Hahmon esittely
JohnRogersSearle (syntynyt 31.7.1932Denverissä,USA),filosofian professori.
Hemainlystudiesthe"purposiveness"oflanguage.Hedisagreeswiththeterm"strongartificialintelligence",andbelievesthatperceptionappearsintheentirephysicalcharacteristicsofacreature.Humanconsciousnesshasapurpose,whilecomputershavenopurpose,socomputershavenoconsciousness.
Hediscoveredthecharacteristicsofapurposephenomenonandcalledit"suitabledirection".Forexample,whensomeoneseesaflower,hisstateofconsciousnessissuitableforthestateoftheoutsideworld.Theappropriatedirectionforthisprocessisfromconsciousnesstotheworld.Butifhereachesouttopickthisflower,thenhewilladaptthestateoftheexternalworldtohisstateofconsciousness.Therefore,theappropriatedirectionatthistimeisfromtheworldtoconsciousness.Healsoproposedatechnicalconceptcalled"background".Thisconcepthascausedsomephilosophicaldiscussions.Inshort,the"background"isthesurroundingenvironmentofapurposefulaction,whichincludestheactor'sknowledgeoftheworldandothers'understandingandknowledgeofhispurpose.
Viisi pistettä
Hetheoreticallyprovedthecollectivepurposeofasocialenvironment.Putforwardfivearguments:
1.Collectivepurposeactivitiesexist,andtheyarenotthesameasthesumofnon-personalpurposeactivities.
2.Collectivepurposescannotbereducedtopersonalpurposes.
3.Kahdessa yllä olevassa väitteessä on rajoituksia:
A.Asocietyisonlycomposedofindividuals,andasocietyhasnoindependentgroupawarenessorgroupawareness;
>
B.Thepurposeofanindividualorgrouphasnothingtodowiththeauthenticityofpersonalbeliefs.
Inordertosatisfythesearguments,heinventedawayofdescribingcollectivepurposetoconnectcollectivepurposeandindividualpurpose,whileatthesametimedistinguishingthetwo.Theresultisthatindividualpurposecanconstitutecollectivepurpose.Toconstituteacollectivepurpose,onemustknowthatotherscanparticipateinhispurpose.Therefore:
4.Thepremiseofcollectivepurposeistounderstandthebackgroundofothersasmembersofsociety:otherscanparticipateinthecollectivesports.
Yhdistämällä nämä argumentit yhteen saamme:
5.Thetheoryofpurposeandtheabovebackgroundcanexplainthepurposeofcollective.
Heapplieshisanalysisofpurposetothestructureofsociety.Hisinterestliesinhowcertainaspectsofourworldbecomethecommonpurposeofusingtheseaspects.Forexample,afive-yuanbanknoteonlybecomesafive-yuanbanknotebasedonitscollectivepurpose[lackofthiscollectivepurpose,forexample,inanothercountry(region),thisbanknoteisjustapieceofpaperwithpatterns].Onlybecauseeveryoneinthesocietythinksitisworthfiveyuancanitfulfillitstraderole.Thishasnothingtodowithwhetherthegovernmentsupportsitsvalue(ifeveryonedoesnottrustitsvalue,thenevenifthegovernmentforcesit,itwillstillnotgetitsvalue,whichiswhythereisablackmarketprice).Thiskindofsocialstructurefillsourlives.Thelanguageweuse,ourownershipofourprivateproperty,andourrelationshipswithotherpeopleareallbasedonthispurpose.
Hisresearchresultsonsocialstructureareverydifferentfromotherargumentsthatdonotagreewithsuchfactsthathavenothingtodowithconsciousness.Hebelievesthatwhatwecalltruthisasocialstructure.
Seksuaalinen väkivalta
OnMarch21,2017,JoannaOng,a24-year-oldChinesefemaleassistant,accusedHillerofsexualharassmentandbroughtHillerandtheUniversityofCaliforniaboardofdirectorstocourt.Askforcompensationforsexualharassmentandsexualassault.
OngbecameHiller’sassistantinJuly2016.Afteraweekofwork,everythingchangedforHiller.Hebegantoflirtwiththefemaleassistantandevenmovehisfeet.HillerrepeatedlyassuredOngthathewouldbeabletomeetallherneedsinlife,aslongasshemaintaineda"fulltrust"relationship.
Amerikkalaisesta imperialismista on keskusteltu Hillerin kanssa, mutta Hiller sanoi: Amerikkalainen imperialismi?Kuulostaa hienolta, mennään nukkumaan ja harjoittelemaan nyt (amerikkalainen imperialismi? Voi, se kuulostaa hienolta, kulta! Mennään nukkumaan ja tehdä se nyt!).
Ong’sprosecutionhasplungedtheinternationalphilosophicalcommunityintoasexscandal.
AccordingtoareportbytheAmericanmediaBuzzFeedonMarch24,Hillerhasstoppedhisundergraduatephilosophycoursethismonth,butretainshishonorarytitle.