Konsepti
High-techenterprisesrefertothedevelopmentofnewfieldsthroughscienceandtechnologyorscientificinventions,orinnovativeoperationsintheoriginalfields.Onthebasisofdefiningthescopeofhigh-techindustries,theconceptofhigh-techenterprisescanbedefinedfromthe“AdministrativeMeasuresfortheRecognitionofHigh-techEnterprises”revisedandissuedbythestatein2016.Therefore,inmycountry,high-techenterprisesgenerallyrefertothecontinuousresearchanddevelopmentandthetransformationoftechnologicalachievementswithinthescopeofthe"High-techFieldsSupportedbytheState"promulgatedbythestate,formingthecoreindependentintellectualpropertyrightsoftheenterprise,andoperatingonthisbasisResidententerprisesthatareactiveareknowledge-intensiveandtechnology-intensiveeconomicentities.
Edut
Edistää yritysten teknologista muutosta
Innovationisthefundamentaldrivingforceforenterprisedevelopment,andhigh-techenterpriseidentificationpolicyisaguideThepurposeofthepolicyistoguideenterprisestoadjusttheindustrialstructure,takethedevelopmentpathofindependentinnovationandcontinuousinnovation,tostimulatetheenthusiasmofenterprisesforindependentinnovation,andtoimprovetheabilityofscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.
Paranna yritysbrändikuvaa
Itcanimprovecorporatereputation,indicatingthatthepersoninchargehasastrongsenseofinnovation,highmarketdevelopmentcapabilities,andmanagementlevel.Itshowsthattheenterpriseisahigh-growthenterprisesupportedbythestateandhasgoodpotentialeconomicbenefits.
Nauti edullisista veronalennus- ja vapautuskäytännöistä
a.Pakotetut korkean teknologian yritykset,yhtiön tuloveroa alennetaan 10 % ja 15 % voidaan pakottaa (25 suosituinta %).
b.IfR&Dexpensesdonotformintangibleassetsandareincludedinthecurrentprofitsandlosses,theyshallbedeductedbasedon75%oftheactualamount;175%oftheassetcostisamortizedbeforetax(thehigherthepre-taxdeductionratio,thehigherthepre-taxdeduction,andthelesstaxispaid).
Parantaa yritysten markkina-arvoa
Provethatenterpriseshavestrongtechnologicalinnovationcapabilitiesandhigh-endtechnologydevelopmentcapabilitiesinthisfield,whichisconducivetothedevelopmentofenterprisesathomeandabroadThemarket;isanimportantconditionforcompanieswhenbidding.
Parantaa yrityspääoman arvoa
Preferentialhigh-techenterprisesforgovernmentandcorporateprocurement.High-techenterprisesareanimportantconditionforattractinglocalgovernmentsandindustryorganizationstoimplementpreferentialpoliciesandfinancialsupportforenterprises.Theyalsohavetheabilitytoattractventurecapitalinstitutionsandfinancialinstitutions,therebypromotingenterprisestoquicklyinvestinindustrializedoperations.
Lisäpisteet NEEQ-listalle
Enterprisescertifiedashigh-techenterprisescanaddpointsduringtheprocessoflistingontheNEEQ.
muut
TheprerequisitequalificationsnecessaryfortheapplicationofGazelleenterprisesandgovernmentspecialfunds.
Thepartofenterpriseemployeeeducationexpensesnotexceeding8%ofwagesandsalariesisallowedtobedeductedbeforetax.
Whenbankstightenloanpolicies,high-techenterprisescanapplyforunsecuredcreditloans.
Sovellusaika
Atthebeginningofeachyear,theScienceandTechnologyCommitteeannouncesthetimeofhigh-techcertificationforthatyear.Forexample,in2017,therewerethreebatchesofhigh-techenterprisecertificationinBeijing.May31st,June1st-August11th,August12th-October9th.
Inaddition,theaccreditationcycleisgenerally3-5monthsfromacceptance.Aftertheimplementationofthe"NewAccreditationHallintotoimenpiteetforHigh-techEnterprises"issuedin2016,thedeadlineforaccreditationisgenerallyaboutItwillbepublicizedafter2months,andthehigh-techenterprisecertificatewillbeissuedabout2monthsafterthepublicity.ThespecificpublicityandcertificationtimeshallbesubjecttotheactualtimeissuedbytheScienceandTechnologyCommission.
Forhigh-techenterprisesthathavepassedthecertification,theirqualificationsarevalidforthreeyearsfromthedateofissuanceofthecertificate.
Pisteytyskriteerit
30pointsforcoreindependentintellectualpropertyrights
Patents,softwarecopyrights,integratedcircuitlayoutdesignpatentsownedbyenterprisesThenumberofcoreindependentintellectualpropertyrights(excludingtrademarks)suchasrightsandnewplantvarieties.
