Esittely
ThereactorisakindOfevipmentThatrealizesthereactionprocess, joka on kirjoitettu antorealisheliquid-faseSingle-fasereactionprocessandtheliquid-neste, kaasu-neste, neste-, kaasu-nesteen ja ja -solidandotermultiphasereactictionprocess.Thereareoftenstring (mekaaninen syttyminen, ilmavirtausvirta jne..-A DevicesInthevessel.Whentheheightdiameterisrelativelylarge,multi-layerstirringbladescanbeused.WhenthematerialSneedTobeheatedorcooledderthereactionprocess, aJacketcanbesetonthewallofthereactor, oraheatExChangeSurfacecanbeseTinthereactor, orheatExChangecanBePerFormortHroughExternalCirculation.
Tyyppi
REACTORAPEARANCEPHOTOS (4PHOTOS-A
Thetypesofcommonlyusedreactors(seetable-Aare:①TubereactionDevice.Itiscomposedofemptypipesorfilledpipeswithrelativelylargelengthanddiameter,whichcanbeusedtorealizegas-phasereactionandliquid-phasereaction.②Kettlereactor.Itiscomposedofacylindricalcontainerwithrelativelysmalllengthanddiameter,andisoftenequippedwithmechanicalstirringorairflowstirringdevices.Itcanbeusedforliquid-phasesingle-phasereactionprocessandliquid-liquidphase,gas-liquidphase,gas-liquid-solidphasereactionprocess.Thegas-liquidphasereactionprocessiscalledabubblingstirredtank(seebubblingreactor-A;thegas-liquidsolidphasereactionprocessiscalledastirredtankslurryreactor.③Reactorwithabedofsolidparticles.Gasor(and-Aliquidpassesthroughafixedormovingbedofsolidparticlestoachieveamultiphasereactionprocess,includingfixedbedreactors,fluidizedbedreactors,movingbedreactors,tricklebedreactors,etc.④Towerreactor.Towerequipmentusedtorealizegas-liquidorliquid-liquidreactionprocesses,includingpackedtowers,platetowers,bubbletowers,etc.(seecolorpictures-A.⑤Jetreactor.Itisadeviceformixingwithanejectortorealizeasingle-phasegasorliquidphasereactionprocessandamultiphasereactionprocesssuchasgas-liquidphaseandliquid-liquidphase.⑥Variousotheratypicalreactors.Suchasrotarykiln,aerationtank,etc.Toimintamalli
Määräkäyttöoperaatio, ThereactorCanbedivideDiTiTo:
①BatchtankReactor, Orbatchtank.
Teos.ThedisadvantagesofterMitententkettlesare: apulaisoperaatiot.Kuitenkin forsomereactionprocesses, sellainen, jokaruudomefermenationReactionsandpolymerisointReactions, itistilldiffultoAchievecontIntyProduction, ja batchtanKSarestilluseduptonow.
Inabatch-operatedReactor, terawmaterialsareadedTotereactoratacetRatRatioatimeMy and theematerialSaredischargedeTiimtertherActionReachesAccartredredirement.Jatkuvaa käyttöä.WhentheoperationReachesasteadState, thecomplition, temperatureAndotSerstateParameters fTheMaterialatanyitionInThereactorWillNotchangewithtime.Thesemi-continuctionoperationReactorisalsocalledTheMi-ExatchoperationReactor.ITISBETWEENTHEABOVETWO.Yleensä onereaktanttisaddetonce ja sentheotherreactantContIneaseddded.Jälkikäteen.
Thebatchreactoristhattheequipmentissimple, thesameEquipmentCanbeUnedToProduceavarity-tuotteiden, erityisesti soveltumattomatForsmallbatch, monivarasto.INDADDION, ITESNOBACKMIXINGOFMATERIALSINTHEBATCHREACTOR, WHOSILEFICALTOMOSTREACTIONS.ThedisadvantageSThatauxiliaaryProcessessuchasloadingandUndingAndCleaningArerEnced, ja theproDuctqualityisnoteasytobestable.
② ContinaltytankReactor, OrContuleTtank
-A.THEESTHIONTIONTINTENTKETTLECANBEAVEODED, BUTTHESTIRRINGEFECTWILLCAUSEETHEBACKMIXINGOFTHEFLUIDINTHEKETLE.Insituationswherethestirringisintense, theliquidviscosityislow, ortheaverageresidenceTimeislong, flowpatternofTheMatherinthekettlecanBeregardedasafateflefatedShedflow ja thereactionKeTleSiscorresioningscalledafeelfyMixedKeettle.Missä tahansa.ATTHISTIME, Multi-TankReactorsCanbeUneDInSerESTOREUCETHEADESEFECTSOFBACKMIXING ANDEREACTIONCONDIONSSCANBECONTROLLEDINESEPARATECKS.
Jatkuva.THEADVANTAGAGESSONTIVERREACTORSARESTABLEPRODUCTQUALIAALIADEASYOPERATIONADADCONTROL.ThedisadvantageSThatTherEreDifferentDegreesOfBackMixingincontIntyReactors, joka onFaciablefactorformStreactionsandsandbesuppressedBylerAbleReactoMOdelValintaAndStructRuctDesign.
③Semi-INTONEUsonTTANKREACTOR.
Referstoareactorin whichonerawmaterialisaddetonceandantherrawmaterialiscontIneasedded.Sen karakteerit.
