasthreepurposes:educatingundergraduates,sponsoringresearchprojects,andgivingbacktothepublic.Oneofthecoregoalsoftheschoolispublicservice.Thereisabuildingoftheschoolisthestudentlearningcenter,juniorsandseniorswillcomeheretobeteachingassistants,answeringquestionsfortheyoungerstudents.Eachdormitoryhasasmalllearningaidagency.BerkeleyisthemostrewardinguniversityintheUnitedStates.Itiscommittedtohelpingstudentsinneed.Morethanhalfofthestudentsvolunteertoserveinpublicwelfareclubs.

(3)AutonomousTradition

TheUniversityofCaliforniaisknownforitsacademicfreedomandstudentautonomy.AttheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,thereisnorestraintfromconservativetraditions,noinsurmountablerulesanddisciplines.Inthisfreeland,youcangowild,letyourmindandimaginationfreelyexploretheunknownworld,whereyourthoughtswillalwaysberespected,evenifOthersdonotagreewithyou.ItisthiskindoffreethoughtthatoriginatedfromthedevelopmentoftheWestthatgavebirthtocountlessnewideasandgreatdiscoveriesattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Berkeleyadherestoacademicdemocracy,doesnotengageinseniorityranking,anddoesnotusecelebritiesandauthoritytooverwhelmothers.Theschoolrequiresnewteachersnottocooperatewithfamousprofessorsinscientificresearchandwritingpapers,andencouragesyoungteacherstoexplorenewfieldsontheirown.Thisapproachisawisemovetoencouragecompetitionandmaketheacademicresearchfieldfullofvitality.Berkeleygivesfullplaytothepoweroftheprofessorship.ThereisanoldsayinginAmericanhighereducationcircles,"Professorisauniversity."InBerkeley,professorsarethe"mainforce"thatdecidesthedirectionofeducation,participatesindecision-making,andpromotestheimplementationofeducationalpolicies.Professorshaveconsiderablepowerinschooldecision-makingandmanagement.

ThepastpresidentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniaencouragedstudentstobecomeself-reliant.PrincipalSproulwasanactivememberofthestudentmovement,andduringhistenurehevigorouslyadvocatedtheautonomyofstudentsandfaculty.DuringWheeler’sadministration,helaunchedthe"SeniorStudentsRole"activitymanagedbythestudentsthemselves,whichallowedtheseniorstudentstoorganizetheStudentUnionontheirown,todriveandleadthelowerstudents,sothatthestudents'study,extracurricularactivities,andstudentinteractionswerelefttothestudents.Gotohost.Inthisway,ontheonehand,studentsgetthetrainingoforganizationandmanagementintheuniversityandhavetheabilitytoadapttothesociety;ontheotherhand,itreducesthetaskofteachermanagement,sothatteacherscanfocusonteachingwithoutbeingdistractedbymanagingstudents.Wheeler'scampaignwasnotasourceofwaterlessness.TheUniversityofCaliforniaestablishedastudentself-governmentorganizationin1887,butthestudentself-governmentorganizationatthattimewaslimitedtoorganizingexchangesbetweenstudents.Itdidn’taskquestionsaboutthingssuchasstudyandacademicaffairs,andthedevelopmentofactivitieswasintermittent.Sometimesitevenexistsinnameonly.Wheelertookadvantageofthesituationandmadeeffectiveuseofthisorganizationtomakeitsactivitiesfullycarriedout,anditsroleandinfluenceincreaseddaybyday.FormedoneofthethreemajororganizationsoftheUniversityofCalifornia.Studentsparticipateinthemanagementoftheschoolintheformofaself-governmentassociation.Ontheonehand,itconformstotheprincipleofacademicautonomy,andontheotherhand,itisbeneficialtotheschooltomaintainaconstantlynewsituation,ratherthangraduallybecomingconservativeandlaggingbehindthetimes.

ItispreciselybecauseofthetraditionoffreedomthatBerkeleycanmaintainthespiritofconstantinnovationandcontinuousimprovement.Undertheinfluenceofliberalism,theconstructionofBerkeley’snewdisciplineshasalwaysbeenattheforefrontofthetimes,andtheschoolhasalsopaidgreatattentiontotheresearchofinterdisciplinaryandmarginaldisciplines.Universityofbisexualandtransgenderresearchdisciplines,andthusachievedaleadingpositioninthisfield.