[Selitys]
1.Expertswilljudgewhetherthecoreindependentintellectualpropertyrightsdeclaredbytheenterprisemeettherequirementsofthe"WorkGuidelines".
2.Theapplicationandregistrationofthesameintellectualpropertyrightathomeandabroadareonlycountedasoneitem.
3.Ifthecreatoroftheintellectualpropertyrightsisseparatedfromtheowneroftheintellectualpropertyrights,theycanbecalculatedseparatelywhencalculatingthenumberofintellectualpropertyrights.
4.Patenttoobtaintheauthorizationcertificateshallprevail.
5.Enterprisesthatdonotpossesscoreindependentintellectualpropertyrightscannotberegardedashigh-techenterprises.
Note:Ifyouwanttoget30points,youmusthave6softwarecopyrightregistrationcertificatesor1inventionpatentor6utilitymodelpatents.
Theabilitytotransformscientificandtechnologicalachievementsis30points
Theannualaveragenumberofscientificandtechnologicalachievementstransformationin3yearsneedstobemorethanfiveitems
[Selitys]
1.Onlyoneapplicationforthesamescientificandtechnologicalachievement(patent,copyright,technologyuselicense,registeredsoftwarecopyright,integratedcircuitlayoutdesign)athomeandabroadiscountedasoneitem.
2.Thepurchaseorsaleoftechnicalachievementsissubjecttotheformaltechnicalcontract.
3.Thisevaluationcanbeincludedinthetechnicalknow-how,butthelessvaluableonesarenotincluded.Evaluatethevalueoftechnicalknow-howfromtheimprovementperformanceoftheproductorprocess(thecompanymaynotdisclosethespecificcontent).
4.Thebasisforjudgingthetransformationoftechnologicalachievementsisthatenterprisesusetechnologicalachievementstoformproducts,services,samples,prototypes,etc.
Note:Ifyouwanttoget30points,youmusthave12technicaldevelopmentcontractsor12technicalservicecontractsor12salescontracts(fordifferentproducts)
20pointsfortheorganizationandmanagementlevelofresearchanddevelopment
(1)Developedtheresearchanddevelopmentprojectapprovalreport;
(2)EstablishedtheR&Dinvestmentaccountingsystem;
p>(3)R&Dactivitiesinvolvingindustry-university-researchcooperationhavebeencarriedout;
(4)R&Dinstitutionsaresetupwithcorrespondingfacilitiesandequipment;
(5)EstablishedTheperformanceappraisalandrewardsystemforR&Dpersonnelhasbeenestablished.
Note:Youcanget20pointsafteralltheabovefiveitemsarecomplete.
20 pistettä kasvun tekijöille
ThisThisindicatorisanevaluationofthegrowthrateoftotalassetsandsalesgrowththatreflectthebusinessperformanceofthecompany(10pointseach).Thespecificcalculationmethodisasfollows:
Kokonaisvarallisuuden kasvunopeus = 1/2 (toinen vuosiomaisuus yhteensä÷ensimmäinen vuosi yhteensäomavarat + kolmas vuosi yhteensä
Myynnin kasvunopeus=1/2(Myyntitoisena vuonna÷Myyntiensimmäisenä vuonna+Myynti kolmantena vuonna÷Myyntitoisena vuonna)-1;
Note:Totalassetsandsalesincreaseeveryyeartoreachthemaximumscoreof20points
ehdot
AccordingtotherevisedversionjointlyissuedbytheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,theMinistryofFinance,andtheStateAdministrationofTaxationinMarch2016"HallintotoimenpiteetfortheAccreditationofHigh-techEnterprises"and"High-techFieldsSupportedbytheState",theaccreditationstandardsforhigh-techenterprisesareasfollows:
(1)Enterprisesmustberegisteredformorethanoneyearwhenapplyingforaccreditation;
(2)Throughindependentresearchanddevelopment,transfer,donation,mergersandacquisitions,theenterpriseobtainstheownershipoftheintellectualpropertyrightsofitsmainproducts(services)thatplayacoresupportingroleintechnology;
(3)Teknologia, jolla on keskeinen tukirooli yrityksen päätuotteille (palveluille), kuuluu "valtion tukemien korkean teknologian alojen" soveltamisalaan.
