Määritelmä
Themodeofoperationisthemanifestationoftherelationshipbetweentheownerandtheoperator.Forexample,Chineseenterprisesunderownershipbythewholepeopleweredirectlyoperatedbythestatebeforethesystemreform,andtheownershipandmanagementrightswereunified,sotheywerecalledstate-ownedenterprises;afterthesystemreform,theywereoperatedindependentlybytheenterprises,andtheownershipandmanagementrightswereseparated,sotheywerecalledstate-ownedenterprises.enterprise.
Themodeofoperationisthespecificformofeconomicunitoperation.Suchaslong-termoperationorseasonaloperation,fixedoperationormobileoperation,etc.
Luokittelu
Strictlyspeaking,thereisnosuchthingasacompany.Thereareonlyindividualsoperatingalone,partnerships,limitedliabilitycompanies,andLLC(arelativelynewTheformiscalled"stocklimitedliabilitycompany.")
Itsenäinen liiketoimintamenetelmä
Somepeoplefeelthattheirnameisusedinbusinessalthoughtheycan’tgiveareason.It'snotappropriate,sotheyuseacompany'snametoprintbusinesscardsandbrochures.Thereisnothingwrongwiththismethod,andmanycompaniesusethismethod.Butyoumustgotothelocalgovernmentdepartmenttoregisterthename,becausesincethen,younolongerdobusinessinyourpersonalcapacity.Youaretodobusinessasacompany.Thisformisquitecommon,especiallyinsomeverysmallbusinesses.Undertheindividualindependentbusinessmode,youcanhireemployees,butyoumustobeythegovernment'smanagementregulations;youcantakeloans,butasan"individual",youmustpaytaxes.Onceagain:inthewayofindividualindependentbusiness,everyonemustpaypersonalincometax.
Personalindependentmanagementisforthosewhoarewillingtomakeothersfeelmorelikeacompany.Itisideal.Butwithsomeemployees,thesituationbecomescomplicated.
Kumppanuus
Ifacompanyisownedbytwoormoregroups,thenthecompanymaybeorganizedinapartnership.
Therearetwotypesofpartnershipmanagementmethods:oneisamorecommongeneralizedpartnershipmanagementmethodinwhichpartnersmustactivelyparticipate-theyjointlyownthecompanyandoperateittogether.Theotherisanarrowpartnership.Thereisapartnerinabroadsense,whoisresponsibleforthecompany’sdailymanagementandisalsoresponsibleforthecompany’sfinancialwork.Therearealsooneormorenarrowpartnerswhodonotparticipate.Thecompany'sdailyoperations,andtheirobligationsarelimitedtoinvestingacertainamountofmoney.
Partnersdonothavetobeindividuals,theycanalsobesocialgroupsorsomeotherlegaleconomicentities(orevenotherpartnershipcompanies).
Jointadventureisaformofpartnershipmanagement.Thisapproachoftenarisesfromcertaincommercialadventures,suchasthedevelopmentofCD-ROM.Itmaybemoreusefulforeveryonetodoittogether.
Kumppanuusshaveadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thegoodpartisthatthereismorethanoneshrewdandstrongpersonincharge;thedownsideisthatmorethanonepersoninchargeisshrewdandstrong.Eachpartnerhastherighttoasktheothertodosomething,sometimesfortheoperationofthecompany,andsometimesforthefinances.Partnerspaypersonalincometaxbasedonthecompany'sprofits,insteadofpayingfederaltaxesbasedontheirprofits.
Thereissuchalawthatmediacompaniesgenerallydonotorganizeinapartnershipmanner.Thereasonisthattherelatedresponsibilitiesaredifferent.Becausealotofmoneyisinvolved,andintheory,anyonepartnercanusethemoneyatwill,sothatsometimestheinterestsofotherpartnerswillsuffer.Joint-stockcompaniescanprovidemoresecurity-butinthatway,therewillbemorewrittendocuments,andusually,moretaxeshavetobepaideachyear.
