Yleiskatsaus
"Todistinguishthedifferencebetweennamesandthings,andtodistinguishthedifferencesinceremonies":Therearemanythingsintheworld,withdifferentnames.Thecommonpeoplecallthingsandwanttofindoutwhytheyarenamed.Toadapttothispsychologicalneed,amasterpiecededicatedtoexploringthesourceofthenamesofthingsappearedintheendoftheEasternHanDynastyinmycountry,whichis"ShiMing".
Johdanto
"Shiming",abooktoexplainthemeaningofwords.AttheendoftheHanDynasty,LiuXiwrote,"ShiMing"isaworktoinfertheoriginofthemeaningofwordsfromtheperspectiveofthesoundofthelanguage.Itusesthesoundtoexplainthereasonwhythingsaresonamed,andnoticesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthepronunciationofthetimeandtheancientsounds.
"Shiming"hasbeenwidelycirculatedintheendofWu,andithasbeenvaluedbyscholars.Ithasagreatinfluenceontheexegeticsoflatergenerations,anditisalsothekeytothestudyofChineseetymology,anditsstyleismodeledafter"ErYa".Afterthe"ShiMing"cameintobeing,noonesorteditoutforalongtime.IntheMingDynasty,LangKuijinco-printeditwith"ErYa","LittleErya","GuangYa",and"BiYa"andcalledit"TheCompleteBookofFiveYas". Koskamuut neljä kirjaa käyttävät nimeä "Ya", "ShiMing" on vaihdettu "YiYa".Thenonista lähtien "ShiMing" kutsuttiin myös "YiYa".
Pääsisältö
Thebook"ShiMing"istoinfertheoriginofthemeaningofwordsfromtheperspectiveoflanguageandsound.LiuXisaidinthepreface:"Xithinksthatsinceancienttimesithasbeenmadetomakeartifactsandstatues.Sincethecreationofthings,ithasbeenmadeinmoderntimes,ormadebyceremonies,orbythepeople,thenamesareelegantandpopular,andtherearemanydifferentparties....Realityhasitsownmeaning,andthepeopledon'tknowwhatitmeanseveryday.Therefore,Iwroteaboutheavenandearth,yinandyang,fourseasons,states,dubai,caruniforms,funerals,andthetoolsusedbythepeople, keskustellaan ja viitataan, mitä kutsutaan "Shimingiksi", on olemassa kaksikymmentäseitsemän artikkelia."
27 artikkelia on jaettu 8 osaan. Tulkitaan taivas, maa, vuoret, vesi, kukkulat, tiet, osavaltiot, muodot, ulkonäkö, vanhimmat ja lapset, sukulaiset, puhe, ruoka, kokoelma, korut, vaatteet, palatsit, vuodevaatteet, soittimia, soittimia, soittimia, soittimia, soittimia, kirjoja laivat,taudit ja suru.Tämä edustaa LiuXin sanojen edustamien asioiden luokittelua.
LiuXiexplainedthesourceofthename,usingthemethodofvoicetraining.Theso-calledsoundtrainingistousewordswiththesameorsimilarsoundtoexplainthemeaningofaword.Shengxunhasbeenadoptedinpre-Qinclassics.IntheHanDynasty"ErYa","Dialect","ShuWenJieZi"andotherworks,soundtrainingwasalsousedalot.However,thenamesandwordsofthewholebookareexplainedbythesoundinstruction,so"ShiMing"isthefirstbook,whichisLiuXi'soriginalcreation.
Tekijä
LiuXi,theauthorof"Shiming",wasborninBeihai(intheareaofShouguangandGaomi,ShandongProvincetoday).HelivedintheageofEmperorHuanandEmperorLing.HeoncestudiedunderthefamousclassicscholarZhengXuanandescapedchaostoJiaozhouinJian'an.
Sisältö
Thereare8volumesof"Shiming".Theprefaceofthefirstbooksays:Sinceancienttimes,thenamesofutensilsandthingsareelegantandpopular,andthenamesofeachpartyaredifferent...Thehusband’snameisinfacteachhasitsownmeaning,andthepeoplesayiteveryday,withoutknowingitsmeaning.Bangguo,Dubi,caruniforms,funerals,andthedeviceusedbythecommonpeople,onthenarrativeandreferrals,called"Shiming",FanTwenty-seven".ExplainthatthepurposeofLiuXi'swritingofthisbookistoletthepeopleknowthereasonsormeaningsofthenamesofeverydaythings.The27chaptersareinorder:ShiTian,ShiDi,ShiShan,ShiShui,ShiQiu,ShiDao,ShiZhouKingdom,ShiShapeBody,ShiZiRong,ShiChangYoung,ShiFamily,ShiYan,ShiDiet,ShiCaiSilk,Releasejewelry,releaseclothes,releasepalaceroom,releasebedtent,releasebookcontract,releasecodeart,releasedevice,releasemusicalinstrument,releasesoldier,releasecar,releaseboat,releasedisease,releasefuneralsystem.Thereareatotalof1502famousceremoniesreleased.Althoughitisnotcomplete,itispossibletogetaglimpseofthefamousceremoniesatthattime.
Tulkintamenetelmä
LiuXiexplainedthesourceofthenamebyusingthemethodofvoiceinterpreting.Theso-calledsoundtrainingistousewordswiththesameorsimilarsoundtoexplainthemeaningofaword.Shengxunhasbeenadoptedinpre-Qinclassics.IntheHanDynasty"ErYa","Dialect","ShuWenJieZi"andotherworks,soundtrainingwasalsousedalot.However,thenamesandwordsofthewholebookareexplainedbythesoundinstruction,so"ShiMing"isthefirstbook,whichisLiuXi'soriginalcreation.
Fromtheperspectiveoftherelationshipbetweentheexplanatorywordandtheexplanatoryword,thereareroughlyseveralsituationsinthesoundtrainingin"ShiMing",namely:
orhomofoni,kuten"Ahneus,Tanya,Tangetmuihin pisteisiin.""Rohkea,Tanya,innokas lyödä vihollista."Ahneudella ja Tanjalla,rohkeudellajaTanyalla on sama ääni;
taiäänilähellä,kuten"Muista, pakottaa ja pakottaa muita sanahelinoilla."Moitti,YubuMingniusonthesound;pakotettu,DuobuBangniutuleeääneen;
Taikaksoissävyt,kuten"He,Xiaye",Se virtaa maanalaisen läpi."Joki ja alareallXiaNiu;
Tai päällekkäinen riimi,kuten"kuu,queer,full,queer."Kuu ja queera ovat sekäkuussa.
Sanan "ShiMing"ääntämisenä käytettyä se selittää myös tämän sanan käytön syyn selittää senmerkitys.Esimerkiksi "Muihin pisteisiin ottaminen" selittää sen, miksi"Tan"isusedtoexpls"ahneutta";"Monet'sQue".
"" Väkeinen "käyttääVoiceInstructionToExplainTheceremoniesoffamousThings, joitain ohjelmia, jotka ovat sopivia, jaSomeOfthemareInvented.forexample," kirves, joo.yeah, yeah.anyOnwhousesanaxecutwoodwithanaxeisusedTomakeahool "(" ("shiilyanongquwiHannannamnanxeisusuledTomakeahool" ". ("ShiTian")Thisexplanationisveryfar-fetched.Infact,therearemanywaystogetnamesforthingsintheworld,andthesituationisverycomplicated.Thederivationofanamefromonethingbysoundcluesisjustonewaytonameit.Andsomenamescomefromconventions,theyarejustacodeforrecordingthings,andthereisnoconnectionbetweensoundandmeaning.Therefore,ifthenamesofthingsareallexplainedthroughthesoundinstruction,itisboundtobewrong.Therefore,the"SummaryoftheSikuQuanshuGeneralCatalogue"criticized"ShiMing"as"soundinginthemiddle".However,morethan1700yearsago,LiuXinengwrotesuchanetymologicalbook, joka on todella arvokasta.
Akateeminen arvo
"ShiMing"and"ErYa","Dialect","ShuoWenJieZi"havealwaysbeenregardedasfourimportantexegeticalworksintheHanDynasty.Itoccupiesanimportantpositioninthehistoryoflearningandhashighacademicvalue.Itsvalueismainlymanifestedas:
1."ShuMing"explainedthenameandthingswithsoundinstruction,openedthewayforseekingrighteousnessbecauseofsound,andpromotedtheproductionofancientrhymebooks."ShiMing"alsocollectsthemasteryoftheHanDynastyphonetics,providingreliablematerialsfortheexaminationofthelateHanphoneticsandthestudyofancientphonetics.Whatisparticularlyvaluableisthat"ShiMing"recordsthedialectpronunciationofsomewordsatthattime.Forexample,"ShiTian":"Heaven,Yu,Si,Yan,andJispeakwiththeirtongues.Tian,expressesalso,andexpressesthemontheupperlevel.QingandXuspeakwiththeirtongues.""Wind,Yan,Yu,Si,JiHengkoucloseshislipsandspeaks.Thewindisubiquitous,anditsairisubiquitousandanimalisalso.QingandXuYanfengopentheirlipsandpushtheqitospeak."TheserecordsillustratethepronunciationpartsandpronunciationmethodsofsomedialectwordsintheHanDynasty.ThisissomethingthatYangXiong's"Dialect"doesnothave,soitisveryprecious.
2."ShiMing"ennättää monia yleisiä sanojaHanDynastyssa,joita voidaan verrata"ErYaan","Shuoweniin"ja muinaisiin klassikoihin tai muistiinpanoihin.Esimerkiksi"Shuowen·Hebu":"Qin,pojan jälkeen maa sopii hänelle. therearemanyexegesisthataredifferentordifferentfrom"ErYa","Shuowen"andJingzhuan,whichareveryvaluableexegeticalmaterials.Forexample,"Poetry·Beifeng·SpringWater":"Ithinkaboutfertilizersprings."MaoChuan:"Whatcomesoutisthesame,butwhatgoesintodifferentplacesiscalledfertilizerspring."Whyisspringwaterfromthesamesourceandflowingtodifferentplacescalled"fertilespring"?"ShiMing·ShiShui"said:"Whentheoriginalwasborn,itwaslessinfiltrated ,andthebranchesthatbelongedtoitwerescatteredandmorelikefatpeople."LiuXiexplainedthewholestoryandwentonestepfurtherthanMaoChuan.Anotherexampleis"BookofRites·QuLishang":"Seventy-eightmeansoldandpassedon,eightyandninety-year-olds.""ShiMing·ShiChangyou"said:"Seventy-sixtymeanselders,andthehairiswhite."Eighty"means"Chu","Yu" "TieYe"andtheskinismustarauta.Yhdeksänkymmentä"Kyllä"onmakrillin takaosa, jonka takana on teksti."Tämä selitys eroaa"QuLi"-ja sisällöstäjossakin.Toinen esimerkki on"Shuowen":"Wa,keramiikka,yleinennimi. ,thefirmappearance."Thetilementionedherereferstothetilethatbuildstheroof(theancienttilehasatang,outward;thetileandthetangareconnected,justlikepeopleThefootisconnectedtotheankle,so"wa"isinterpretedas"ankle"),whichshowsthatthemeaningof"wa"hasshiftedatleastattheendoftheHanDynasty.ThiskindofmaterialisveryvaluableforustodiscussthesemanticsofwordsandthehistoryofChinese.
3."ShiMing"säilyttää myös joitakin vanhoja sanojaHan-dynastiasta.Esimerkiksi"ShiTian":"Paljaa, huolestuttaa ja peittää asioita.""Fuhureminen"on vanha sanonta, jota kutsutaan myös "peitettäväksi kasteeksi". :"Rainbow,alsocalledabeauty."Thisisanancientcommonname.Legendhasitthatinancienttimes,therewasacouplewhodiedoffoodinthefamineyear,andtheyallturnedintogreenrainbows,sothecustomcalledthemthebeautyrainbow."Shisangzhi":"SincetheHanDynasty,deathisamatterofthings.""Deathinprisonmeanstest."Theseancientsayingsconveytheinformationofthelanguageoftheancienttimesandcanbeusedasevidenceforinvestigatingthetrajectoryofancientandmodernlanguages.
4.Theobjectofinterpretationin"ShiMing"doesnotfocusontheliteraturelanguage,butfocusesonthedailynamesandthings,soitinvolvesawiderangeofsociallife,fromastronomy,geography,personnel,andcustoms;plus"ShiMing"Thebookisnotfarawayfromthepast,sotheancientsystemcanbeinferredbasedonthenamesandthingsexplained.Forexample,"Shishuqi":"Hansystem,abouttheemperor'sentitlementtotheprince'sbook.Theenactment,theemperor,andtheemperor'sorderisnottoviolatethelaw."ItshowsthatwhentheHanDynastycanonizedtheprince,therewasadocumenttopreventhimfrombreakingthelaw.Anotherexampleis"ShiDianyi":"Thesteleisthequilt.Theburialwassetup,ShiLulu(辘轳)wasplacedontopofitwitharope,andthecoffinwascitedbelow.Thecourtiersrecountedthemeritsoftheemperor,andtheUnitedStateswroteaboutit.Above.LatergenerationsbuiltontheheadofDaoMofornoreason(thatis,materialfate),theobviousplace,thenameofthetextiscalledthestele.”Theevolutionofthefunctionofthestelecanbeseenfromthis.Itturnsoutthatinancientfunerals,thereweretwostonestelesateachendofthetomb,andapotter'swheelwasplacedbetweenthesteles.Later,thestelewasusedtotracetheachievementsoftheancestors."Shishuqi":"Wat,Huye.Ifyouhaveinstructionsandenlightenment,thebookisonit,andyoucanforgetit."Fromthis,wecanunderstandthepurposeofthepalmsheldbytheministersintheancientcourts."Shiclothes":"Thecrotch,oneisthechest,andtheotheristheback."ThecrotchoftheHanDynastyisequivalenttothevestoftheoffspring."Uh,putitontheshoulders,it'snotasgoodasthebackoftheshawl."Itistheshawl.ThepredecessorsbelievedthatitstartedintheJinDynasty,soitcanbeseenfromtheendoftheHanDynasty."ShiJewelry":"Quiet,quilt.Thosewithlesshaircanbehelped."ItturnsoutthatwigswereusedasheaddressesasearlyastheHanDynasty."Ear-piercingandShizhucalledZhuo.Thiswasoriginallydonebybarbarians,andbarbariansareeasytowalk,sothisiswhattheChinesepeopledotoday."ThebirthandspreadofZhuocanbeseenfromthis."Shuyongqi":"Fill,Jiaye.Addasticktothehandle,andthegrainwillemergefromtheears."Itcanbeseenthatthefarmtoolflailusedforthreshinginsomeareashasalonghistory.Readingtheserecordscanobtainencyclopedicknowledge,understandthecivilizationhistoryofancientChinesesociety,andexaminetheoriginsofthingsandtheproductionandlifeoftheHanDynasty.
Fromtheabove,itcanbeseenthat"ShiMing"isanextremelyimportantworkforthestudyofexegetics,linguistics,andsociology.BiYuanfromtheQingDynastysaid:"Hisbooksarereferencedintheschool,theancientandthemodern,thedistinctionbetweenthenamesandthedifferencesbetweentheceremonies,andthebook"ErYa"and"Shuowen"areindispensableinthefuture."("ShuMingshu"Prologue")Thisevaluationisverypertinent.
Painoksen huomautus
"ShiMingin" luomisen jälkeen kukaan ei ole järjestänyt sitä pitkään aikaan."Ya" ja "Piya" ovat yhteispainettuja, ja niitä kutsutaan nimellä "WuYaQuanShu". Koska muut neljä kirjaa käyttävätnimeä "Ya", "ShiMing" on muutettu muotoon "YiYa". Siitä lähtien"YisalsYaming".
Huomautuksia
Theprintedversionof"ShiMing"hasmanydefects,sotheQingDynastymadesupplementaryexplanationsonitAmongthem,themostimportantworksareBiYuan's"ShuMingShuzheng","ShiMingSuzhenSupplement",WangXianqian's"ShiMingShuZhengSupplement",thelatterisamasterpieceoftheQingDynastyresearchandcollationof"ShiMing".
Today’scompilingbooksincludeZhuMincheandSunYuwen's"ShimingShuzhengSupplement"(PublishedbyZhonghuaBookCompany),andRenJifang's"ShiMinghuiSchool"(QiluPublishingHouse).
The WorksofContinuedGuang
WeiZhao's"DistinguishingNames"
BiYuanin"JatkuuShiMingandShiMingSupplements
ZhangJinwu's"GuangShiMing"
Motivaatiotyypit
TheMotivaatiotyypitofShiMingcanbedividedintoMotivationofdescription,motivationofdescription,motivationofloan,derivationandcomposition.
"ShiMing"imitatesthevocalrationale,orimitatesthesoundofnaturalphenomena,orimitatesthesoundofmusicalinstruments,productiontools,orimitatesthephysiologicalsoundofhumanbeings,etc.Motivationofdescriptionnatureisthebasisofimitationofthestateofthings.Thelendingbasisisthebasisfromnon-Chinesewords.Thederivationof"ShiMing"isbasedonthefactthatthereisacertainconnectionbetweenthepronunciation,meaning,shapeandgrammarofthewordtobeinterpreted.ThetypeofcompoundmotivationinShimingcanbedividedintocompoundmotivationofclustercompoundwords,compoundmotivationofrelatedcompoundwords,andcompoundmotivationofcompoundwordswithambiguousmeaningrelations.Thereasonablegroundsrevealedin"ShiMing"accountedformorethan75%ofallinterpretedwords."ShiMing"isatrustworthydictionaryofrationale.Therearealsosomeflawsinthestudyoftherationaleof"ShiMing".Oneis"thematerialisnotrich,andtheomissionisalittlebittoomuch",andthesecondis"involvement.Buttheflawsdonotconcealthemerits,andthecontributionof"ShiMing"isindelible.
Yhteenveto neljästä valtiovarainministeriöstä
"Shiming"·Kahdeksan osaa (Neifu-kokoelmassa)
WrittenbyLiuXiintheHanDynasty.Theword"Xi"isacountryfromBeihai.Twentychaptersofhisbook.Withthesamesoundandharmony,inferringthemeaningofnameanddistinguishingthings,itisquitehurtfulinthemiddle,butitcanbeseenbecauseoftheancientpronunciation.Goingbacktotheancienttimes,theartifactsreleasedcanalsobetracedtothelegacyoftheancientsystem.Forexample,"SongsoftheChuNineSongs":"XueLipatsthesilksilk."WangYi'snote:"Pat,fightandPialso."Theword"boandPi",nowIdon'tknowwhatitis .Guanisthebook"ShuChuangTengPian",whichisknownas"tofightagainstthewall"byZhiYiXi.InKongYingda's"BookofRites,Justice",alltwelvepiecesofdeepclothingwerehandedoverandreferredtoasjun.Itisthebook"ShiXixianPian"thatsays:"Yun,襜,襜襜canalsobebytheside."Itcanbemutuallyconfirmedwiththe"Yuzao"whosaid"the衽isbytheside"."ShibingPian "says:"Theswordroomiscalledcutting,thedecorationoftheroommouthiscalled琫,andthedecorationattheendofthenextiscalled琕."Itisenoughtoprovetheerrorofthe"MaoShiXunZhuan".Ithasalotofresearchandevidence.WuWeizhaotriedtowriteavolumeof"DistinguishingNames"tocorrectXi'smistakes,andhisbookwasnotpassedon.However,the"ClassicExplanation"quotedoneofthewords:"The"ShiMing"says:Thesoundofthecarintheancientsislikearesidence,soitisalsoaresidence.Todayitisacar ,andthesoundrulerhidesthereverse.Theancientssaidthatthesoundofacarislikearesidence,wordsanddeedsmakepeoplelive.Todayitisacar.Acarisahouse,andawalkerislikeahouse."Coveringthe"four-characterears").WeiZhaoyun"Theancientcaristheextravagantantiphonicruler.SincetheLaterHanDynasty,therehasbeenahomeaccent."Thepoemof"HeBiying"uses"Che"torhyme"Hua".Thepoemof"Taoyao"uses" Hua"torhyme"Home".JiaGuYingu,HuaGuYinfu,thenCheGuYinju,moreUndoubtedly.WhatXisaidisnotwrong,andwhatZhaozhihasdiscernedmaynotbecompletelylost.Thebookortitleis"YiYa".GaiMingLangKuiJintakesthebookand"ErYa","XiaoErYa","GuangYa"and"PiYa"wereco-printed,andthenamewas"FiveYa".Sincethefourbooksallhavethenameof "Ya",thetitleof"YiYa"waschangedtofollowthecategory.Itisnottheoriginaltitle,soIwon'tfollowitnow."LiuZhenBiography"intheLaterHanDynasty,calledZhenZhenwrote50"ShiMing"todistinguishthetitleofallthings.Thetitleofthebookisthesame,andthelastnameisthesame.ZhengMing'sselectionof"ZhenYan"isquitesuspicious.Thosewhocherish"ShiMing"aretreasuredbooksthathavebeenlostforalongtimeandshouldnotbeusedassuchbooks.Mingxuanalsocallsthisbooktwenty-seven,whichisinconsistentwiththecurrentedition .Mingxuan,Wanlin ihmiset,ei pitäisi jättää väliin vanhaa painosta,jäänyt muistamaan jonkin aikaa,vei vahingossa kaksikymmentäkaksikymmentäseitsemän?