hostelli

Sanakäsitteet

Perustiedot

Otsikko: Hotelli

Pinyin:lǚguǎn

Foneettinen: ㄌㄩˇㄍㄨㄢˇ

englanti:Hotel

Lainauksen selitys

Hotel,alsoreferredtoas"hotel".Inancienttimes,itreferstoahousewheretravelerscanstay.Modernandmodernrefersspecificallytocommercialaccommodationfortourists.

• Etelä-Dynastiat ja SongXieLingyunin "YouNantingPavilion" -runo: "Pitkä toimintahäiriö, hotellilta on näkymä lähiöihin."

• TangIntheQing-dynastia, TangYanqianin runo "Punaiset lehdet": "Yöntuuli tuottaa hotellin ja kylmän munkin huoneen."

• Qing-dynastiassa SunZhiwei"NewYear'sEveatHanguan"runo:"YeheichengGate"Suljettu,hotellin valot palavat."

• CaoYun "Auringonnousun" ensimmäinen kohtaus: "Se on WangFushengin tuleva hotellinteehuone."

• BaJinin "CapriceRecord·Talk": "Kun menemme rantaan, hotellin aihekuppivieraan käyttämät vaunut pysähtyivät SiMaRoadin hotelliin."

Perusmerkitys

Yleiskatsaus

Sincethe19thcentury,thefacilitiesofhotelsinsomecountrieshavebeenquitecomplete.AftertheSecondWorldWar,duetotheincreasinglydevelopedtransportation,morefrequentinternationalexchanges,andtherapiddevelopmentoftourism,moreandmorehotelswerebuiltallovertheworld.Somelarge-scalehotelnetworksownedbymultinationalgroupshavespreadallovertheworld’smajorcitiesandtouristattractions.

Hotelsarecharacterizedby"safety,economy,andhealth".Hotelsarepricedbasedonbeds,andgenerallyonebedischargedlocally.Thepriceofbuyingafastfoodisaboutone-tenthofthepriceofathree-starhotel.Theindoorequipmentissimple,withhighandlowbeds,hardmattressesandbedding,personallockerswithlocks,anduseofcollectivebathroomsandtoilets.Thehardwarerequirementsaresturdy,beautiful,practical,convenient,clean,andself-service-oriented,equippedwithwashingmachines,cafeterias,etc .,sekä virkistyshuoneita,julkisia toimintatiloja jne.,ja erilaisia ​​kulttuuri- ja urheiluaktiviteetteja voidaan järjestää omien ominaisuuksiensa mukaan.

Anotherfeatureofhotelsistheirwidedistributionandlargenumbers.

Historiallinen kehitys

Hotellilla on pitkä historia Kiinassa.

Accordingtohistoricalrecords,asearlyasintheShangDynasty,therewasa"poststation",whichwasaplacewhereofficialspasseddocumentsandlivedforguests.AtthebeginningoftheWesternZhouDynasty,inordertofacilitatetheprincestopaytributeandpilgrimage,theguesthouseswereextensivelybuiltontheroadtothecapital.Theofficialalso".Guestsreceivedifferentreceptionsaccordingtotheirtitles.Thisisactuallyakindof"officiallyrun"hotel.

DuringtheSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesPeriod,duetotheprosperityofcommerceandthedevelopmentoftransportation,"civil"hotelsgraduallyroseup.Thesehotelswereoriginallycalled"inns"or"inns",regardlessofboardandlodging,mainlyforbusinessmen.

Länsi-Han-dynastiassa hotellien soveltamisalaa laajennettiin.Chang'an, Länsi-Han-dynastian pääkaupunki, oli täynnä halleja ja taloja. Siellä oli epäjulkisesti "maakuntaasuntoja" entisiä kauppiaita eri puolilta maailmaa ja "barbaariresidenssikuntia" varten.

Accordingtothe"BookofOldTang·TheBookofEmperorTaizong":AfterEmperorTaizongascendedthethrone,thesystemofpilgrimageforlandlordofficialswasrestored.Inordertofacilitatetheaccommodationofofficials,heorderedtheconstructionof"morethan300residences".Atthattime,landandwaterpostroadscrisscrossed,andtherewasapostevery30miles.Thereare1,639poststationsacrossthecountry,withthecapitalChang’anasthecenterpostroad,extendinginalldirections.