(4)TechnologythatthecompanyengagesinR&DandrelatedtechnologicalinnovationactivitiesTheproportionofpersonnelinthetotalnumberofemployeesofthecompanyisnotlessthan10%;
(5)Researchanddevelopmentofthecompanyinthepastthreefiscalyears(calculatedbasedontheactualoperatingtimeiftheactualoperatingperiodislessthanthreeyears,thesamebelow)Theproportionoftotalexpensestototalsalesrevenueinthesameperiodmeetsthefollowingrequirements:
a.Forcompanieswithsalesrevenueoflessthan50millionyuan(inclusive)inthemostrecentyear,theproportionshallnotbelessthan5%;
b.Theproportionofcompanieswithsalesrevenueof50millionto200millionyuan(inclusive)inthemostrecentyearisnotlessthan4%;
c.Companieswithsalesrevenueofmorethan200millionyuaninthemostrecentyear,Theproportionisnotlessthan3%.
Amongthem,thetotalR&DexpensesincurredbyenterprisesinChinaaccountfornolessthan60%ofthetotalR&Dexpenses;
(6)Korkean teknologian tuotteiden viime vuoden (Palvelu)tulojen osuus oli vähintään 60 prosenttia yrityksen kokonaistuloista samalla kaudella;
(7)Theevaluationofthecompany’sinnovationcapabilityshouldmeetthecorrespondingrequirements;
(8)Nomajorsafety,majorqualityaccidentsorseriousenvironmentalviolationsoccurredduringtheyear.
Varotoimenpiteet
1.Duetothecomplexityofthematerials,ifyouwanttoapplyforidentificationasahigh-techenterprise,youshouldprepareasearlyaspossible;
2,youshouldfollowthe"WorkGuidelines》,carefullycheckwhetheritmeetsthecertificationrequirements;
3.WhenissuingaspecialauditreportonR&Dexpensesandaspecialauditreportonhigh-techproduct(service)income,payattentiontoselectingtheaccountantsthathavebeenfiledbytherecognizedcompetentauthorityTherefore,R&Dprojectsandsalescontractsmustbelongtothecompany’smainbusinessarea.
4.Allthematerialsprovidedmustprovidesufficientandpersuasivesupportingmaterials.Forexample,theowneroftheintellectualpropertycertificatemustbetheapplicantenterpriseandmustbewithinthevalidityperiod.
Verokannustimet
Kansalliset politiikat
Verokannustimet ovat seuraavat:
1,10 % yritysten tuloverokannustimia
Korkean teknologian yritysten yritysten tuloveroa alennettu 10 %, mikä on 15 % (muilla kuin korkean teknologian yrityksillä 25 %).
Esimerkki:Yrityksen nettovoitto on 1 miljoona, ei-korkean teknologian yritykset tarvitsevat 250 000 yrityksen tuloveroa ja korkean teknologian yritykset 150 000.
2.R&Dexpensescanbeusedfortaxdeduction,andthetaxdeductionratiois75%higherthanthatofordinaryenterprises.
IftheR&Dexpensesoftechnology-basedSMEshavenotformedintangibleassets,theycanbeusedaccordingtotheactualoccurrence75%oftheamountisdeductedbeforetax;thatis,technology-basedSMEscandeduct175%ofR&Dexpensesbeforetaxtoreducetaxation.Andhigh-techenterpriseshappentobewithinthescopeofsmallandmedium-sizedtechnology-basedenterprises.(Note:ThispolicyappliesfromJanuary1,2017toDecember31,2019)
Paikalliset politiikat
Inadditiontonationaltaxincentives,high-techenterprisesalsoYoucanenjoylocalpreferentialtaxpolicies.Examplesareasfollows:
Peking:
(1)ProfessionaltechnicalpersonnelandmanagementpersonnelofenterprisescanapplyforBeijingworkresidencepermits.
(2)Beijingcorporateexecutivesandtechnicalbackbones,andthosewhohaveobtainedabachelor'sdegreeorabovefromcollegesanduniversitiesandscientificresearchinstitutionsintheBeijingarea,candirectlyapplyforBeijinghukou.
SuzhouIndustrialPark:
Aone-timerewardof100,000yuanwillbegiventocompaniesthathavepassedtheidentificationofhigh-techenterprisesandhaveaturnoveroflessthan20millionyuaninthepreviousyear;
SuzhouXiangchengDistrict:
Aone-timerewardof20,000yuanfortheenterprisesthathavepassedthehigh-techenterpriseidentification
SuzhouWuzhongDistrict:
Forthehigh-techenterprisesAone-timerewardof80,000yuanfortherecognizedenterprises
SuzhouHigh-techZone/GusuDistrict/WujiangDistrict/KunshanCity/TaicangCity/ChangshuCity:
Forcompaniesthathavepassedtherecognitionofhigh-techenterprisesAone-timerewardof100,000yuan
(Huomaa:tilanne eri alueilla on erilainen, tässä on esimerkki)
Sovellusmateriaalit
Thehigh-techenterpriseidentificationapplicationshouldbesubmittedThematerialsmainlyincludeseveralparts:
1.High-tech-yritysten tunnustamista koskeva hakemus;
2.Yritysluvan ja verorekisteröintitodistuksen kopio (kopio);
3.Intellectualpropertycertificate(exclusivelicensecontract),productionapproval,newproductornewtechnologycertification(newsearch)materials,productqualityinspectionreport,certificationofscientificandtechnologicalplansabovetheprovinciallevel,andotherrelevantcertificationmaterials;
4.Descriptionofthenumberofemployees,academicstructureandtheproportionofR&Dpersonnelinthecompany’semployees;
5.Thecompany’sR&Dexpensesinthepastthreefiscalyearscertifiedbyaqualifiedintermediaryagency(Iftheactuallifeislessthanthreeyears,itwillbebasedontheactualoperatinglife),andtheexplanatorymaterialsforresearchanddevelopmentactivitieswillbeattached;
6.Balancesheet,profitandlossstatement,cashflowstatement,theactualoperatinglifeoflessthanthreeyears)andtechnicalincomestatement.