Opiskelijakoulutusjärjestelmä

(1) Peruskoulutus

TheundergraduateprogramoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeleyisfour-year,full-time,andemphasizestheartsandsciences.nourish.Entrancecompetitionforfreshmenisveryfierce,butmanystudentsenterBerkeleyintheirsophomoresandjuniorsthroughtransfers.Berkeley’smostpopularmajorsare:electricalengineeringandcomputerscience,politicalscience,molecularandcellbiology,environmentalscience,andeconomics.

Vaatimukset opintojensa suorittamiselle ylioppilaille tulevat pääasiassa neljästä näkökulmasta:Kalifornian yliopistojärjestelmä,Berkeleycampus,vastaavat korkeakoulut ja ammattiosastot.Nämä vaatimukset sisältävät:Englanninkielisen kirjoittamisen aloitustasonA-ansiotasonA,B-ansiotasonA,B-ansio-ja-ansiokorkeakorkeakoulun"ja"asteenkorvauksen" henTäyttää vastaavien korkeakoulujen ja pääaineiden opintosuoritusvaatimukset. Ylioppilaiden loppukoe kestää yleensä 3 tuntia, syyslukukauden joulukuun puolivälissä tai kevätlukukauden toukokuun puolivälissä. Kalifornian yliopiston Berkeleyis:n arvosanat kurssin arvosanat annetaan viiden arvosananA,B,C,D,jaF mukaan.A=4.0,B=3.0,C=2.0,D=1.0,F=hylätty 3.3),anda-vähentää 0,3 arvosanapistettä (esimerkiksi A-=3,7)ja korkein4,0, mikä tarkoittaa, että A+ on myös 4,0. Eri pääaineilla on eri tutkintopisteiden vaatimuksia.

(2)Yliopistokoulutus

TheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyoffersaverywiderangeofgraduateprograms,manyofwhichareextensionsandextensionsofcorrespondingundergraduatemajors.Postgraduatedegreesinclude:Master'sofArt,Master'sofScience,Master'sofFineArt,Ph.D,andsomespecialgraduatedegrees,suchasJurisDoctor,MasterofBusinessAdministration,etc..In2012,theschoolawardedatotalof887doctoraldegreesand2,506masterdegrees.Applicationsforentryintoeachgraduateprogramareindependent,andallcollegesanddepartmentshaveindependentenrollmentrights.In2010,theNationalResearchCounciloftheUnitedStatesrankedBerkeley'sdoctoralgraduateeducationamongthetopintheUnitedStates;in2015-16,Berkeley'smajorgraduateprogramsinliberalartsandsciencesalmostallrankedamongthetop5intheUnitedStates.

DepartmentSettings

TheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyfocusesontraditionalmultidisciplinaryintegration,supplementedbyemergingdisciplinesandprofessionalcolleges.Theschoolhas14colleges,covering170departments.Amongthe14colleges:"Colleges"includesundergraduateandgraduateeducation,while"Schools"onlyhasgraduatestudents.Theonlyexceptionisbusinessschools.Berkeleyoffersatotalof106undergraduatedegreeprograms,88master'sdegreeprograms,97academicdoctoralprograms,and31career-orientedgraduateprograms.

(1)Liberaalisten taiteiden ja tieteiden korkeakoulu

TheCollegeofLiberalArtsandSciencesisatraditionalsub-disciplinarycomprehensiveeducationorganizationintheWesterneducationsystem.Thelargest,thelargestnumberofstudents,andthemostimportantcollege,ithas6departmentsand46departments.ManydepartmentsoftheFacultyofArtsandSciencesofferminordegrees.Thefollowingisadetailedlist.