Later,another"ToweringKhanRoad"wasbuiltinethnicminorityareas,and68poststationswereaddedalongthewaytoprovidemealsandlodgingforthemessengers.Ienviedtheappearanceofaspecialcertificateforpostsmadeofsilvermedals.Atthattime,accordingtothenationalityorethnicityoftheguests,nationalhotelsweresetup,andtheDiankeOfficeunderHonghuTemplewasresponsibleforthereceptionanddelivery.

IntheYuanDynasty,hotelshavebecomeoneofthemostprosperousindustries,andevenroyalhotelshaveappeared.

DuringtheMingandQingDynasties,"post"wascalled"Huitongguan"inBeijing.IntheearlyyearsofGuangxu,Beijinghadatotalof367guildhalls.After1927,touristhotelsspecializinginreceivingforeigntouristsappearedinbigcitiessuchasShanghaiandBeijing.Atthesametime,alargenumberofpeoplewithwarmandthoughtfulservicealsoappeared.

In1909,aGermanteachernamedRichardSchmanledagroupofstudentsonahikingtrip.Inheavyrain,theycouldonlyusestrawasabedinaruralschool.Spentadifficultnight.Theteacherwhostayedupallnighthastheideaof​​establishingahoteltoprovideaccommodationforyoungpeople.

RichardSchermanadvocatesthatyoungpeoplegooutofschoolandgetclosetonature.Hesaid:"Allboysandgirlsshouldgooutofschool,takepartinhiking,stayinyouthhotels."Helobbiedaroundwiththisidea,andwasfinallyacceptedbythepeople.

In1912,theworld’sfirstyouthhostelwasborninanabandonedcastleinGermany.Theequipmentissimple,withloftbeds,hardmattressesandbeddings,personallockerswithlocks,smalltablesandchairs,publicbathroomsandtoilets,andsomealsohavecafeteriasandpublicactivityrooms.Ithasbeenwidelywelcomedbyyoungpeople.Onlyoneyearlater,therewere83youthhostelswithatotalof21,000beds.By1997,theInternationalYouthHostelFederationhad65membercountriesaroundtheworld,with4,500youthhotels,32.82millionbedsand3.5millioninternationalmembers.Today,youthhostelshavebecometheworld’slargestaccommodationchainorganization,andthereare10millionyoungtouristsintheworldusingyouthhostels.

In1961,theUNESCOapprovedthebluetriangleinternationalroadsigncomposedoffirtreesandhousesspecificallytodesignatethewaytotheyouthhotel.Theoriginalimportedyouthhotelmembershipcard(HIcard)isabitshabbycomparedtothespecificationsweimagined.It'sjustahardpaperthesizeofabusinesscard,anditdoesn'tevenhaveaplasticfilmlikeanordinarycertificate.AndthisreflectsIYHF'senvironmentalprotectionconcept,aslongasthethingsthatarechangedeveryyearareguaranteednottobedamagedeveryyear.

"Therealyouthhotelguestswalkorridebicycles,cooktheirownmeals,giveuplargeandcomfortablehotels,andchoosesmallandsimpleyouthhotels.Thisisaromanticidealisticviewoftourism.Atthistime,youabsolutelyneedtodoeverythingyourself."

Cookingyourself:Everyyouthhotelhasalargekitchen,variouspots,bowls,ladles,pots,knives,Useforksandspoonsfreely,andthefaucetprovidesbothcoldwaterandhotwater.Thekitchenissurroundedbyvariousstovesandseverallarge-capacityrefrigeratorsforbackpackers.Youcanputthebread,milk,steak,meatandvariousvegetables,drinks,condiments,etc.youboughtinthesupermarket.Inordertopreventthefoodfrombeingtakenbymistakeorthefoodbeingleftforalongtimeaftertheguestsleave,youthhotelsgenerallyrequiregueststoputtheirownfoodinplasticbags,andputanoteinit,indicatingtheirname,roomnumberandthedateofpurchaseofthefood.Andcleantherefrigeratoronceaweek.Anoperatingplatforminthemiddleofthekitchencanbeusedbymultiplepeopleatthesametime.Inaddition,inacertainplaceinthekitchen,therearealsovariouscondimentsprovidedbyyouthhostelsforguestsfreeofcharge.Evenflourisalsoprovidedfreeofcharge.Ifyouarelucky,sometimestherewillbeafreesupplyofvegetables.

Doyourownlaundry:Everyyouthhotelhasalaundryroom,andthewashingmachineanddryerinthelaundryroomcanbeusedcasually.Whenwashingclothes,justthrowinaone-yuancoin.

Ownsheets:Mostbackpackerstravelwiththeirsleepingbagsontheirbacks,orbringtheirownsheets.Ifnot,youcanrentbedsheetsandblanketsprovidedbythehotel.

Findyourownway:Therearebluesignsontheroadtoguideyoualltheway.Someyouthhotelsareunmanaged.Whenevertheycome,theypickupabedandgotosleep,andgotothenearbypostofficetopaythemoneybeforeleavingthenextday.

China’sfirstinternationalyouthhostelwasbuiltinOctober1998anditslocationisGuangzhou.Injusttwoyears,19internationalyouthhostelshavebeenestablishedacrossChina.Thisisstillrelativelysmallcomparedtothe4,500intheworld,butourdevelopmentisfast.Someexpertsbelievethatwiththefurtherformationofyouthhostelnetworking,Withtheadditionofnewtouristgroupssuchasfamilytravelandseniortravel,Chinawillbecomethecountrywiththemostyouthhotels.

Sävellys

Thehoteliscomposedofaresidentialpart,apublicactivitypart,amanagementpartandavoimaosa.Somelargehotelshaveseparatefoodandbeveragesections.

Siellä asuinosa

Includingguestrooms,toilets,bathroomsandservicefacilities,itisthemainbodyofthehotel.Thenumberofroomsandthenumberofbedsisthebasicunitofmeasurementinahotel.Thestandardoftheguestroomincludesthenetareaof​​eachroom,thenumberofbedsandthestandardofsanitaryequipment(bathroom,toilet).Thelowerstandardsaremulti-bedrooms(generallynotmorethan4beds)andsharedtoiletsandbathrooms;thehigherstandardsaremainly2beds,equippedwithadedicatedbathroomandtoilet;thehigherstandardsaresingle-bedroomswithalivingroombesidesthebedroom,Restaurantsandothersuites.

Julkisuusosa

Matkustajien julkinen toimintatila ja tilat, kuten eteinen, eteinen, lounge, vastaanottohuone, kauppa, kokoushuone, palvelupisteet, postit, pankit, matkatoimistot, kulttuuriviihde-ja urheilutilat, ravintolat, baarit, tanssisalit jne.

Hallinto-osa

Themanagementpartincludesbusiness,financialandadministrativeoffices,telephoneswitchboardsandvariouswelfareroomsforemployees,variouswarehouses,andlaundryrooms,Cargarage(dividedintohotelmanagementgarageandguestparkinggarage,thelatterisgenerallynotincludedinthehotelbuildingarea.

voimaosa

powerThepartincludespowerequipmentanditscontrolroom.

Tyyppi

Johdanto

Hoteltypescanbedividedintofamilyhotels,holidayhotels,conferencehotels,motelsandguesthousesEtc..

Perheluokka

Thefamilyhotelisbasedontheoriginalresidence.Inordertoimprovethescaleandgradeofthefamilyhotel,thefamilyhoteladoptsthemanagementof"company+farmer"Inthisway,thecompanywasregisteredandestablishedundertheleadershipofthecommunitylaborunion,andtheregulationsandstar-levelmanagementstandardsforfamilyhotelswereformulatedinaccordancewiththemodernenterprisesystem.Onthebasisofthestar-ratedfamilyhotels,thestandardsofcivilizedandhonestfamilyhotelswereformulated.Safety,priceandserviceareregulated,andunifiedmanagement,unifiedstandards,andunifiedidentificationareimplemented.Forexample,SanyaYejingzhuFamilyHotel,SanyaSummerStyleBoutiqueApartment,GulangyuTimeSeaInn,etc.,undertheImpressionSeaHotelManagementCompany,arein-houseIntermsofhardwareconstruction,itisrequiredtodoagoodjobininfrastructurefacilitiesandfinedecoration,toimproveenvironmentalsanitation,hardening,greeningandlighting,basicallytobeevergreeninallseasons,andthereareflowersinthreeseasons,creatingagoodtourismenvironment.

Familyhotelsmainlyservetouristsonholidaysorweekends,andmostofthemarebuiltinseasideandscenicareas.Thistypeofhotelhassimplerfacilities,fewerserviceitems,andstrongseasonality.

Meetingsh3>

Speciallyusedformeetings,therearelargeandsmallmeetingrooms,andsomearealsoequippedwithsimultaneousinterpretationandaudiovisualfacilitiesrequiredforinternationalmeetings.Conferencehotelsshouldhavefacilitiesthatmeettheneedsofmeetings,suchasexhibitions,Newsreports,audioandvideorecording,copyingandotherfacilities.

Autot

Mostofthemarebuiltnearthemainhighwaysfortheaccommodationofpassengersdrivingtheircars.Themainfacilitiesareguestroomsandrestaurants.Theguestroomsareequippedwithaplacetoparkcars.Mostofthelocationsareclosetotheguestrooms.Guestsintheroomscanseetheircars.Therestaurantsprovidemealsforresidentsandalsoserveguestswhodonotstay.Thistypeofhotelismorepopularincountrieswithdevelopedroadtraffic.Many.

Vierastalot

Generally,theyarenon-profit,notopentotheoutsideworld,andaremostlyusedbyacertainorganizationforreception.Thenationaltaxationislessthanthatofordinaryhotels,thechargesarelower,andthestandardsareaverage.

"Luova" luokka

¤Kirahvikartano

Onasunnymorning,whenyousleepy-eyedsittingatthetableWhileenjoyingdeliciouscroissantsandfreshorangejuice,agiraffe’snecksuddenlycametoyouthroughthewindow.Itwouldbeshockedtosharetheorangejuicewithyou,butthisisnotafairytale.It’safamilyinKenya."GiraffeHotel",thissceneItcanhappen.

AtthefootofMountKilimanjaroinKenya,thereisahotelcalled"GiraffeManor".Atotalof8Rothschildgiraffesliveonthe57hectaresofthemanor.Thesebigguysare5metersawayandweighuptotwotons.Thisgiraffeisarareanimalandwasonceonthebrinkofextinction.

The"GiraffeManor"wasfoundedtohousetheseendangeredgiraffes.Byallowingtouriststofeedthem,itcanalsomakemorepeopleawareoftheimportanceoflivinginharmonywithnatureandprotectingwildanimals.

Therearenotmanyroomsin"GiraffeManor",butitcanprovidetouristswithafullrangeoffood,lodgingandtransportationservices.Ofcourse,thepricehereiscomparabletoafive-starhotel.

¤VankilaHotelli

Thereisa"prisonhotel"inthecharmingcityofLucerneinSwitzerland.Thisisahotelconvertedfromaprison.Builtin1860,aftertwoexpansions,itwasconvertedintoahotelin1998andopenedforbusiness.

The"prisonhotel"hasmaintaineditsoriginallayoutinmanyplaces.Thedooroftheroomfollowsthestyleofaprisondoor:thethickwoodendoorhasasmallwoodenwindowforvisiting,butithasnowbeensealed.Iopenedthedoorandfoundtwosmalltallwindowsequippedwithironfences.Atnight,moonlightpenetratedthroughthesmallwindowsandsprinkledonthefloor.Itwasquietandcold,anditreallyfeltlikeanauthenticprison!

Tämän hotellin hinta on melko halpa, vain 50 Sveitsin frangia (325 yuania) voi olla "vankilassa" yhden yön. Kun menet Sveitsiin, saatat kokea, millaista on mennä vankilaan ulkomaiseen maahan.

¤CraneHotel

Thereisaunique"CraneHotel"intheworldneartheDutchtownofHarlingen,whichislocatedonthecoastoftheWaddenSea.Itwasconvertedfromaharbourcrane.Thehigh-altitudecabofthecraneistheonly"guestroom"ofthehotel.

Enteringthe"guestroom"isabittroublesome.Youneedtotakeanelevatorfromthegroundtothemid-airplatform,andthentransfertoanotherelevatortoreachtheroom.The"guestroom"hasadoublebed,twochairs,anopenkitchen,andabathroomwithashower.Thesound,lightingandsoundeffectsintheroomcanallbeoperatedthroughatouchscreen.

Thebiggesthighlightofthishotelisthatyoucanmanipulatethecontrollerbyhandtorotateacraneweighingdozensoftonsby360degrees.It’sapitythatthecrane’scabhaslimitedspace.Therefore,thishotelcanonlyaccommodatetwovisitorsatthesametime.Thepriceis319eurospernight,whichisreallyexpensive,butaccordingtovisitorswhohavestayed,the"CraneHotel"isdefinitelyworthatry..

Sijainti

Thelocationofthehotelmainlyconsiderstheenvironmentandtraffic.

Ympäristö

Hotelslocatedincitiesshouldbeabletofacilitatetravelerstounderstandtheessenceofthecity,thecharacteristicsoftheregion,andtheuseofthecity’spublicfacilities.Touristhotelslocatedinscenicspotsshouldbeconvenientfortouriststowatchandvisit,butshouldpayattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionandmakethescenicspotsbetter.Inordertoavoiddamagingthelandscapeofthescenicarea,thesiteismainlylocatedoutsidethescenery.

Kuljetus

Thelocationofthehotelshouldconsiderconvenienttransportation,anditshouldnotbetoofarawayfromthestation,terminalandairport.Thehotelisadistributioncenterforalargenumberofvehiclesandpeople,andtherearealargenumberofgoodsenteringandexiting,andalargenumberofvehiclesareparked.Thesesituationsshouldbeproperlyconsideredwhenselectingalocationtoavoidcongestioninthecity.Hotelsconsumealotofwater,electricity,fuel,foodanddailynecessities,sotheyshouldbepurchasedandsuppliedlocallyasmuchaspossible.

Suunnittelupisteet

Thehotelservespassengersandmustmakethemfeelcomfortable,convenientandsafe.Fromenteringthegate,goingthroughtheformalities,passingthroughtheaisles,elevatorstothelivingroom,aswellasrest,dining,etc.,thetransportationroutemustbesimpleandsmooth.Thedesignrequirescarefulconsiderationandcarefulconsiderationofallthedetailsthatareconvenientforpassengers.Forexample,makeiteasyfortravelerstofindinformationdesks,checkoutoffices,bars,restaurants,andelevators.Inordertocreateacomfortableandbeautifulindoorandoutdoorenvironment,theindoortemperatureandhumidity,ventilation,artificiallighting,naturallighting,furnitureandfurnishings,architecturaldecorationandcolormustbecoordinated.Therefore,thebasicprincipleofhoteldesignistosolvetheproblemsoftourists'activityneedsandtheconvenienceofprovidingservices.

Vierashuoneen suunnittelu

Theguestroomisthemainbodyofthehotel.Theprincipleofguestroomdesignistobequiet,comfortable,safe,completewithfacilities,andconducivetocleanlinessandhygiene.Thescaleandstyleofthefurnitureshouldbecoordinatedwiththesizeandshapeoftheguestroom.Thesizeoftheguestroomdependsonthehotellevelandfurnishingstandards.Accordingtothebedsetting,itisdividedintosingle-bedrooms,twin-bedrooms,suiterooms,superiorsuiterooms,etc.Themostcommonlyusedistwin-bedrooms.Mostmotelshavetwodouble-bedroomsineachunitforthewholefamilytotravelforthreeorfourpeople.Thesizeoftheguestroomisrelatedtothesizeofthebed.Thenetlivingareaof​​theguestroom(excludingthebathroomandpassage)isgenerallyabout20squaremeters,whichcanbeincreasedordecreasedaccordingtotheactualsituation.Thedesignofthebathroomshouldbeconsideredforeaseofcleaningandmaintenance.Thecorridorsofguestroomsshouldbeeasilyaccessibletostairsandelevators,andsafeevacuationdirectionsandexitsshouldbespecifiedinaccordancewithregulations.