Theabovematerialsareforreferenceonly,pleaserefertotheactualapplicationrequirementsfordetails.
Sovelluspisteet
1,6softwarecopyrightsor6utilitymodelsor1inventionpatent.
2.Thecompanyneedstoprovide12salescontractswithinthreeyears.
3.Thecompanyneedstoprovideanannualauditreportforthepastthreeyears.SpecialauditreportonR&Dexpensesinthepastthreeyears,andspecialauditreportonhigh-techincome.
4.ProvidealistofcompanypersonnelandcorrespondinglistsofR&Dpersonnel,scientificandtechnicalpersonnel,andauxiliarypersonnel,andprovideacopyofthecorrespondingpersonnel’sidentitycertificate,laborcontract(withdrawalofpositionsandsupport,ifnotadjusted),academicqualificationsAcopyofthecertificate.
5.Technicalpersonnelwillcoordinatetoadjusttechnicalmaterials,improveprojectreport,researchanddevelopmentdocuments,etc.
Tunnistamismenettely
(1)EnterpriseTheself-evaluationiscarriedout.Beforeapplyingforhigh-techenterprisecertification,companiesshouldcarefullyreadrelevantdocumentsandcertificationstandards,andconductself-evaluationobjectively.Ifitisdeemedtomeetthequalificationrequirements,itcanberegisteredonthe"High-techEnterpriseRecognitionManagementNetwork".
(2)Foronlineregistration.Thecompanylogsontothe"High-techEnterpriseCertificationManagementNetwork",fillsintheregistrationform,andsendsthecompletedregistrationformtothecertificationagency.TheaccreditationagencycompletesthecorporateidentityverificationandinformsthecompanyoftheusernameandpasswordviatheInternet.
(3)Theenterprisesubmitsanapplicationforaccreditation.Theenterpriseenterstheonlineaccreditationmanagementsystembasedonitsusernameandpassword,fillsinthe"applicationforhigh-techenterpriseaccreditation"andsendsittotheaccreditationagency,andsubmitstherequiredapplicationmaterialstotheaccreditationagency.
(4)Theaccreditationbodymustberecognizedbytheorganization.Afterreceivingthecompleteapplicationmaterialsofthecompany,theaccreditationagencyorganizesexpertreview,putsforwardaccreditationopinions,anddeterminesthelistofaccreditedcompanies.
(5)Publicityandissuanceofcertificationcertificates.Theaccreditedhigh-techenterpriseswillbepostedonthe"High-techEnterpriseAccreditationManagementNetwork"for15workingdays.Ifthereareobjectionstotheannouncement,theaccreditationagencyshallverifyanddealwiththerelevantissues.Ifitistrue,thehigh-techenterprisequalificationshallbecancelled;ifthereisnoobjectionintheannouncement,itshallbereportedtotheOfficeoftheLeadingGroupfortherecord,andtheresultsoftheaccreditationshallbeannouncedonthe"High-techEnterpriseAccreditationManagementNetwork".Andthecertificationbodywillissuea"High-techEnterpriseCertificate"(stampedwiththeofficialsealofthescienceandtechnology,finance,andtaxationdepartments).