DepartmentofLifeSciences:DepartmentofBiology,DepartmentofMolecularandCellBiology,DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,DepartmentofCellandDevelopmentalBiology,DepartmentofGenetics,DepartmentofImmunology,DepartmentofNuclearBiology,andPhysiologyDepartment

DepartmentofHumanities:DepartmentofArtHistory,DepartmentofArtPractice,DepartmentofClassicalArt,DepartmentofComparativeLiterature,DepartmentofDramaticArt,DepartmentofEastAsianLanguages,DepartmentofEnglish,DepartmentofFrench,DepartmentofGerman,DepartmentofItalianStudies,MusicDepartment,DepartmentofNearEasternStudies,DepartmentofPhilosophy,DepartmentofRhetoric,DepartmentofScandinavianLanguage,DepartmentofSlavicLanguageandLiterature,DepartmentofSouthandSoutheastAsianStudies,DepartmentofSpanishandPortuguese

DepartmentofPhysicalSciences:DepartmentofPhysics,AstronomyDepartment,DepartmentofGeologyandGeography,DepartmentofMathematics,andDepartmentofStatistics

DepartmentofSocialSciences:DepartmentofAfricanAmericanStudies,DepartmentofAnthropology,DepartmentofDemocracy,DepartmentofEconomics,DepartmentofEthnology,DepartmentofGeography,HistoryDepartment,DepartmentofLinguistics,DepartmentofPoliticalScience,DepartmentofPsychology,DepartmentofSociology,andDepartmentofWomen’sStudies

InterdisciplinaryandUndergraduateEducationDepartment:EnergyandResourcesGroup,AmericanResearchProject,CognitiveResearchProject,Creativewritingproject,environmentalscienceproject,interdisciplinaryresearchproject,legalsystemresearchproject,lesbian,gay,bisexual,andtransgenderresearchproject,masscommunicationresearchproject,religiousresearchproject,Asianresearchproject,developmentresearchproject,LatinAmericanResearchProject,MiddleEastResearchProject,PeaceandConflictResearchProject,PoliticalEconomyResearchProjectofIndustrialSociety,NationalDefenseEducationResearchProject,etc.

(2)Business School

HaHaasSchoolofBusiness(HaasSchoolofBusiness)wasestablishedin1898.ItspredecessorwastheCollegeofCommerce(CollegeofCommerce).Nationalresearchandcommunication.In1989,theSchoolofBusinesswasrenamedtheHaasSchoolofBusiness,namedafterWalterHaas(BerkeleyalumnusandformerchairmanofLevi's).RelyingonthestrongfinancialsupportofCaliforniaandtheexcellentbusinessenvironmentonthewestcoast,coupledwithSanFrancisco’sstatusastheAsia-Pacificbusinesshub,HaasSchoolofBusinesshasbecomeoneofthetopbusinessschoolsintheUnitedStates.Itmanagesfinance,internationalbusiness,andnon-profitinstitutions.Entrepreneurshipandotheraspectsarequitedistinctive.Inthe2016USNewsrankingofthebestbusinessschoolsintheUnitedStates,HaasSchoolofBusinessrankedseventhintheUnitedStates,andthepart-timeMBA(Part-time)programrankedfirstintheUnitedStates.Inaddition,theMasterofFinancialEngineering(MFE)programoftheHaasSchoolofBusinessisknownasoneofthebestfinancialengineeringprogramsintheUnitedStates.

Yrityskoulu tarjoaa perustutkinto- ja jatko-ohjelmia. Jatko-opinnot sisältävät:MFE(MasterofFinancial EngineeringProgram);Full-time MBA(Full-timeMBAProgram);Viikonloppu&IltaMBA(Osa-aikainen MBA-ohjelma);JD/MBA.Maaministeriön HBA/MBA.(DoubleDegreeDegreeProgram of DMPBMusi) sterofBusiness AdministrationandAsian StudiesDouble DegreeProgram )EMBA(On-the-jobMBA)ja PH.DPh.D.PrograminManagement. Tarjoa jatko-opiskelijakoulutusta, jota kutsutaan nimellä UGBA: Undergraduate BusinessAdministration.

(3)Kemian korkeakoulu

Thereare3departmentsunderit,namelychemistry,chemicalengineeringandchemicalbiology.Offer3BachelorofSciencedegrees:Chemistry,ChemicalEngineering,ChemicalBiology;and1BachelorofArts:Chemistry.(Note:TheBachelorofArtsdegreewillrequiresomecoursesinthehumanitiesandsocialsciences,whiletheBachelorofSciencedegreecoursesaremorespecialized)

(4)EducationResearchInstitute

ProviderecognitionKnowledgeanddevelopmenteducation;language,literatureandcultureeducation;researchfieldssuchaspolicy,organization,measurementandevaluation.Provideundergraduateminorprograms.