Ruokinta
FORCONTINUANEDREACTORSWITHMORETHANTWORAWMATERIALS, FlowDirectionOfTheMaterialScanbeco-CurrentorCounter-Current.ForquiPmentinwhichseveralReactorsformacascade, ristikkäin flowfeedingcanalsobeused, seis, onerawmaterialPassesthrougheachReactorInturn, ja altterrawmaterialisadtedTochReactorsePearaltegy.Inadditiontoflowoutwards,therearealsorawmaterialsthatareaddedfromoneend(orbothends-Aofthereactoranddividedintosections.StagedAdditionMeansThatoKinDofrawmaterialisadded fromoneend ja theotherkindofrawmaterialisdividedInosveralStagestobeadded fromdifferentPositionSinthereactor.Cross-FlowcanalsoberegardedasakindofStagedfeedingmethod.WhatfeedingmethodshouldBeUnedDependsonTheCharacteristicsOfthereactionProcess.
HeatExChangemethod
MostreactionShaveobViousThermaleffects.InorderToMaketherActionProceedUndersuitAbleTEMPerAturconditions, ITISOFTENNEYYYTEEXCHANGHEATONThereaCTANTSYSTEM.TheHeatExChangemethodscludeDIRECTHEATEXCHANGEANDDIRECTHEATEXCHEChange.IndirecTheEtExChangeReferstotheheatExchangeBetWeTherActionMaterialAntheHeatingMedithruurtHePartTionWall-, jaDirecTheEtExChaneferstohedirecTheEtExchangeBetWetTherActionMaterialandTheTheThedMedium.Forexotermikreaktiot, senheaterheatCarriedbythereactionproductCanbeUnedToHeatThereactionRawmaterialStoreachTequiredReactionTemperature.TämäkinkinsofreactoriscalledanauthermalReactor.
Myöhemmin
① "Isotermalreactor" AnidealreactorwHerheteemperaturefthereacTantSystemisequaleverywhere.Areactorwithextremelysmallreactionheateffect,orfullheatexchangebetweenthereactionmaterialandtheheatcarrier,oralargeheatfeedbackinthereactor(suchasavigorouslystirredtankreactor-A,canbeapproximatedasanisothermalreactor.
② "AdiabaterReactor" AnidealreactorWithoutheateExchangeBetWeEnTherActionActionAnEnTheenVironment.Alarge-ScaleindustrialReactorWithOuTheatExChangedeeviceinthereactionzonecanBeregardedasanadiabaticReactorwheheatExchangevaihto.
③ "Ei-isotermalnon-adiabaticreactor" HasHeatExchangewiththeoutide ja senceisalsoheatfeedbackinthereactor, butthereactothatcannotreachisothermalConditions, sucasthetubularfixed-bedreactor.
TheHeatExChangecanbecarriedutinthereactionzone, sucasastirredtankwithajacketforheatExchange, orinthereactionzone, sucasamulti-stagereactorwithheatExchangebetweensles.
Käyttöolosuhteet
Pääasiassa.Lämpötilansensitiivinen facThaTaffectsthereactionprocess, andanapproprate operatingTemperatureTemperAturesequenceMustBeselectedToMaketherActionProcessProceeproundOnceSquenceMustConditions.Forexample,forreversibleexothermicreactions,atemperaturesequenceofhighfirstandlowtemperatureshouldbeusedtobalancethereactionrateandequilibriumconversionrate(seechemicalequilibrium-A.
Thereactorcanbeoperatedundernormalpressure,pressureornegativepressure(vacuum-A.Paine-operatedReactorsaremainustedForreactionProcessesInVolvingGas.Kasvava toimenpidevaiheessa.Forgas-fasereversiblereactionswithrededTotalMoles, itcanincreasetheequilibriumconversionRate, sellainen.Kasvava operatiivinen painopreasansoocreasethesolublibility ofThegasintHeliquid, somanygas-nestemäinen.
Valinta
ForaspesificReactionprocess, theselectionofthereactorrequirescomperrehensiveconsiderationOfVariousfactorsSuchastnology, EconomyAdSafety.
TheBasicCharakteristicsOftherActionProcessDetERMinethAPPRICEATEACTECTORFORFORFORM.Etunäyttely, TheGas-SolidphasereactionProcessGenerySusesUSFixedBedReactor,.Kuitenkin theAprateValintaNeedstoconsiderthethermaleffectHereaction, siellä tehdyt ForthereactionConversionRaTeandSelectivity, ThefysicalAndChemicalProperties ofThathCatalysstandTheDeactivointi jne.., AndventheconceptualDesignofDifferentreactorsisRequiredToCarryoutTechnicalDevelopment.Andekonomikanalyysikandetermidlater.
DadditionTothformOfthereactor, TheOperatingModeandFeedingModeOftherActoralsOneEdTobeconserned.Esimerkiksi prosessin kanssa.TheTemperaturesequenceSalsoanimportantfactorInReactorselection.Forexample, foranexotermicReversiblereaction, atemperaturesequenceofhighfirstandthenlowshouldbeuleve.Monivaiheinen, vaiheiden välinen heatExchangereactorscanMaketheteMperaturesequenceOfthereactorrorererererersioniable.ReactorOccuPiesAnimportanSPositionInProcessIntrialProduction.AsfarastheconstructionInvestmentDoperatingCostsfhewHoleprocessareconcerned.Kuitenkin sen käyttäytymis-.Siksi theresearchandDevelopmentfthereactorisOfGreatsignitionCortHortEDevelopmentOfVariousprocessindicries.