Kahdeksan teknistä alaa
Ensinnäkin sähköinen tietotekniikka
Technologiesinclude:softwaretechnology,microelectronicstechnology,computerandnetworktechnology,Communicationtechnology,radioandtelevisiontechnology,newelectroniccomponents,informationsecuritytechnology,intelligenttransportationtechnology
Toiseksi biologinen ja uusi lääketieteellinen teknologia
Technologyincludes:Medicalbiotechnology;traditionalChinesemedicine,naturalmedicine;chemicalmedicine;newdosageformsandpreparationtechnology;medicalinstrumenttechnology,equipmentandmedicalspecialsoftware;lightindustryandchemicalbiotechnology
3. Ilmailu-avaruusteknologia
Technologyincludes:civilaircrafttechnology;aircontrolsystem;newgenerationcivilaviationoperationguaranteesystem;satellitecommunicationapplicationsystem;satellitenavigationapplicationservicesystem
4. Uusi materiaaliteknologia
Teknologia sisältää: metallimateriaalit; epäorgaaniset ei-metallimateriaalit; polymeerimateriaalit; biolääketieteelliset materiaalit; hienokemikaalit
5. Korkean teknologian palveluteollisuus
Technologiesinclude:generictechnology;modernlogistics;integratedcircuits;businessprocessoutsourcing(BPO);supporttechnologyforculturalandcreativeindustries;publicservices;technicalconsultingservices;sophisticatedandcomplexmoldsDesign;Biomedicaltechnology;Industrialdesign
Kuusi. Uusienergia ja energiaa säästävä tekniikka
Technologyincludes:renewablecleanenergytechnology;windenergy;biomassenergy;Geothermalenergyutilization;nuclearenergyandhydrogenenergy;newhigh-efficiencyenergyconversionandstoragetechnology;high-efficiencyenergy-savingtechnology
Seven.ResourcesandEnvironmentalTechnology
:Waterpollutioncontroltechnology;airpollutioncontroltechnology;solidwastetreatmentandcomprehensiveutilizationtechnology;environmentalmonitoringtechnology;
ecologicalenvironmentconstructionandprotectiontechnology;cleanproductionandcirculareconomytechnology;Comprehensiveutilizationtechnology
8.Perinteisten teollisuudenalojen korkean teknologian muutos
Technologiesinclude:industrialproductionprocesscontrolsystem;high-performance,intelligentinstrumentation;advancedmanufacturingTechnology;newmachinery;powersysteminformatizationandautomationtechnology;automotiveindustryrelatedtechnology.
Hallintotoimenpiteet
Yksi lukuYleiset määräykset
Thefirstarticleistosupportandencouragethedevelopmentofhigh-techenterprises.Accordingtothe"ChineseTherelevantprovisionsoftheEnterpriseIncomeTaxLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(hereinafterreferredtoastheEnterpriseIncomeTaxLaw)andtheImplementationRegulationsoftheEnterpriseIncomeTaxLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(hereinafterreferredtoastheImplementationRegulations)areherebyformulated.
Article2Thehigh-techenterprisesmentionedintheseMeasuresrefertothecontinuousresearchanddevelopmentandthetransformationoftechnologicalachievementsinthe"High-techFieldsSupportedbytheState"(seeappendix)toformthecoreindependenceoftheenterpriseIntellectualpropertyrights,andcarryoutbusinessactivitiesbasedonthis,andregisteraresidententerpriseinChina(excludingHongKong,Macau,andTaiwan)formorethanoneyear.
Article3Theidentificationandmanagementofhigh-techenterprisesshouldfollowtheprinciplesofhighlightingthemainbodyoftheenterprise,encouragingtechnologicalinnovation,implementingdynamicmanagement,andadheringtofairnessandjustice.
Article4High-techenterprisesrecognizedinaccordancewiththeseMeasuresmaycomplywiththe"CorporateIncomeTaxLaw"andits"ImplementationRegulations",andthe"TaxCollectionandAdministrationLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina"(hereinafterreferredtoasthe"TaxCollectionandAdministrationLaw").)Andthe"ImplementationRulesoftheTaxCollectionandAdministrationLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina"(hereinafterreferredtoasthe"ImplementationRules")andotherrelevantprovisionstoapplyforpreferentialtaxpolicies.
Article5TheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,theMinistryofFinance,andtheStateAdministrationofTaxationshallberesponsiblefortheguidance,managementandsupervisionofthenationalhigh-techenterpriseidentificationwork.
Luku II Organisointi ja toteutus
Article6TheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,theMinistryofFinance,andtheStateAdministrationofTaxationformtheNationalLeadingGroupfortheAccreditationandManagementofHigh-techEnterprises(belowCalledthe"LeadingGroup"),itsmainresponsibilitiesare:
(1)Determinethedirectionofthenationalhigh-techenterprisecertificationmanagementwork,reviewthehigh-techenterprisecertificationmanagementworkreport;
(2))Coordinateandresolvemajorissuesintheimplementationofcertificationmanagementandrelatedpolicies;
(3)Adjudicatemajordisputesinthecertificationmanagementofhigh-techenterprises,superviseandinspectthecertificationmanagementworkinvariousregions,anddealwiththeproblemsfoundGuiderectification.
Article7TheleadinggrouphasanofficecomposedofrelevantpersonnelfromtheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,theMinistryofFinance,andtheStateAdministrationofTaxation.TheofficeislocatedintheMinistryofScienceandTechnology.Itsmainresponsibilitiesare:
(1)Submitareportonthemanagementofhigh-techenterprisecertification,researchandputforwardpolicyimprovementrecommendations;(2)guidethemanagementofhigh-techenterprisecertificationinvariousregions,organizethesupervisionandinspectionofthemanagementofhigh-techenterprisecertification,andcheckthefindingsProposerectificationandhandlingsuggestionsfortheproblem;
(3)Responsiblefortherecordmanagementoftheidentificationofhigh-techenterprisesinvariousregions,publishthelistofidentifiedhigh-techenterprises,andissuehigh-techenterprisecertificatenumbers;
(4) rakentaa ja hallinnoida "High-tech Enterprise Certification Management Networkia";
(5)Suorita muut johtavan ryhmän määräämät tehtävät.
Article8Thescienceandtechnologyadministrativedepartmentsofprovinces,autonomousregions,municipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,andcitiesunderseparatestateplanning,togetherwiththefinanceandtaxationdepartmentsatthesamelevel,formaregionalhigh-techenterprisecertificationmanagementagency(hereinafterreferredtoas"certificationagency").Theaccreditationagencyhasanofficecomposedofrelevantpersonnelfromthescienceandtechnology,finance,andtaxationdepartmentsoftheprovincialandseparatecities.Themainresponsibilitiesoftheaccreditationagencyareasfollows:
(1)Responsiblefortheidentificationofhigh-techenterprisesintheadministrativearea,andsubmitareportonthemanagementofhigh-techenterprisesintheregiontotheleadinggroupofficeeveryyear;
(2)Responsibleforreportingtherecognizedhigh-techenterprisestotheOfficeoftheLeadingGroupforfilingasrequired,andissuinghigh-techenterprisecertificatestothecompaniesthathavepassedthefiling;(3)Responsibleforselectingreviewexpertsparticipatinginthecertification(Includingtechnicalexpertsandfinancialexperts),andstrengthensupervisionandmanagement;
(4)Responsibleforsupervisingandinspectingtherecognizedenterprises,accepting,verifyingandprocessingreviewapplicationsandrelatedreports,andimplementingtheleadinggroupanditsRectificationsuggestionsputforwardbytheoffice;
(5)Completeothertasksassignedbytheleadinggroupoffice.
Article9Thequalificationsofhigh-techenterprisesthathavepassedthecertificationshallbevalidforthreeyearsfromthedateofissuanceofthecertificate.
Article10Afteranenterpriseobtainsthequalificationofahigh-techenterprise,itcanenjoytaxincentivesfromtheyearwhenthehigh-techenterprisecertificateisissued,andcangothroughthetaxpreferentialprocedureswiththecompetenttaxauthorityinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle4oftheseMeasures.
III luku Menettelyt
Article11isrecognizedasahigh-techenterpriseandmustmeetthefollowingconditionsatthesametime:
(1)Enterprisesmustberegisteredformorethanoneyearwhenapplyingforcertification;
(2)Enterprisesobtaincoretechnicalsupportfortheirmainproducts(services)throughindependentresearchanddevelopment,transfers,donations,mergersandacquisitions,etc.Theownershipofintellectualpropertyrights;
(3)Thetechnologiesthatplayacoresupportingroleinthemainproducts(services)oftheenterprisefallwithinthescopeofthe"High-techFieldsSupportedbytheState";
(4)Thecompany’sscientificandtechnologicalpersonnelengagedinR&Dandrelatedtechnologicalinnovationactivitiesaccountedfornolessthan10%ofthecompany’stotalnumberofemployeesinthatyear;Calculatedbasedonactualoperatinghours,thesamebelow)Theproportionoftotalresearchanddevelopmentexpensestototalsalesrevenueinthesameperiodmeetsthefollowingrequirements:
1.Yritykset, joiden myyntitulot ovat alle 50 miljoonaa uania (mukaan lukien)viimeisimmässä vuodessa, osuus ei ole alle 5 %;
2.Forcompanieswithsalesrevenueof50millionto200millionyuan(inclusive)inthemostrecentyear,theproportionisnotlessthan4%;
3.Theproportionofcompanieswithsalesrevenueofmorethan200millionyuaninthemostrecentyearisnotlessthan3%.
Amongthem,thetotalR&DexpensesincurredbyenterprisesinChinaaccountfornolessthan60%ofthetotalR&Dexpenses;
(6)Korkean teknologian tuotteiden viime vuoden(Palvelu)tulot osoittivat vähintään 60 % yrityksen kokonaistuloista samana ajanjaksona;(7)Yrityksen innovaatiokyvyn arvioinnin tulee täyttää vastaavat vaatimukset.
(8)Thecompany’sapplicationforthepreviousNomajorsafety,majorqualityaccidentsorseriousenvironmentalviolationsoccurredduringtheyear.