(5)Insinööriopisto

TheCollegeofEngineeringattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyisknownasthecradleoftheworld’stopengineers.DuetoitsproximitytoSiliconValley,manygraduateshaveenteredthetopTechnologycompanies,suchasMicrosoft,Google,Apple,etc.Berkeley'sSchoolofEngineeringhasalwaysbeenamongthetopthreeintheUnitedStatesalongwithStanfordUniversityandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.TheCollegeofEngineeringconsistsoftheDepartmentofBioengineering,CivilEngineeringandEnvironmentalEngineering,ElectronicEngineeringandComputerScience,IndustrialEngineeringandOperationsManagement,MaterialsScienceandEngineering,MechanicalEngineering,andNuclearEngineering.Sevendepartmentsprovideeightcorrespondingundergraduateengineeringprojects.

ProvideaBachelorofSciencedegree,majorsinclude:CivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,ElectronicEngineeringandComputerScience,EngineeringScience,IndustrialEngineeringandOperationsResearch,MaterialScienceandEngineering,MechanicalEngineering,NuclearEngineering,etc.Inaddition,theCollegeofEngineeringalsoprovidesarichsystemofmajorandminorcourses,sothatstudentscanexpandaccordingtotheirinterestsandabilities.

(6)Ympäristösuunnittelun koulu

ItconsistsoftheDepartmentofArchitecture,DepartmentofUrbanandRegionalPlanning,andDepartmentofLandscapeArchitecture.Offerabachelorofartsdegree,majorsinclude:architecture,urbandesign,landscapedesignandenvironmentalplanning,sustainableenvironmentaldesign,etc.Provideundergraduateminorprograms.

(7)Journalismikoulu

Tarjoa hankkeita, aasialaisia ​​tutkimusprojekteja ja latinalaisamerikkalaisia ​​tutkimusprojekteja. Tarjotaan vain mestarin tutkinto.

(8)Lakikoulu

Tarjoa JD-lakitieteen tohtoriohjelma (edennyt ammattitutkinto);LLM-lakitieteen maisteriohjelma (ulkomaalaisten lakimiesten tutkinto);JSD-lakitieteen tohtoriohjelma;MA/PH.D;Masterof Lawandsocial Policy;Filosofian tohtoriohjelma.

(9)Information College

Provideamaster’sdegreeininformationmanagementandsystemsandaPh.D.inthefollowing:informationusersandsociety;informationorganizationmanagementandservices;informationeconomics;informationRetrieval;InformationTechnology;SystemAnalysisandDesign;InformationPolicy.

(10)Luonnonvarojen korkeakoulu

ItconsistsoftheDepartmentofAgricultureandResourceEconomics,theDepartmentofEnvironmentalScience,theDepartmentofNutritionalScience,andtheDepartmentofPlantScience.Theformerindependent"EnergyandResourcesGroup"wasmergedintotheSchoolofNaturalResourcesin2011.Majorsinclude:conservationandresourceresearch,environmentaleconomicsandpolicy,environmentalscience,forestandnaturalresources,geneticsandplantbiology,microbiology,molecularenvironmentalbiology,moleculartoxicology,nutrition,societyandenvironment,etc.Provideundergraduateminorprograms.

(11)SchoolofPhthalmology

Tarjoa tiedeprojekteja.

(12)Kansanterveyskoulu

Providehealthstatisticsprojects,environmentalhealthscienceprojects,infectiousdiseaseresearchprojects,healthservicesandpolicyanalysisprojects,immunizationprojects,microbiologyprojects,healthandPharmacyproject,geneticconsultingproject.

(13)Julkisen politiikan koulu

Provideundergraduateminorprograms,publicpolicymasterprograms,andpublicpolicydoctoralprograms.

(14)Sosiaalisen hyvinvoinnin korkeakoulu

ProvideaDoctorofPhilosophyPrograminSocialWelfareandaMasterofSocialWelfareProgram(aprojectforpreparingtoparticipateinsocialwelfarepractitioners).

Tutkimuksen maine

Mainekatsaus

Kalifornian yliopistonBerkeley-yliopiston tutkimustaso on saavuttanut maailman huipputason. 0alatieteenaloilla on monia maailmanluokan akateemisia mestareita.