Rajavastuuyhtiö
Therearethreetypesoflimitedliabilitycompanies.ThetwowithlongerhistoryandrelativelysimilaronesareClimitedliabilitycompanyandSlimitedliabilitycompany.Narrative,andarelativelyyoungtypeoflimitedliabilitycompany,
Thelimitedliabilitycompanyisalegalentity,whichexistsindependentlyofitsowner,andthepersonwhoownspartofthecompany’sassetsorsharesiscalledequityholdingInsomecases,theseequityholderselectaboardofdirectors.Inthisway,theyareresponsiblefortheselectionofvariousofficialsinthelimitedliabilitycompanyandforapprovingmajoroperationalactivitiesofthecompany(forexample,approvingahugeexpenseoraconsiderableamountofmoney).Loan),butalsoresponsibleforformulatingthecompany’soverallpolicy.Allthissoundsliketoomuchforasmallcompany,butforamediacompany,alimitedliabilitycompanyisoftentherightchoice.
Becausealimitedliabilitycompanyisanindependentlegalentity,atleasttoacertainextent,thepeoplewhoownthiscompanyshouldbeprotectedtoacertainextentfrombeinginterferedbythelegalactionsofthirdparties.Mediacompanieshavealwaysbeendisgustedwithdefamation,defamationincidents,copyrightinfringementincidentsandsomesimilarincidents,soitisrecommendedthattheysetupalimitedliabilitycompany(sothattheycanatleastprovidesomeprotectiontothepeoplewhoopenthiscompany),alimitedliabilitycompanyItalsoallowsemployeesandotherstoownsharesinthecompanyorparticipateinastockdividendplan.Intheformofalimitedliabilitycompany,therecanbemanyadvantages.Forexample,intermsofretirementpensionsandlifebenefits,aswellascompanypropertyownership,anexperiencedaccountantcanlisttheseadvantagesindetail.
Sijoitus
RelevantJapaneseauthoritieshavesummarized8“winningmodels”ofbusinessoperationsthroughdetailedanalysisoftheoperatingconditionsof40outstandingcompanies.Theeighttypesofmanagementare:
Joustava hallinta
ThistypeofmanagementreferstochangesintheexternalenvironmentandUncertaintyhastheabilitytoadapttothesituation.Itscharacteristicisthatbecauseitdoesnotclingtopastsuccessfulexperience,itcanquicklyturn,andtheenterpriseismore"open"and"sensual",anditcanquicklyseethechangesintheenvironment.Theindicatorsforevaluatingthepotentialcapabilitiesofleadersintermsofflexibilityare:"thedegreeofcadre'syouthfulness,‘theaverageageofcadres’"and"thetenureofcadres."
Ydinliiketoiminta
ThismodeofoperationensuresthatbycontinuouslyworkingtomaintainandstrengthenthecompetitiveadvantageofthebackbonebusinessThecompanyhasasolidmarketposition."Winning"companiesarecharacterizedbythefactthattheynotonlyhaveanabsolutelystableworld-widemarket,areverysensitivetochangesinthebusinessenvironmentandthecompetitiveenvironment,butarealsoabletoactdecisivelyonsubtleandsometimesdrasticinnovationsinbusinessmodels.
Speedoperation
Thistypeofoperationrefersto"quickjudgementanddecision-makingspeed"or"businessTheprogramisverycompetitiveintermsof'time',"thesehavebecomefactorsthathaveanadvantageinthecompetition.Itischaracterizedbythefactthat,inordertorealizethiskindofspeedmanagement,the"superior"companiesareconstantlystrivingtoreformtheirbusinessprocedures,using"speedmanagement"asthemanagementmethod,know-how,system,andcriteriaforjudgingthestrengthsofleaders."SpeedManagement"focusesmainlyonimprovingthespeedofbusinessprocedures,ratherthanimprovinginfrastructuresuchasinformationsystems.
Kilpailukykyisen toiminnan ylläpitäminen taantuman aikana
ThistypeofoperationreferstotheabilitytogivefullplaytothepoweroftheenterpriseintimesofrecessionFromtheearlystageofeconomicrecovery,ithasopenedagapwithothercompaniesinthesameindustrywithabsolutecompetitiveadvantage."Winning"companiesarenotonlylookingateconomic"depression"fromtheperspectiveofeconomiccycles,butalsodecisivelychangingtheirbusinessmodelsonthebasisoffinding"structuralchangefactors."Eveninthedownturn,the"winning"companieswillnotblindly"shakeaway",butwillcontinuetoactively"invest"toprepareforthecomingofthenexteconomicgrowthperiod.
Leanmanagement
Thisisabusinessmethodthatenablestalentstoemergeinlargenumbers,andithasCorporatestructure,systemandculture.Ithasthefollowingcharacteristics:thebusinessphilosophyof"enterpriseashuman"haspenetratedintoalldepartmentsofthecompany;withoutexception,itimplementsthe"capacityandpoweristpersonnelsystem";ithastheabilitytodiscoverandtrain"leadershiptalents"fromtheorganizationalstructure."Characteristicsandsoon.
Kiinnitä yrityksen arvonhallinnan merkitys
Thismodeofoperationisbasedontheprincipleofjointmanagementandpursuesthegreatest"shareholdervalue".MostofthewinningcompaniesselectedthistimehavealwaysadoptedtheUSSECstandardsastheiraccountingstandardsandimplementedaninformationdisclosuresystem.Thereformoftheboardofdirectorshasalsopublishedmoreprecedentsandadoptedbusinessindicatorsthatpursue"corporatevalue".
Coreadvantagemanagement
Thismodeofoperationtakesthecompany’smaincompetitiveadvantageasitspillar."Winning"companiesarecharacterizedbythefactthattheytaketheexpansionandstrengtheningoftheirmaincompetitiveadvantagesastheirtoppriority,andmobilizethepoweroftheentirecompanytostrengthenthisadvantage.
Teknologiaan perustuva liiketoiminta
Thisbusinessmethodreferstotheuseoftechnologicalcapabilitiesandresearchanddevelopmentcapabilitiesasthecoreofacompany’scompetitiveadvantage.Like"technology-basednation","superior"companiesestablish"technology-basedcompany"asthecompany'sphilosophy,andestablishthepolicyofresearchanddevelopment,investment,andtrainingofresearchersandtechniciansasthecompany'sconsistentpolicy,ratherthanatemporaryexpediencyPlan.Inaddition,ithasalong-termtoptechnicalpersonincharge.
Uudistaa
Marketcompetitionhasputthereformofbusinessenterprisemanagementmethodsontheagendaofbusinessreform.Toeffectivelyorganizeandguidethehealthydevelopmentofbusinessoperationreforms,thefollowingissuesneedtoberesolved:
Firstofall,intermsoftheoreticalpropaganda,itisnecessarynotonlytoextensivelyintroducethereformsofbusinessoperationsindevelopedcountries,butalsotoanalyzeThehistoricalbackgroundandsocio-economicconditionsofvariousbusinessmethods,aswellastheirstrengthsandweaknesses:trytoavoidthetendencytotreatacertainbusinessmethodasperfectandtoapplyandcopyeverywhereregardlessoftime,location,andindustry.
Secondly,intheprocessofguiding,organizing,andpromotingthereformofbusinessoperationsofcommercialenterprises,theautonomyofenterprisestochoosebusinessmethodsshouldbefullyrespected,andadministrativemeansshouldnotbeusedtoforcethepromotionofacertainbusinessmethod.Thepracticeofreformshowsthattheformalismineconomicreformistheproductofthecompulsorypromotionofadministrativeordersandthewillofthechiefexecutive.Theconsequenceswillnotonlyhurtthepeopleandmoney,disruptthereformprocess,butalsodampentheenthusiasmofgrassrootsenterprisesandemployeestoreform,innovate,andexpandproductionandoperation.Themaintaskofguidingthereformofthebusinessmodeofcommercialenterprisesshouldbe:toindicatethenecessityandurgencyofchangingthemodeofoperation;thedrivingforceofthereformistheenthusiasmandcreativityofbusinessleadersandemployees;thesuccessorfailureofthereformdependsontheoperationofthebusinessinmarketcompetitionPerformanceistestedbypractice.Itisalsonecessarytocontinuouslycollectinformation,makejudgmentsonvariousbusinessoperationsandtheiractualstructuresintheregion,city,andeventhewholecountrybasedonthechangingtrendsandspecificrequirementsofpeople'sconsumption,andpointoutwhichoperationshavebeensaturatedandwhichoperationsarestillavailable.Theroomfordevelopmentandwhichoperatingmethodswillbereplacedbynewoperatingmethodswillserveasanimportantreferenceforenterpriseswhenreformingtheiroperatingmethods,anddrawupdevelopmentplansforvariousbusinessoperatingmethodsandtheirstructuresinthiscityandregion.
Again,advancingthereformoftheeconomicsystem(includingcommercialenterprises)andestablishingasocialistmarketeconomicsystemarethevitalundertakingsofhundredsofmillionsofworkers.Onlybyfullycarryingforwardtheirpioneeringspirit,entrepreneurshipandenthusiasmfordevelopmentcantheyCreatenewbusinessmethodsinaccordancewithlocalconditions,orinotherwords,onlytheywillmaketherightchoiceforthebusinessmethodoftheenterprise.Therefore,thereformofbusinessmanagementmethodsshouldbebasedontheinnovationofgrassrootsemployeestosummarizethosesuccessfulexperiencesthatareinlinewiththeactualconditionsofourcountry,andfindoutthebasicfactorsforitssuccess,suchasconformingtoinheritingandcarryingforwardtheexcellentculturaltraditionsoftheChinesenation.Adapttoacertaintypeofconsumptionmodeoracertainclassoracertainaspectofconsumptionneeds,inlinewiththeeconomiclawsandnaturallawsoftheindustrythatrestricttheoperationofenterprises,etc.,soastoprovidereferenceformillionsofcommercialgrassrootsenterprisestochoosetheiroperatingmethods.
TheconsumerdemandoftheChinesepeoplehasundergonetremendouschanges,anditurgentlycallsforcorrespondingchangesinthebusinessmethodsofcommercialenterprises.Adeepunderstandingoftheimportantsignificanceandroleofthereformofbusinessoperationmethodsandcorrectguidanceofthehistoricalprocessofthisreformisanimportanttaskgiventousbythetimesthatisdirectlyrelatedtopeople'seconomiclife.
Liiketoiminta
1.Self-producedandsold.Referstothesaleofproductsproducedbytheenterprisebyaprivateenterprise.Enterpriseswiththistypeofoperationaregenerallysmallinscale,andmostofthemarehandicraftsmen,suchasshoeshopsandclothingstores.Mostofthemareinfrontoftheshopandbehindthefactory,producingandsellingatthesametime.
Shoppingagencysales.Referstoacommercialactivityintheformofacontractthatisentrustedtopurchaseandsellonbehalfofothers.Thistypeofoperationisflexibleandhasarelativelywiderangeofoperations.Itismostlyagriculturalandsidelineproducts,andrequiresacertainbusinesssite,fromwhichtheoperatorchargesacertainfee.Theoperatorsofpurchasingagentsmusthavecredibility.Processingwithsuppliedmaterials,processingwithsamplesandassemblingwithsuppliedparts.Incomingprocessingistochangetheshape,nature,surfaceconditionanduseofrawmaterialsandsemi-finishedproducts,andprocessthemintoproductsaccordingtorequirements;sampleprocessingistoprocessaccordingtotheneedsoftheorder,accordingtothedesignrequirementsofdrawingsandorders,andsupplytotheorderingpartyaftertheproductisformed.;Incomingpartsassemblyistocombinethepartsprovidedbytheotherpartyintoproductsaccordingtotherequirementsofthecontract.Regardlessofthetypeofbusinessoperationforprocessingwithsuppliedmaterials,processingwithsamplesandassemblingwithsuppliedparts,theenterprisemustsignacontractwiththeotherpartytoclarifytherightsandobligationsofbothparties.
Wholesale.Commoditiessoldinbatchesandlargetractsincommercialactivitiesaresoldatapricenolowerthanretailcommodities.Thesalestargetsarecommodityoperatorsandretailers,andtheyarenotdirectlysoldtofinalconsumers.Wholesalecommoditiesneedcertainstorageequipment,storageandtransportationconditionsandmorefunds.
Retail.Itreferstothepurchaseofgoodsinbatchesandlargetractsofland,andthescatteredsaleofgoods,mostlytoendconsumers.
Repairindustry.Restoredamagedutensils,facilities,andarticlestotheiroriginalconditionorachievetheiroriginalfunctionalpurpose.
Transportationindustry.Itisdividedintopassengertransportationandfreighttransportation.Becauseofthedifferentmeansoftransportation,itisdividedintonon-motorizedvehicletransportationormotorizedvehicletransportation,shiptransportation,railway,roadtransportationandwatertransportation.Privatecompaniesdonotoperaterailwaytransportation.
Consultingservices.Consultingservicesarearisingindustry.Privatecompaniesusetheirscientificandtechnologicalknowledgeinacertainfieldtoprovidecustomerswithservices,experience,materialdata,design,etc.,sothatcustomerscanobtainknowledgeandbenefitsinreceivingconsultations.