Article12Theproceduresfortheidentificationofhigh-techenterprisesareasfollows:
(1) Yrityssovellus
Enterprisesshallconductself-evaluationinaccordancewiththeseMeasures.Thosewhoaredeemedtomeettheaccreditationrequirementsshallregisteronthe"High-techEnterpriseAccreditationManagementNetwork"andsubmitanaccreditationapplicationtotheaccreditationagency.Submitthefollowingmaterialswhenapplying:
1.High-tech-yritysten tunnustamista koskeva hakemus;
2.Relevantregistrationcertificatescertifyingtheestablishmentoftheenterpriseaccordingtolaw;
3.Intellectualproperty-relatedmaterials,scientificresearchprojectapprovalcertificates,scientificandtechnologicalachievementstransformation,researchanddevelopmentorganizationmanagementandotherrelatedmaterials;
4.Keytechnologiesandtechnicalindicators,productionapprovals,certificationsofenterprisehigh-techproducts(services)Relevantmaterialssuchasaccreditationandrelatedqualificationcertificates,productqualityinspectionreports;
5.Descriptionmaterialsofenterpriseemployeesandscientificandtechnicalpersonnel;
6.EnterprisesissuedbyaqualifiedintermediaryagencySpecialauditorattestationreportforresearchanddevelopmentexpensesinthepastthreefiscalyearsandincomefromhigh-techproducts(services)inthepastfiscalyear,togetherwithexplanatorymaterialsforresearchanddevelopmentactivities;
7.CertifiedbyaqualifiedintermediaryagencyFinancialaccountingreports(includingaccountingstatements,notestoaccountingstatements,andfinancialstatements)forthemostrecentthreefiscalyearsofthecompany;
8.Annualcorporateincometaxreturnforthemostrecentthreefiscalyears.
(2) Asiantuntijakatsaus
Theaccreditationagencyshallrandomlyselectexpertsfromamongtheexpertswhomeetthereviewrequirementstoformanexpertgroup.Theexpertgroupreviewstheapplicationmaterialsoftheenterpriseandputsforwardreviewopinions.
(3)Tarkistus ja vahvistus
Accordingtothereviewopinionsoftheexpertgroup,theaccreditationagencyconductsacomprehensivereviewoftheapplicantenterprise,putsforwardtheaccreditationopinionsandsubmitsthemtotheleadinggroupoffice.AccreditedenterprisesshallbepublicizedbytheLeadingGroupOfficeonthe"High-techEnterpriseRecognitionManagementNetwork"for10workingdays.Ifthereisnoobjection,theywillbefiledandannouncedonthe"High-techEnterpriseRecognitionManagementNetwork".ThecertificationagencywillissueaunifiedsealtotheenterpriseThe“High-techEnterpriseCertificate”ofthesystem;ifthereareobjections,thecertificationagencyshallverifyanddealwithit.
Article13Afteranenterpriseobtainsthequalificationofahigh-techenterprise,itshallfillinthepreviousyear’sintellectualpropertyrights,scientificandtechnicalpersonnel,R&Dexpenses,operatingincome,etc.onthe"High-techEnterpriseCertificationManagementNetwork"beforetheendofMayeachyearAnnualdevelopmentreport.
Article14Forsecret-relatedenterprises,inaccordancewiththerelevantstateregulationsonsecrecywork,andonthepremiseofensuringthesecurityofsecret-relatedinformation,organizeidentificationaccordingtotheidentificationworkprocedures.
IV luku Valvonta ja hallinto
Article15TheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,theMinistryofFinance,andtheStateAdministrationofTaxationshallestablishrandomrandominspectionsandkeyinspectionmechanismstostrengthenSupervisionandinspectionoftechnicalenterprisecertificationmanagement.Rectificationopinionsshouldbeputforwardtothecertificationbodywithproblemsandcorrectedwithinatimelimit.Iftheproblemisserious,itwillbenotifiedandcriticized,andthecertificationmanagementworkwillbesuspendediftheproblemisnotcorrectedwithinthetimelimit.
Article16Regardingtherecognizedhigh-techenterprises,iftherelevantdepartmentsfindthattheydonotmeetthecertificationrequirementsinthedailymanagementprocess,theyshallsubmitthemtothecertificationagencyforreview.Afterthereview,ifitisconfirmedthatitdoesnotmeetthecertificationconditions,thecertificationagencyshallcancelitsqualificationasahigh-techenterprise,andnotifythetaxauthoritytorecoverthetaxbenefitsthatithasenjoyedsincetheyearwhenthecertificationconditionsarenotmet.