Ravintolan suunnittelu

Inordertomeetthedifferenttastesoftravelersfromallovertheworld,largehotelshavesetupavarietyofrestaurants,mainlyinsmallandmedium-sizedrestaurants,payattentiontodiningenvironment.Therestaurantshouldnotbetoofarawayfromtheguestroom,anditisbestnottowalkthroughthefoyerwhengoingfromtheguestroomtotherestaurant.Thelocationofthekitchenshouldbecloselyconnectedtothediningroom,butitshouldbemoreconcealed.Thekitchendesignshouldbehygienic.Thediningroomshouldbeseparatedfromthediningroomtopreventsmellandnoisefrompenetratingintothediningroom.Theneedsofpassengerseatingintheguestroomshouldbeconsidered.ThesupplyrouteshouldnotbeShouldbeincontactwithguests.Beveragesareanimportantsourceofincomeforhoteloperations,anditismoreconvenientfortouriststosetupbarsinascatteredwaythaninacentralizedway.

Pesuhuoneen suunnittelu

Largehotelshavealargeamountoflaundry,andthelaundryroomsaregenerallysetupseparately.Theconvenienceofcontactshouldbeconsidered,anditcanbelocatedinthebasement.

Autotallin suunnittelu

Theconstructionrequirementsofthegarageareproposedbythemunicipalmanagementdepartment.Inadditiontothecarsusedinthehotel’sbusiness,thegarageshouldalsoprovideparkingspacesforpassengersorfortaxis.Tobuildnewhotelsinoldcitiesthatlackcargarages,someparkingspacescanbeallocatedforrentinthegaragetoincreaseincome.

Pyöräpysäköintipaikan suunnittelu

Alargehoteloftenhasthousandsofservicepersonnel.Atpresent,manyChinesehotelstaffandvisitorsusebicyclesfortransportation.tool.Therefore,largeandmedium-sizedhotelsmustdesignbicyclestorageshedsorleaveenoughparkingspacesintheoveralllayout.

Teho ja mekaaninen laitteistosuunnittelu

Modernhotelsneedtoprovideaperfectman-madeenvironment.Tothisend,itmusthaveahugepowerandmechanicalfacilities,aswellascontrolsystems,includingwatersupply,drainage,powertransmission,transformation,airconditioning,heating,telephoneexchanges,varioustypesoftelevisions,fireprevention,anti-theftautomaticmonitoringsystemsandcomputer-controlledgroupcontrolElevatorandsoon.Thesefacilitiesmustbecarefullyarranged.

Kehityssuunta

Theinternationaltrendofhotelconstructionistodeveloptowardshigh-rise,large-scale,high-standard,complex(ieshops,hotels,offices,apartments,etc.),andstrivetoIncreasetheprofitablepartofpublicactivities.Intermsoffacilities,wevigorouslyuseadvancedscienceandtechnologytocreateidealindoorandoutdoorenvironmentstoimprovemanagement.Forexample:useair-conditioningequipment,tightenclosurestructures,equipmenttopreventorreducenoiseinterference(includingsoundabsorption,soundinsulation,andmufflerdevices)tokeeptheroomquiet,freshair,andsuitabletemperature;usethegroupprogramtocontroltheelevatorfastPickupanddropoffpassengers;usemultifunctionalandefficienttelephonesandteletypewriterstokeepinclosecontactwithallovertheworld;installasmallsafeatthegeneralservicedesktostorevaluablesforpassengers;useelectronictechnologytomanageguestrooms(includingreservations,reception,checkout,etc.)Business)inordertoimproveworkefficiencyandroomutilization;usetelemetrymonitorstopreventthefttoensurepassengersafety;setupfiresensorstoalarmintimeandautomaticallyextinguishfiresintheeventofafire.