Subjektivointi
Economicscience
EconomicsMainlyInvolVesthedescriptionAnDanalysisfuction, SupplydDemand, kulutus,.Yksiofitsmainsubdisciplinesismikroekonomia, mikä onkinbehebehaviorofindidualCategorioniconomicActivities, SuchastheBusinessActivitivitysOfinalfarmers, yrityksiä ja merimiehiä.ToinenMajorbranchismakroekonomia, WhoseresearchObjectSheentireekonomicystem,.
Valtiotiede
PoliittinenScienceSgenerallyconsidedTobethescienceOfusingScientificanalysismethodstoSysteemactStudyVariousmanagementProcEdures.Kapeasti, tämä disciplineHasalwaysBeenregardedasthestudyftHESTATEANDTheVariousInstitutionsandSystemson.InternationalRelationSInbranchofValtiotiede, mikä StudiestHerelationsBetWeEnCountriesAdTheForEgnPolicies OfCountries.
Sosiologia
Sosiologia INLUDERCIENTIFIFIFRESearchRelatedToHumansCiety, SocialCustoms ja ScialRelations.Tämä disciplinicanalsobeclearlydefinedasheDevelmenpmentOfAllHumanorganizationsandGroups.SystemAicResearchonstructure, MutualInfluenceandCoLectiveBehavior.ArelatedDisciplineSocialpsychology, joka on tutkijoita, jotka.
Kulttuurikerros
TheestudyofHumanculture, keskittyminen kielen, kirjallisuuden ja taiteen keskusteluun.Sisäinen, kulttuurisenTropologia,.
Vertailu
ITCANALSOBEREGARDEDASPARTOFTHESOCALSCIENCES.ThisSubjectInvolvestHelegalPrinciples, Legalystems, AndlegalprocEduresOfDifferentCountriesanddifferentcultures, andconductsSystemticcomparativestudiesonthem.
Kehitysprosessi
Tiukasti luona..Inthethemiddleages, theEearComplexessHapedfromTheconceptsofHumansandSociety.Koko ajanjakson ajan, AndeveninTotherenaSanceandreformation, TheChurchPaidGreaTattentionToscholars'IDEABoutHumantHandSocialBehavior, ja TriedTocontrolit.WhenScholasticphilosofy Wealweak, temagicofgreekclassicalliterAtureandtheinferenceemethodsOftesCartesschool, Aswellasthe18thcentury'sviewofSocialReformandSocialScianceacenthithing.
IlltheSpreadofSocialScienceIdealsinThe17Thand18Thcenturies.Heijastettuteoria, thereEtHEConceptOfstructureAndTheConceptOfDevelopmentAndAndchange.MahdollisimminTheseInNovativeDeasexistEdIncertWorks, AIMEDATRITICICINGThePoliticalandSocialSystems.AsfarassocialScienceSisconcerned, somedEcisiveIdeasOfthe19thcenturyHaveappearedInthefirstwocenturies.ALKUPERÄINEN.TheHistoryofSocialThoughtinthe19thcenturygavethesefactorsTheoreettisesti.ATTHATTIME, TEMAJORTHEMESOFSOCIALTHOUTTEWEREALINESTILLAINEN KAIKKI LÄHETTÄVÄT.TheseallbecamethebasisoftHenewideologyalimmandIndiaals.INDADDION ,POSTIVISMPILOSOFIA.
Whenthesocialscienceswerefirstestablined, hewantedToEtablishanoverAllSocialScience, WealesomePeoplePursuundThSPecializationOfInalSubjects.Asaresult, Thelatterwon.EconomicsandValtiotiedeFirstreachedThePointFindendentsCience.Sosiaalinen psychologyalsobeganinthe19thcentury, muttaToutlineisNotasClearasothersubjects.ThelasttoAppeararesocialStatisticsandSocialgeografia.TheVariousProcessesCausedByThedemocraattAnDInTustRialRevolutionsPreadTootHerpartsOftheworldinthe20 -vuosisadalla.TheVariousrelationsbetwewestantHenon-West, se, therelationshipbetweThewestandall "Newstate" -ilmiö.
Kehitystrendi
SomethrendSinSocialSciencecanbeseenFromThefollowingChanges:
Erikoistuminen,
Toiseksi.Uusiemergifiofoliticalsociology, talousantropologia, vaalienpsykologia ja teollisuussociologia, somesinglekonceptsareoftenunedInMultiplesocialSciences, andhaveobnated BeeneficialEffects;
Toinen OUTOREACTIONPOTTHATDUEETSPECIALICIALISS, ITISINEVITABLETHATSOCIALSCIENCESENTSIONSSHAVEEMERGED;
Muut.