AsofOctober2020,amongBerkeley’salumni,professorsandresearchers,atotalof110NobelPrizewinners(thirdintheworld),including34alumni,and25imagesSpiritAwardwinner(thirdintheworld)and14FieldsMedalwinners(fourthintheworld).Inaddition,Berkeleyprofessorshave149membersoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,76membersoftheNationalAcademyofEngineering,235membersoftheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences,4PulitzerPrizewinners,15AmericanNationalMedalofSciencewinners,33MacArthurGeniusAwardwinners,77Fulbrightscholars,139GuggenheimPrizewinnersand125SloanResearchPrizewinners.

Accordingtotheworld’sauthoritativeacademicrankingsofworlduniversities,BerkeleyhasalwaysbeenamongthetopfiveinacademicresearchintheworldalongwithHarvardUniversityandStanfordUniversity.In2010,Berkeleyrankedsecondintheacademicrankingsofworlduniversities,secondonlytoHarvardUniversity;inthetwo-yearacademicrankingsofworlduniversitiesin2014-15and2015-16,Berkeley'sphysicsandchemistrymajorsrankedfirstintheworldatthesametime,Thecomprehensiverankingofnaturalsciencesisalso1stintheworld;from2015-16,computerandengineeringranked3rdintheworld,andmathematicsandeconomicsranked4thintheworld.Inaddition,Berkeley’sgraduateeducationhasalwaysbeenregardedasthetoplevelintheUnitedStates.TheoutstandingtalentscultivatedeachyearhavemadeoutstandingcontributionstoAmericansocietyoverthepast100yearsandhavealsocultivatedmanyinternationaltalentsfortheworld.Allovertheworld.ThegraduateschoolhasthehighestnumberofgraduatestudentswhohavewontheNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)FellowshipintheUnitedStates,anditalsohasmanyfamousawardwinners(suchas137Fulbrightscholarshipwinners).

Berkeley’sprofessors,researchers,students,andalumniledtheManhattanProjectandbuiltthefirstatomicbomb(the"FatheroftheAtomicBomb"Oppenheimer)andthefirsthydrogenbomb(the"HydrogenBomb").FatherEdwardTaylor),inventedlaser,discovereddarkenergy,inventedcyclotron,inventedbubblechamber,discoveredatleast16chemicalelements,discoveredheavyhydrogen"deuterium",discoveredcarbon14,discoveredcarbon-14'smeasurementmethod,crackedtheCalvincycleinphotosynthesis,discoveredvitaminE,discoveredstreptomycin,inventedPCRtechnology,inventedthemouse,inventedtheUNIXsystem,inventedBSD,inventedtheRSAencryptionmethodAndsoon,alsoproposedthedinosaurextinctiontheory"asteroidimpacttheory",proposedMoore'slaw,identifiedtheinfluenzavirusforthefirsttime,standardizedprestress,etc.,BerkeleywasalsothefirstplaceintheUnitedStateswheretheno-faultdivorcebillwasdrafted..TheformerFederalReserveChairmanJanetYellenisalsoaprofessoratBerkeleyHaasSchoolofBusinessandhaswontheschool’soutstandingteachingawardtwice.

Yleinen sijoitus

Lisäksi vuonna 2019–2020"WorldUniversityRankingCenter(CWUR)"julkaisi maailmanyliopistojen rankingissa,Berkeleyvoi saavuttaa0yliopiston18.sijoituksen.2019. LegesintheUnitedStates( America'sBestValueColleges).Marraskuussa 2018 TimesHigherEducation julkaisi"GlobalUniversityEmployability Ranking" ja Berkeley sijoittui 22. sijalle maailmassa. Sijalla 8.2019 ja 2020Moscow International University rankingissa.

SubjectRanking

Seuraava on Kalifornian yliopiston Berkeley-yliopiston yksityiskohtainen sijoitus.

(1)2019-20TimesHigherEducationWorld University Rankings(THE)Subject Rankings:

(2)2019-20QSWorldUniversity Rankingsby Subject:

(3) 2018-19USNews Ranking of Major GraduateSchools in the United States:

2019-20USNewsProfessionalSchoolRanking: