Paul Krugman

Hahmo

PaulKrugman,borninLongIsland,NewYorkin1953,receivedadoctoratefromMITin1977,andtaughtatYale,MIT,andStanfordUniversitysuccessivelyIn1991,theyoungKrugmanwontheClarkPrizeoftheAmericanEconomicAssociation,whichisregardedasanimportantindicatoroftheNobelPrize;in2000,hewasappointedProfessorofEconomicsintheSchoolofPublicAffairsandInternationalAffairsatPrincetonUniversity.

Vuonna 1953, Krugmanwasbornintoamiddle-Classamericanfamily.HegrewupinthesuburbsofNewYork.Jälkikäteen.KenneHighschool, HecameThefamousMassachusettsinstituteofTECHNOGYTUSTUD -d -dYECONOMICT.Yliopistossa Krugman näytti mieluummin historiaa.Hedid NotTaKemanycoursesineconomics, ButhewentToHistoryCourSeseveryday.Kuiten.

IntthesecondyErafCollege, The Famouseconomistnordhaus, sen jälkeen.Vaikuttunut, hän onMediaalyInVithimTobehisassistant.Jälkikäteen liittyvä monivaltio, alussa.Tämän aikana D -d -duetoPersonalproblems, Hismoodwasrelatiivisestilow.Jälkikäteen.

Krugmanalsohadnoambitionsatyaleuniversity.Koska Ofhisstrongpersonality, HeOffendeManypeopleanD -d -devenlosThisghaatesCholarship.

Paul Robin Krugman osallistui tapahtumaan (11 kuvaa)

In1978,hewenttovisitthefamouseconomistD -d -dornBush("MacroeconomicsAuthorof"Learning"),D -d -dornbush’sencouragementhelpedhimregainhisself-confidence,andhefoundthathehadfoundthekeytoopeningthedoortosuccess.Hebegantowriteapaperonthemonopolisticcompetitiontrademodel.InJulyofthatyear,hesubmittedthispapertothesummerseminaroftheNationalEconomicResearchBureau.Theparticipantsinthismeetingwerethemostinfluentialeconomistsintheworldatthattime.Whenhestartedtoreadthepaper,peopledidn'tpayattention,theywerealltalkingtoeachother.Gradually,thehallfellsilent,andpeoplestoppedtalkingandlistenedintentlytoKrugman'sspeech.Krugmanbecamefamousovernight!Krugmanrecalled:"Thatwasthebest90minutesofmylife."Inthefollowingdays,honorandmoneyfollowed,andKrugmanstartedflyingaroundtheworld,givingspeeches,andparticipating.Seminars,meetingallkindsofpeople.However,hekeptaclearheadandwasstilldevotedtoacademicresearchinadditiontobusysocializing.

Vuonna 1982, KrugmanJustReurnedfromaninternationalConferenceinswedenwenhereceivedAcallfromfeldstein, kutsuu,.The ExperienceInWashingtonWasnotPleasant.HefoundThatinThisplace, goodanalytsarenotReuseble, butflatterersarejustlikefishinwater.Pian Hebecamebored, Butinwashington, Hediscoveredanothertalentofhisown: TellingSeriouseconomicissuesInconciseandeasy-to-ymmärrystenguage.The1983PresidentialConomicReportWasauthoredbykrugman.

Ideaalien jatkaminen

AyearinWashingtonhasexhaustedKrugmanphysicallyandmentally.Foralongtime, heneterdidacademicsnorpolitics.Kuitenkin Tooutsiders, HemixedUpverywell: Hebecameateneredprofessoratayounging, withAgeneroussalary, useinFlyingaroundTheWorldTatendvariousConferences..Kuitenkin KrugmanwasextremelyD -d -disAppoint.Hän sanoi: "Verrattuna 99%: iin,.ButMyeferenceObjectSThemostSuccessfulconomistofMygeneration.IhavenotyetbecomeOnefthem."

Vuonna 1987, Krugmanbegantoregainhiscreativity, hewrotealarGenumberofHigh-laadunpakkaukset-ThethirdworldD -d -debtrelief, TheroleOfTheeuropeanmenetaryysteem, TradeCollectionisaatio.ThepRaiseForthesArticlesD -d -dispelledhisD -d -doubtsaBouthisresearciability, AndhebeGantoopenuPanewfield-thenewTradeTheory.TheseachievementsarnedhimtheJohnbatesClaKaward.

Vuonna 1988, Krugman julkaisija kirja "theageofD -d -decliningexpectionations", joka on lukennettu.HECO: n kirjoitettu "Internationalekonomics" kanssa obersfalderandbecamethestandardTextBookForuniversitiesandtradingcompanies.Secheeeinghisbook,.Tothisend, KrugmanHireD -d -dabrokersPecifical, notToAtRactMorEcustomers, ButtoincreasePricesandD -d -discouragemerChators.THISPERIOD -d -dKRUGMAND -d -dACOVERED -d -dANICINTINGSUBjec-Economicgeographin aikana.HeaMebianlyWantsTodevelopTHissubjectIntoAbranchofeconomicsandhasmadegreatprogressinthisfield.

Majorakäytökset

The1992PresidentialelectionmadekrugManabighitinfrontofallamericans.SIRECONOMICSPEECHONTVGAVECLINTONAGREATHELP, BUTCLINTONID -d -dID -d -dOTUSEHIMASTHEPRESID -d -dENTSECONOMICAD -d -dVISERAFTERHEETOOFICE.Sen sijaan Hechosetyon, Afemaleekonomistatberkeleyuniversity.Thereasonwasthatkrugman'scharacterwastooupright, joka oli WhasoffendendInwashingtonandacademia.Harvat ihmiset.KrugmanhimSelfalsosaid: "IntermsofCharacter, IAMNOTSUID -d -dABLEFORTHATKIND -d -dOFOPONTIONE.Youhavetobeabletodealwithpeopleandplayhaha​​whenpeoplesaysillythings."Krugmanin1996OnceagainsurprisedTheWorld, HisBook" PopularInternationalism "rohkeasti ennustettu.TheBook WatRePrinted8TimesInJustTwoyears, WithatOtalof1.2 miljoonaa.Atthesametime, Krugman'sekonomicgeographyresearchhasmadesigntProgress.Monipeopelinekonomiset shavealReadyssertedthatKrugmanwillwinthenobelprizeinekonomics.

Onoctober13,2008, newelcommiteeoftheroyalswedishacademyofsciencesduetohis "analyticworkOnTradePatternsandPositioningOfConomicActivities" ("forhisanalysisofTradePatternsandLocationOfecomicActive") ja.Theouththeasianekonomiccrisisismadekrugmanthefocusofatention.FourTheditionOfinternationalekonomia, yhdessä kirjoittanut BylimandoBersfalder, HasalsObeTentransledIntochinesAndPulbed julkaistu.IntHefaceofhonor, whatdoeskrugmanthink? Hesaid: "Weallwantrights, jaweareeagertosucced, butforme."

Tutkimuskentät

InternationalTrade, International Finance, CurrencyCrisisandExChangeratEchangetheory.

WontHenobelprize

Vuoden 2008 Nobelprize NeconomicsWasannouncedat19: 00ONOCTOBER13 2008, Pekingin aika.TheroyalswedishacademyofsciencesAnchedThatTwillawardthe55-vuotiaidenamerikkalaisetekonomistipaulkrugmanthisyear'snobelprizeinekonomics.NeObelprizecommitteeawardedhimtheawardspeechbecausefhisanalysisoftRadePatternsandPositioningfeconomicActivitsiot.

Vuonna 1953, Krugmanwasbornintoamiddle-Classamericanfamily.HegrewupinthesuburbsofNewYork.Jälkikäteen.KenneHighschool, HecameThefamousMassachusettsinstituteofTECHNOGYTUSTUD -d -dYECONOMICT.Jälkikäteen.D -d -d., HewenttoTeachatyaleuniversity.

Vuonna 1982, Hewenttowashingtontoserveashecheefeconomistofinternationalekonomicintheconomicadvisorygroup.SillowinternationalTradeToryHecreateD -danalyzesandExplains theImpactofincomegrowtInMerfectcompetitionionternationalTrade.HistiooreettinenTsarefullofprimitetive, andheoftennoticesImportanconomicissuesBeforeels ja Thenbuildsimppressiondep, conciseandeLegantModels, odottavat furtherresearchbyoterlatecomers.HeishailedadeOfthemosteye-catchingTradetheoristsintheworldtoday, andhisprofecyoftheasianfinancialcrisisin1994hasmadeHispositionontheinternationalekonomicstagevershigh.

Hewontheclarkprize, tunnettu "Little Nobel -palkinto", vuonna 1991.TheawardisanawardsetupbytheameranconomicascationforyoungeconomistStorewardThemfortHughtsanddnowledge ".

Syyt

KrugmanwasawardedforhiscontributionToTudyoffReetRadeandglobalisointi.TheroyalswedishacademyofscicessTatedThatKrugmancreateD -dandClarifiedasetofNewtheors.ToanswerquestionsRelatedTofReetrade.TheroyalswedishacademyofsciencessAidInitsAWardStatetiement: "WhatisheimpactoffReTradeandglobalisaatio? Mihinruudet.Ongelmat.”THESTATEMATIONESSIED -dOT:” HehasthereworfategratedThePrevilyD -disparateresearchFieldSofinternationalTradeandekonomicgeografia.”NETOBELPRIZEILOKONOMICSISALSOTHELASTOFTHESIXNOBELPRIZESTHISYEAR, Nobelekonomia.TheawardisnotoneoftheFiveawardsmentionedinthewillofalfredbernhard-nobel, thefamousswedishemistandinventorofnitroglyseriini, buttitwasaddebyThecentralbankofswedenin1968tocommoratenobel.TheawardwasawardedForthefirstTimein1969, jaSfullNameis "Memorialalfred-Nobelswedbankeconomicscienceaward".

NewelcommitteeoftheroyalswedishacademyofsciencesAnchedhetheawardefwardefwardefwardefwardefwardefwardefwardefwardefthe2008NobelprizeInekonomicstotheamericaneconomistandPrincetonuniversityProfessorpaulkrugman.Krugman'steoreettResearchFieldSaretradePatternsandRegionalekonomicActivity.ThemythofPaulKrugMankrugman (Paulkrugman) WasaprofessorofeconomicsatthemassachusettsinstituteoftnologyIntheUnitedstates.

1990 -luvulla Krugmansuccessly -arvonlisä "1997AsianFinancialCrisis."ATTHATIME, heproposedThattheso-kutsuttu" AsianMiracle "oli" builtonfloatingsands ja junerorlaterdisillusioned."Erityisesti aikana, ASTHOBOOMINGPERIOD -dOFRAPID -dD -dEVELPOINT, AasiaHasalReadyLurkedadeEpeconomiccrisisandWilleneralarge-ScaleadJustmentwithinacetertPerioD -dOftime.

TheSuccessfulverficationFthePredictionIn1997StablatedKrugman'sStatusasa "NewGenerationOfeconomicmasters."Mukana, PaulkrugmanisanewgenerationOfliberalekonomia, andhisresearchfieldsmainlyfocusontradePatternsandRegionalekonomicActivities.Tällä hetkellä Paulkrugman'svictoryHascauseAnupSetThatisnotConsideda "epäsuosittu" inthe2008NobelprizeInekonomicscometionition.

InpreViouspredictionsFromallparties, KrugmanwasnotseenintheTOpThreeGroupsOfPoPularWinners.Kuitenkin KrugmanisstilleRePresentativeOfliberalekonomicsThenobelprizeInconomicshasalwausefacted.HisVictoryisstillThevictoryOftHeliberAliberconomictheorySchool.Itallocontinuest "perinteitä" thenobelprizeineconomicsHatfavoRsamericanekonomistit.

Thespellreappars

Newelcomiteeftheroyalswedishacademyofsciencesancesanced, että2008NobelprizeinekonomicswasawardedtotheamericaneconomistandPrincetonuniversityProfessorpaulkrugman (Paulkrugman).Krugman).1990 -luvulla Krugmansuccessly -arvonlisä "1997AsianFinancialCrisis"andestablishedKrugman'sstatusasa"newgenerationofeconomicmasters.".

"Magiccurse" OfConomicsprizesReappars.The WallstreetJournaloncesAid, "ennustaenThenobelekonomicsprizeisnoteryly didifficculcult."ThefinalselectionResultsFisyAr'sConomicsAwardSonCeagainverfiedThissence.Vaikka Themedia jaCelebrities -.

Accordingtotheusualpractice,ThomsonReutershasproposedthreesetsofpredictionlistsforthe2008NobelPrizeinEconomics:UniversityofChicagoprofessorLarsHanson,NewYorkUniversityprofessorThomasSargentandPrincetonUniversityprofessorChristopherSims,becauseofhisuseofeconometricsandothercomplexeconomictheoriestopredicttheactualsecuritiesmarket,UCLAprofessorsArmenAlchianandHaroldD -d -demsetz,becauseoftheirForhiscontributiontointellectualpropertytheory,HarvardUniversityprofessorMartinFeldstein,whowasthechairmanoftheUSPresident’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers,isduetohisresearchresultsinthefieldoftaxationandsocialsecurity.Mutta birthofpaulkrugmanhasundoubledlyprovedonceagainthe "kirous" Of Thenobelprizeinekonomia.

Financialcrisis"achievement"NobelPrize

"Blackmouth" ProfessorrugmaninekonomicsSucceeditisprofiedThattheasianModelCannotbemained, andamidTheAplausefeFourasiangers, theeaStasiaModeliswarnedThatTherewillbeacrisis.

Beforethe1997Asianfinancialcrisis,Krugmanpublished"TheReturnofD -d -depressionEconomics",whichcanbesaidtobeanaccurateprediction,andKrugmanalsogainedfameasaresult.OnMarch17 2008, HexpressedhisviewSonthecurrentekonomicalitioningIntheUnitedStatinaninterviewwiththeamericanekonomicmagazinefortune.HesidthatD -dueToTheconomicRecession, thejapaneseekonomihasnotaltegnedRecaredwithin10years."IamveryworriedThiswillhappenintheUnitedstates.ITISESTIMETTYTYTEUSECONOMYWILLRECOVERINMID -d-2010."TÄMÄSSITUSSSTAGNATIONWILLCONTINUEFORALONGTIME.HesidThatTheD -developmentOftherealestaTEMarketSStagnantandloansarediffcultcultricultricaterArtEStatepricestocontinuetofallandfallInOavicioccircle.Tämä CRISISISMAYBEASSERIOSSESTHEFINANCIALCRISISOFTHELATE1990SAD -dTHTHECRISISISOFTEEARLLY21STICENTY."Fromoneaspect, theintensificaththeglobalfinancialcrisis" saavuttaa "Krugman'snobeldream.

KrugmanisknownastheBestwritingekonomistinceKeynes.HeisalsoOfThemostfamouseconomists ofTHenewgeneration.Inhisbook"RenaissanceofD -d -depressionEconomy",Krugmandescribedthepurposeofdepressioneconomicsforus,thatis,thestudyof"freelunch"."Siellä on" lounas ", ThishemostConciseSentenencenconomics.ITMeansThatResourcesarelimoitu.Ifyouwantmoreofonething, youMusthavelessofanotherthing.Se onSisnogainwithoutpaying.ButenthegreAtrecession "aslongaswereachout, sille."ForthEcurrentfinancialCrisissweepingTheworld, professorrugmansaidThatinorderToPreventfinancialInstitutionsFromexperiNencingProblems, TheUSGovernmentShouldovidInVestinglarge-ScalereliefundSInNannerNannerNannerNannerNannerNannerNannerNannerNannernannerNannernmentMand, että.Onko Genrancanbecomethe "pelastaja" theglobalfinancialcrisis, wewillalsowaitandsee.

Kustantamo

ViewmoreBooks

Palkintoperiaatio

• Vuonna 1991 American Economic Association, John Bates Clark -mitali.Becauseitwasawardedtoonlyoneperson,everytwoOnceayear(before2009),EconomicsdescribedtheClarkMedalas“moredifficulttoobtainthantheNobelPrize”.

• 1992, tutkijaamericanacademyofartsandsciences (AAAS).

• Vuonna 1995, theadamsmithawardnationalasociationalbusinessekonomia

• 1998, pH.D -d -d.HonoraryD -d -degreeinEconomicsattheFreeUniversityofBerlin,FreeUniversityofBerlininGermany

• IN2000, TheHcrecktenwaldprizeineconomicsWasawardedbyerlandroot-NuremberGuniversityisingermany.

• In2002,EditorandPublisher,columnistoftheyear.

• Vuonna 2004, ThePrinceofasturiasfoundation (Espanja), ThePrinceofasturiasprizeinsocialScences.

• In2004,D -d -doctorofHumanitiesHonoraryD -d -degree,HaverfordCollege

• Vuonna 2008, Krugman'scontributionTothewTradetheoryOftHenobelprizeInconomics.HebecamethewInnerOfthe12thjohnbatesclarkprizeandwasawardedthenobelmemorialprize.

• In2012,honorarydoctoratefromUNIVERSID -d -dAD -d -dELisboa,UNIVERSID -d -dAD -d -dETECNICALisboaandNewUniversityofLisbon

• In2013,theD -d -doctorofLaws,honorarydegreewasawardedtotheUniversityofToronto,Canada,Toronto,Canada

• 2014,Recipient'sJamesJoyceAwardfromtheLiteraryandHistoricalSociety(UniversityofD -d -dublin)inrecognitionofhisoutstandingcontributiontoeconomicscience.

• In2014,therecipientwasGreenTempletonCollege,JayalarGuestProfessorofEntrepreneurshipandD -d -developmentatOxfordUniversity,TrinityPeriod2014,asatableZhanghashisoutstandinginternationalreputationinthedevelopmentofacademicandresearchintheeconomicandcommercialfields.

• In2016,D -d -doctorofArts,honorarydegreeswereawardedtoOxfordUniversity,OxfordUniversity,UK

Majorit

Edustaja

"TheAgeofD -d -decliningExpectations","TheMysteryoftheAsianMiracle","TheReturnofD -d -depressionEconomics","PopularInternationalism","InternationalEconomics",""BigCrack","TheConscienceofaLiberal",etc.

Julkaisutiedot

"ReturnofD -d -depressionEconomics",CITICPress,2012.

"SpaceConomics: kaupungit, alueet ja kansainvälinenTrade", EconomicsScientifictranslationLibrary, RenminuniversityOfChinaPress, 2005

"GeographyAndtrade", InternationalConomicsTranslationCollection, RenminUniversityOfChinaPress, 2000

"ExchangeRateInstability", InternationalConomicsTranslationsies, RenminUniversityOfChinaPress, 2000

"PopularInternationalismi", InternationalekonomicsTranationseries, RenminUniversityOfChinaPress, 2000

"StrategicTradepolicyAndInternationalekonomia", InternationalekonomicsTranslationCollection, RenminuniversityOfchinaPress, 2000

"KrugmannewtheoryofinternationalTrade", ChinasocialSciencePress, 2001

p>

"MarkettructureEndforeignTradePolicy-increasingReturns, epätäydellinen kilpailuja,.(Virtaava vesi)

Akateemiset

TheasianfinancialTurmoilHascausedtheworldtofacethecrisofafull-scaleekonomicrecession, butfortheconomistPaulkrugman, thisDisasterissothathisacademicRepatutionReacheditspeak.Vuonna 1994, Krugman, Aprofessorofeconomicsatthemassachusettsinstituteoftnology, Wasastoning.Heppulisedaspecialarticleinthebimonthlymagazine "ulkomaiset affairit", kritisoimalla.Innovaatio, ns. "Aasian ihme" on "builtonfloatingsandsand, aikaisemmin."

IntShedaywhentheasianekonomyisfullOfProsperity, ProfessorkRugman'sjudgmentsArelikeDisCordentsoundsinamovement, Shardandpiercing, CausinganuRiNTheWorld.Kolmituskehystelijä.ProfessorrugmanhaswontherespectOftheworldforhisprofeticForesight.Nyt Whenthe45-vuotiaatekonomistitWitHarePatanhighastheskyspeaks, ItseemsTheWorldinthe "Windandrain".AsanewgenerationofTaltedliberalekonomia, professorrugmanisgoodatexpressingcomplitedandboringeconomicissuestothepubliensimple, wittyandwittywords.

HecangrapTheSessence OftheProblemfromdifferentangles, transcendthemythSoftTheoryory, andenableStudentStodeePlyAntHeactucalEconomicOncroblemsAndFutRedEVelmentTrends."Heisalwaystwostepsaheadofofotes", "Fortunestar" -lehden quesisfullofadmirationforhiscreativity.

Vapaakauppa

ThetradePatternandTheLocationOfeconomicActivitysIninternationalTradeanDeconomicgeography.WhatKindofeffectswillfreeTradeandglobalisaatio?.HethereForealSointEratedThePrevingly CompleyDifferentresearchFieldSininternationalTradeandekonomicgeografia.Krugman'sresearchMethodisbasedonThepremisetHatalarGenumberofGoodSandServicesCanbeProdecedcontinuusnandinacheaperwayforalongtime.Tämä käsityssuunnitelma,.ATTHESAMETIME, KULUTTAMINEN JÄLKEEN.IntHiprocessOfMassProductionInTheWorldmarket, FierCecompetiitionHasformEdamongsimilarproducts -tuotetut syytteet.

PerinteinenTradetheoryBelievesthatDueToDifferencesInvariousCountries, SomeCountriesExportGriculturalproducts, kun taas exportustrialproducts.SittenRewtheoryClarifieswHyglobalTradeisinfactdomindbyCountriestHatnotOnlyhavesimilarconditions, butalsotradesuchproducts.Forexample, SwedenisacountryThatexportsalofCarsandIMportsalofCarsatTheSametime.Tämä onStraDehasledToTheMerNerNenceofalarGenumberofspecializedandlarge-scaleproducts, LeadingToLowPrices jaDiversifications ofcommodits.

TalonomiatScaleandhereductionInransportationCostsalsohelPusexplainwhymoreandmorepeoplearoundTheworldLivecity- jawhysimilarekonomicActivititySareconCentredTinthesamePlace.Low TransportationCostScanTriggerself-vahvistuksenprosessia.Tämä tulos puolestaan stimuloi edelleen muuttoa kaupunkeihin.Krugman'steoryShowSTheresultsOftheSeprocessescanwellhelptheglobalregionTobedividedIntoHigh-techurbanizationCareareasand-kehitetty.1990 -luvulla Krugmansuccessly -arvonlisä "1997AsianFinancialCrisis."

ATTHATTIME, HeproposedThattheso-kutsuttu "AsianMiracle" oli "Builtonfloatingsands and issoonerorlaterdisillusioned."Erityisesti aikana, ASTHOBOOMINGPERIOD -dOFRAPID -dD -dEVELPOINT, AasiaHasalReadyLurkedadeEpeconomiccrisisandWilleneralarge-ScaleadJustmentwithinacetertPerioD -dOftime.TheSuccessfulverficationFthePredictionIn1997StablatedKrugman'sStatusthe "MasterOftHenewgenerationOfeConomics".Atthesametime, Krugman'sekonomicgeographyresearchhasmadesigntProgress.Monipeopelinekonomiset shavealReadyssertedthatKrugmanwillwinthenobelprizeinekonomics.

Talouskriisi

Krugmanwinsthenobelprize.EconomiccriispredictionsHaveBeenrepeatedlyfulted.Watisquiteramatisthatkrugman'sawardcomesfromhisanalysofinternationalTradePatternsandekonomicaktiviteetti.HEGRONIONALACHIEVENTS, And thewell-tunnetuksivertainen.Inhiscolumnsandspeeches, Krugmancriticizedthepoliticalandekonomicpolicies of theBushAdMinistrationMorethance.Inkrugman'sview, theoverlylooseandloosefiscalandfinancialpoliciesimplementbyTheBushAdministrationinThePastFewyArtCeleratedtheburstingOfthisroundOncinancialbubles.

Risitiointi

"Tämä aloitus."KrugmansaidexcitedlyTheFirstTimeHelearnedTheWonThePrize.Vaikka OutideworldhaslongbeenoptimisticaboutbeingapopularCandidatefortHenobelprize, butthegoddessofluckhasnotbeenetocometokrugmanforalongtime."(AppearningTheNews) iimmedialytookashower japreparedTaTtendTheSub seuraavanPronference.Sittenwastoobusycallingmywife, vanhemmat ja friendstoannouncethegoodnews, sobusythatidid ei eiköidenhavenacupofcoffee."AtThesub WheePressConferenceOverthephone, KrugmancouldHardlyConcealhisjoyandExitement.Kuitenkin tämä ei kuitenkaan.Inkrugman'sview, "cealewitnessingacrisisasseriousastheasianfinancialTurmoilofthe190s.ThiscrisisiscomparabletotheGreatD -d -depressioninsomerespects."Krugman oli tuntematon teollisuus.HeisalsocomedForhissuccessfulredictionsOfSomemajorfinancialDisasters.

In1994,underthebackgroundthattheAsianeconomywaswidelyoptimistic,Krugmanwroteanarticlein"D -d -diplomacy"criticizingtheAsianmodel,thinkingthatitwouldonlyrelyonlargeinvestmentwithouttechnologicalinnovationandefficiencyimprovement.Bydoingo, itiseasytoformaBubbleekonomia.D -d -duringtheperiodofrapiddevelopmentandprosperity,thereisalreadyadeepcrisislurking,andsoonerorlaterlarge-scaleadjustmentswillbemade.

Vuonna 1996, KrugMandirectly -ArmidotedtheInTaToutbreakOftheasianfinancialcrisisinhisbook "Popularinternationalismi".

Vuonna 1997 kriisi puhkesi.IN2000, KrugmanPointEDOUTINTHearticle "EnergyCrisisReappearance" ".

Vuonna 2001, "newyorortimes", KrugmanonceagainReiteratedHisViews.SureNough, vuoden 2001 jälkeen, InternationaloilPricesRosesHarply.

INAUGUST2006, KRUGMANWROTHATDUETOTHESKYROCKINGPRICESOHTUSKAKSUMAKSIMENETTELYT.Lisäksi sinineTePropertyMarketHaseNenthemainengineofusekonomicGrowthinThePastHreeSears.Atpresent, TheShousingPricesHaveshownatrenDofoverAllDownwardAdJustment.

Praisetherescue

KrugmansespecialsPraitedtheBoldrescuemeasurestAnbyThefinancialleadersOftheworldwhogatheredinwashingtonLastweekenders.Verrattuna, HeseemedTobemoreshockedLastfriday.Attheg-7financeministersandCentralbankgovernorsmeetingonthe10th, allCountriesunanInimousAdoptedanActionPlanimeDatstabilisingtHeglobalfinancialSitionation, ResoringMarket Confernce andsucportingConomicGrowth.G7StatedThatTheCurrentsitionationRequires "kiiresiandekstraord" -toimet.ThemEMBerstatesOfTEGROUPWillCONTINUEWORKORTOGETERTOCTABILIZEFINANCIALMARKETSAndRESTORECREDITTIFLOWS.Myöhemmin, thegroupWillTakecisiveactionStouse "AllAVAlableManens" TosupportthosefinancialInstitutionsMatHArtHortanTotesecurityfinancialSystemandPreventHemfromfailing.ThegroupWillalalsotakealnesteyMeasurestOunfreezethecredIndMoneyMarketAnSurethatBanksandottotherfinancialInstitutionsHaveExtensiveaccessToliquididesandCapital.

ThespecialmeetingoffinananceministersandCentralbankGovernorsOfTEGOUPOFOCOUNTRIESALSOCONVEYSIMILARMESSES.Heeettingempasisoituvat,."TheconcreteactionsOfVariousCountriesInThefollowtTwodaysalsodemstratedTheDetManationTouresCuethemarket.Thefederalreserveandhefourmajorcentralbanksannuncedonthe13thTheywillprovideunprotedined "suojaamattoman" pääkaupunkijulkaisu.The15CountriesintheeurozonealSoadopteDifieffinancialrescueplanLastweekend.MajorConomiessuchastheUnitedKingdom, Saksa, Ranska ja ItalyhavesuctevelyLaunchedFinancialRescueProgramstotaling -satoja milbillioniofeuros.