Inthe20thcentury,itcanbeseenfromthetheoreticalapproach:Thetheoryofdevelopmenthasbeguntoregainitsvitality;theresearchofsocialsystemsispromotedbycybernetics;structuralismandfunctionalismfocusonmodelsandThedynamicaspect;theinteractiontheoryemphasizestheinfluenceof"otherthings".
ITISNESIATEYTOCONSIDERTHESOCILSCIENCES OFTHESTHESCENTYYNRIAINTIONTOORJAUS.SinencetheMergenceofSocialScience, PeopleWavealwaysWantedTouseKeLledgeToIncesOcialPolicy.BuintheprocessoftryingtoInfluenencetheSInportanTiTionutionsionsOfpowerandfunction, sosiaaliset tiedonsiirtot.OfSocialScience, sen suhteettomat jakojen ja sisäiset suhteet, jaTeroleofindInalSocialScientsInsociety 2010 -vuosisada.
Liitetiedot
VaikkamanysociologistdenythatsocialResearchmustbetheUSageOfwordsDoesnotincludeanyConceptScience.
AcentralQuestiongartingThescientificStatusofSocialResearchistowHatextentMeaningfulandPurPosecialSocialctionActionAction jaChoiceSociallifewillWeakThebasisfortEnbandiondiversalscientificlaws.DadditionTotThequention of theylexPlanationBasedOnScientificLawiseffective, seisilmennuksenhallinta, jonka mukaan.
Forsomesociologit, theiterentialkarakteerit OfSocialbehaviarreanthatsociologyCanonlymaKeaperfectxplanationByusingMeaningsometsindingindindredation, whileteLawsofsciencecannotworkinthisrescect.Vaikka useimmat kohdastajakionit.
Siksi, vaikkaThereAfewSpecialExceptionSamongSociologit, iTisGeneralybelievedThatsociologySStillRegardeDasascientificdisciplineaccordingtoOneormoremeanings ofTheTermSence.Sosiologit jaPhilosopherswHodeNythetherm "SocialScience" yleensäputforwardTheSnegativePointOfViewBasedonTheRowConceptScience.Infact, theConceptsofSocialScienceandNaturalsciencearemoreopenandDiversethantHisconcept.
ominaisuudet
Monimutkaisuus
Sosiaaliset (OrsocialHistoricalfenomena) tutkitutBysocialScienceSeGeneralyveryComplex, jaTeyareinfluencyByManyNaturalandSocialTheConstrAntsofvariables-,.Theobjectsstudiedinsocialsciencesgenerallyhavetheabilitytoself-organize,create,anddevelopthemselves;theoccurrenceofsocialthingsisoftentriggeredbyaccidentaleventsorindividualcharacters,whichhasstrongrandomnessandambiguity;socialsciencesoftenItalsoinvolvesmoreissuessuchas"should"and"desire",andthejudgmentoftheseissuesstronglydependsontheobserver'sideologicalmotivation,andisrestrictedbymanyinternalandexternalvariables,showingstrongrandomnessandambiguity.ITISDIFICCIONFORPEOPLETTOFINDEINVAIDEFACTORSBEHINDTHESERADOMFACTORTORIT JAIVISIDIFICCILTOFOFINDEMOTIVATIONIORIDIOLISET MOMOTIVATIOINTI.TämäBringsGreat DedifficiestotheaccuraTeandobjectiveanalysisofSocialSciences.Siksi he ovat katkaisevekatiiviset faktorianalargeant.Keinojenalyysi.
Riippuvuus
GeneralsocialthingsarebuiltonthebasisofManynaturalthings, oraareconnectedwithmanynaturalThings, soanysocialScienceofteninvolvesmanynaturalscienencesthefieldDependstoalargeExtentonTheOverLDevelmenpmentOturalsciences.IfTenaturalsciencesarenoTotefybround, ItwillbebefficultforthesocialSciencestomakeMajorbreakthroughSinaccuracyandObjective.
Subjektiivisuus
Ymmärretään.Tämä "ennakkoluulotut" subjektiiviset faktorit (erityisesti kansalliset feelingsandclassfeelings) aiheuttavat interstrelationationducepeopletoformanon-neutraalit, ei-objektiiviset, andirationalattitudedsopionservice, joka on levinnyttoformareporetustativeftheinterestsofdifferentnationales.SosiaalistenSciencesandClassIntersts "sosiaaliset"..
Vaikeus
SocialThingsGenerallyHavealongoperationCycleanDareirversibleIntime.OptiosomesocialthingsispronetogenerateHugeConflictsofinterestAndcausesomeunpredictabledisastersMakeitdiffulttoCarryoutRepetIntExperiments, andmanysocialScienceHypotheseSandpredIctionSeDiffultoveryinashortPerioDioftimeandwithinasmscopecopeScopecopeScopeScopeScopecopeScopeScopeScopeScopeScopeScopeScopeStersterStersMakeTdiffulTocarryoutRePetInTificableDisterStersMakeitDiffulToCarryoutSePetIntiveSEximents..
Suhde
1.Sosiaalinen.Socialthingsareoftenconstrainedbymanynon-linearlyrelatedvariables,andgenerallyhavetheabilitytoself-organize,create,anddevelopthemselves;socialthingsarebuiltonthebasisofmanynaturalthings,orconnectedwithmanynaturalthings;SocialThingsGenerallyHavealongoperationCycleanDareirversibleIntime.
2.Sociallawisaspecialnaturallaw.TeoriginoftHelawSocietytHelawSofnature.Anykindofsociallawscanbedialecticallyreducedtocertainlawsofnature,anditsoriginalformcanbefoundinthelawsofnature;thelawsofsocietycomprehensivelyreflectavarietyoflawsofnatureThespecificcontentofthesociallawisbynomeansthesimplesuperpositionandmechanicalmixingofmultiplenaturallaws,butorganiccoordinationaccordingtoacertaintimeandspacesequence,logicalstructure,andmodeofactiontoproduceacertaincoherenteffect,thusformingabrandnewObjectivelaw;sociallawreflectsthedevelopmentdirectionofnaturallawintheoveralleffectoftheopensystem;sociallawreflectstheobjectivecontentofnaturallawatahigherlogicallevel;sociallawreflectsnaturewithgreatercontingencyandvolatilitycharacteristicsTheinevitabilitycharacteristicsoflaws;sociallawsreflectthedeterministiccharacteristicsofnaturallawswithmoreambiguityandchaoticcharacteristics;sociallawsreflecttheobjectiveandprescribedcharacteristicsofnaturallawswithmoresufficientinitiativeandcreativecharacteristics.AlitiativeandCreativityCannotBecompetely -arbitraryAndunconstruoidut.HeReBasedonThepremiseOffollowingandobeyingthelawSofnature.InseSence, he ovat luoneet,.OnThecontrary, he käsittelevät.Theembodimentfahighereaning.Kiusaus, sosiaalisetTarethekomplexwaysOfexisenceOfnaturalMatter; SociallawsaretHEComplexmanifestationsofnaturallaws.
3.Sosiaalisesti.Sincetheoriginofallsociallawsarenaturallaws,allsocialsciencescanbasetheirassumptionsonthebasicaxiomsofnaturalscience;sincesociallawscomprehensivelyreflectthespecificcontentofmultiplenaturallaws,allsocialsciencesSciencecanbedescribedinacomprehensivemannerusingvariousnaturalsciencemethods;sincesociallawsreflectthedevelopmentdirectionofnaturallawsintheoveralleffectoftheopensystem,socialsciencescanberegardedasaspecialpartofnaturalsciencesasawhole.And tsultimatedEntinationisnaturalScience; becausesociallawsreflecttheobjectivecontenfnaturallawsatahigherLogicalLevel, yhteiskuntasciencesaremoreabstractthanordarynaturalsciencesAndfollowmoreComplexLogALLAWS...VarioussociallawsexpoundedbysocialsciencesItisoftennoteasytoobtainempiricalevidence,whichdeterminesthatsocialscienceismorespeculativebutlessempirical;becausesociallawsreflectthedeterministiccharacteristicsofnaturallawswithmoreambiguityandchaoticcharacteristics,thatis,eachThiskindofsociallawisoftennoteasytobeclearlyandaccuratelypresentedtopeoplebecauseoftoomanyvariablesandtoocomplex.PeopleSusualCanonlyCarryoutinaccuratequalitativeAnalyys.TOCEACECTIONEEXT, he eivät ole muuttumattomina.
Tieteellinen tutkimus
Yhteenveto
Marxonce -ennustettu: "Tiede.HistoriatSelfisnaturalHistory.Se onSealpartOftheprocessThaTnatureBecomesman.NaturalscienceWillincludescienenceaboutmaninthefuture, JustAshumanscienceincludeSnaturalScience: ThisWillBeaunifiedScience "(thecompeteworksofmarxandengels, voi.42p.128).OverthePast100Years, MankinkindhasmaderaprogressinbothnaturalsciencesandSocialSciences, erityisesti kehityskehys, joka.Yhteiskuntatieteet (mukaan lukien ajattelutieteet) ovat vähäisesti.ManyNaturalScienceresearchMethodShaveBeeneffectiivisesti käyttäytyminen.THEEDEVELIPTENTTRENDOFSOCIALSCIENCESTHATCONTIONESTYADOPTSTHERESEWMETHODSOFNAturalSciacescalledThe "Scientification" ofSocialSciences.
Sisältö
Nättelmät "ResearchMethodofnaturalScience" isbasedonBasicmathematicAllogicasthePremise ja.ITSBASICCHARACTERSSARE:
①,thehypothesismustbebasedonbasicaxioms;
②,theinferenceoperationmustfollowstrictlogicprocedure;
③,theresultmustbeabletowithstandRigorouspracticeorexperimentalverification.
IntheresearchmethodSofnaturalSciences, matemaattinen mittaus.TämäMethodcanprovidescientificresearchwithConciseformallanguage, tarkkoja..On selvää, että theresearchmethodofnaturalScienceistheBestwayforpeopleTlefully, objektiivisesti jaAccurastGraspthenatureaNDlawsOftheobjectiveWorld.OUTTIMATEGOALOFSOCIALSSCIENCEISTOFULLY, OOJANTIADAAJAKSI.Thesocialsciencesthathaveachievevenaturalscienceartrulymaturesocialscences.TheintrodanctionofnaturalscienceresearchmethodsOntosocialSciencesisanineVitableRequirementForsCientificDevelopment.ItCanbesenthatTheOverAllTrendofOCialScienceSobjectification, PrecisionandSysematization, joka on esimerkillisesti "tieteellisessä kerroksessa".
Välttämättömyys
SocialproductivityTheneedforaccuracy,objectivityandsystemicityofsocialsciencesrestrictsthedevelopmentofsocialsciencesThedecisivefactor.WhentheDevelopmentLevelofSocialProductivitySlow, SocialThingSarerelastSimple.Thesocietyonlynedstocarryoutmacroscopicandthick-lincontrol.PeohonlyneedToAdjustandControltheirbehaviororsandThutTsHonsimplesubjecveVerflections.TheaccuracyandObjectivityfsciencearenotDemanding, and thedrivingforceFortEDevelopmentSocialSciencesIntHirectionofAccuracyAndObjectiveSNottoGreat.Välitöntä, että osasianhinta,.AndThedRivingforceForreDirectionOfobjectiveSgrowing.Atthesametime, asthedivisionofLaborinsocietyisBecomingmoreandmoresubtleandthesocialstructureisbecomingmoreandmoreComplex, teematerialSocialControlarebecomingmoreandmorediverse the the the the the the the the the theocial controlare-.Siellä esitetyt lisäykset.Sosiaaliset ohjelmat.ToachievetheSePoints, wemustdo: Ensinnäkin, thatheoreettinen todisteetfollowstrictLogicalRules; toiseksi, thetheoreettisetPremisemustbebasicaxioms; kolmas, textensionuseOfMathematicalMethods.
Mahdollisuus
ManycientisthaveseNheinevitableTrendOftherealisationOfnaturalScienceSocialSciencesandHavedonealoTofResearchwork, butmanyofTheMendedInfailure.Siksi somescholarsevenfuntantallynytisineVITAbleRend.Heitä.He ajattelevat."WhatShoulditbe".LuonnonscienceInvolvesthequestion "" onko ", se," whatisobjective ".ThesearetWoissuSofDifferentNatureandCannotBestudiedTogetherAtAll.ITISIPSIBILSFORSOCIALSCIENCESTODEVELONPONTHEBASISOFNAturalSciences.ManyPeoplebelievethatTheObjectstudiedBynaturalsciencesarenaturalobjectswithoutSoulsandauNonomouscongongongeension, jonka mukaan.Infact, "todennäköisyys" -kanavien hankimus,.ITISNOTACHICHICTICTOBLEMINTEMATICS.Siksi "ASItshouldbe" ja "Asiis" -tapahtumat eivät ole tärkein differencebetweensocialsciencesandnaturalsciences, andcannotbeUsedasatheoreettbasisfordenyyHerealisationofnaturalsciencesinscialSences.ITISNOTONLYNEYYYFORSOCIALSCIENCESTOMOVETOWARDSNAturalSciences.NomatterhowHONCOMPLICESOCIESISIS, ITISULLYDYNAPRODUCTOFAUNTER jaitisidenticalNatureInahighersense.Nomatterhowsuper-sensualandsuper-materiaali, humanbeingsarseuldysmanifestation ofMaterialMovement.ThecomplexityandMysteryOfManandSocieycanfinaalisesti, tarkasti jaobjektiivisesti.NaturalsciencesandSocialSciencesWillEventutealBecomeInfInableCloseThoThesAmeaxisandBecomefeTiNtegrated -integroituneisuus, joka on kykenevä.Modernerenssien kehitysvaikutus.Theesetoriat.Inparticular,thedissipativestructuretheory,synergytheory,catastrophetheory,andhypercycletheorythatappearedinthe1970slaidapreliminarytheoreticalfoundationfortheadvancementofnaturalsciencetothebiologicalworldandthentothehumansociety,whichenabledustograduallyeliminateconflicts.ThemysteryofHumanbeingsandtheaweOfsocialSciencesHaveEableDoSeEnWFutureanDnewDawnFortEdESCONESPORTESSSCILSCIENCES.
Silta
Perinteinen valuetheorycannotbuildabridgefromsocialscienceNaturalscience.ManysocialScienceSuesCannotbedescripanDanalyzedbynaturalsciensemethods.OnTheOnHand, ItisbecusefTheMerfectionsOfnaturalScIenceresearchMethodsThatCannotadapTToComplexandChablesocialThings.ToAcecomptionExtent, anycomplitedSocialScienceProblemCanbeDescribeDanDanalyzedbynaturalSciensemethods;.AbridgeToturalScience, NotbecausethereisaninsurmountablegapbetweensocialScienceandNaturalScience.Aslongassuchatheoreettbridgeisbuilt, thaturaalScienceofSocialSciencanbesuccessfultRealisoitu.TheetraditionalvaluetheorycannotserveabridgefromsocialscienceNaturalscience.OnTheOnHand, koskaSSConnectionWithSocialScienceSuperficial, Fragmented, jaArrow, itisspesifyManifedin: theValueToresFollowedorImpleedByDifferentsocialScontsareofteninconsistent andsometimeSherearehugEconTrictionSwitheachother;.ThelawofMovementOfValuethingsCanonlyBeexplainedfromacInarnarrowangle.OntheotherHand, It ConnectionWithnaturalSciencesisosSosuperficial, fragmentAndnarrow, joka on määritelty.Teoreettiset arkaluontoiset.
Erityiset
Therealizationofnaturalscienceinsocialsciencesdoesnotmeanthatsocialsciencesindividuallyorpartiallyintroducetheresearchmethodsofnaturalsciences,butthatsocialsciencesmustbecompletelybasedonnaturalscienceThebasicaxiomofisthehypothesis,allinferencesandcalculationsmuststrictlyfollowtheprescribedlogicalprocedures,andtheconclusionsobtainedmuststandthetestofstrictpracticeorexperiment.TorealizetHenaturalScienceofSocialSciences, TwomaJortaSksmustBeaccomplomed:
(1)Realizethenaturalscienceofvaluetheory.TorealizetHenaturalScienceOfValueTheoryTheTheThebasicaxioMoRofnaturalscienceaSTheHypothesis, Todialektisesti punrucethEnemovementOfHumansocietyToThegeneralfysicalAndChemicalMovement, jaTousEnomena.Japreciseanalysis.SpesifinenProach: LOUTATVALUEFROMANENGERGYPERSPECTICE, DEFINEVALUEFROMAPHYSICSPECPECTEKSIA.
(2) innexextensiveandin-dipthconnectionsbetweensocialsciences andvaluetheory.AftertHeValueTheoryAchieveveNaturalScience, ItisNesteyToxtendTheValueTheorytoAllFieldsOfSocialScience.AllSocialfenomenacanfinditsValuemotivaatio, andallSociallawscanbedescripedByCompingValueChangelaws..Specificwaystoestablishabroadandin-depthconnectionbetweensocialscienceandvaluetheory:viewtheworldfromavalueperspective,deducedfromthelawofmaximumorderthelawofgeneralizedvalue,Andspreadittoothersocialsciencefields.
On selvää, että yhdistynyt theTheoryOfValueHassuccesslycompletedTheAbovetWoTasks, ThusseTupabridgeFromsocialScienceTonAturalScienceandCreatinganewLeapForwardForthEentResocialSencescences.kunto.