Article17Thenamechangeofahigh-techenterpriseoramajorchangerelatedtothecertificationconditions(suchasdivision,merger,reorganization,andchangesinbusinessoperations,etc.)shouldbereportedtothecertificationbodywithinthreemonths.Thequalificationsofhigh-techenterprisesshallremainunchangediftheaccreditationagencymeetstheaccreditationconditions.Ifthecompanyisrenamed,theaccreditationcertificateshallbere-issuedwiththesamenumberandvalidityperiod;iftheaccreditationconditionsarenotmet,thehigh-techenterpriseshallbecancelledfromtheyearwhenthenameischangedortheconditionsarechanged.Enterprisequalifications.
Article18Forhigh-techenterprisesthatmigrateacrosstheareaunderthemanagementofthecertificationorganization,ifthemigrationiscompletedwithinthevalidityperiodoftheirhigh-techenterprisequalifications,theirqualificationswillcontinuetobevalid;Theaccreditationagencyoftheplaceofrelocationshallbere-accreditedinaccordancewiththeseMeasures.
Article19Ifarecognizedhigh-techenterprisehasoneofthefollowingbehaviors,thecertificationbodyshallcancelitshigh-techenterprisequalification:
(1)ExistingintheprocessofapplicationforcertificationSeriousfraudulentacts;
(2)Majorsafety,majorqualityaccidentsorseriousenvironmentalviolationsoccur;
(3)Failuretoreportmajorchangesrelatedtotheidentifiedconditionsontime,Orfailingtofillintheannualdevelopmentreportfortwoyears.
Forenterprisesthathavebeendisqualifiedashigh-techenterprises,thecertificationagencyshallnotifythetaxauthoritiestorecoverthehigh-techenterprisesthattheyhaveenjoyedsincetheyearoftheabove-mentionedbehaviorinaccordancewiththeTaxCollectionandAdministrationLawandrelevantregulations.Verokannustimet.
Article20Thevariousinstitutionsandpersonnelinvolvedintheidentificationofhigh-techenterprisesshallhavetheobligationofintegrity,complianceandconfidentialityfortherelevantworkundertaken.Violationoftherequirementsanddisciplinesrelatedtohigh-techenterpriseidentificationworkshallbedealtwithaccordingly.
Luku 5 Täydentävät määräykset
Article21TheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,theMinistryofFinance,andtheStateAdministrationofTaxationshallseparatelyformulatethe"High-techEnterpriseCertificationManagementWorkGuidelines.
Article22TheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,theMinistryofFinance,andtheStateAdministrationofTaxationareresponsiblefortheinterpretationofthesemeasures.
Artikla 23Nämä toimenpiteet otetaan käyttöön 1. tammikuuta 2016. Alkuperäinen "High-tech-yritysten tunnustamisen hallinnolliset toimenpiteet" (GuokeFahuo[2008]nro 172) kumotaan samana päivänä.
Analyysimenetelmä
Kustannusjohtajuuden analyysi
AccordingtoPorter’stheory,costadvantageisoneofthecompetitiveadvantagesthatcompaniesmayobtain.Basedonthis,manycompanieswillCostmanagementhasbeenraisedtoastrategicposition,thegoalofcostleadershiphasbeenformulated,andthecompany'scostcontrolandplanninghavebeenstrengthened.Althoughtherearemanyfactorsthataffectthecostofenterprises,fromastrategicpointofview,therearemainlyeconomiesofscaleandlearningcurveeffects.
Thecostofavalueactivityisoftenconstrainedbyeconomiesofscale.Economiesofscalearisefromtheabilitytocarryoutalargerrangeofactivitiesindifferentwaysandwithhigherefficiency;fromtheabilitytoshareintangiblecostsandR&Dexpensesinlargersales;alsofromtheabilitytosupporttheexpansionofanactivityTheincreaseininfrastructureandoverheadcostsrequiredforthisactivityislowerthanitsexpansion.Thekeytoeconomiesofscaleisthatdemandmustbepriceelastic.However,high-techproductsarehighlyinnovative,haveastrongmonopoly,andhavenocompletesubstitutes.Therefore,thepriceelasticityofdemandissmall,andthereisalackofinevitablerelationshipbetweenpriceandsalesvolume.Link.Ontheotherhand,thereisaseriousinformationasymmetrybetweenthesupplyanddemandofhigh-techproducts,andcustomershavenowayofknowingwhatpriceisreasonable.Therefore,pricereductionsmaynotnecessarilyleadtosalesgrowth,andeconomiesofscalecannotbebroughtintoplay.
Thelearningcurveisanotherimportantfactorforcompaniestoobtaincostadvantages.Avalueactivityincreasesitsefficiencywithlearning,anditscostdecreasesovertime.Learnaboutthemechanismofcostreductionovertime,includingtheimprovementoflaborefficiency,theimprovementofassetutilization,andthemoresuitablerawmaterialsfortheprocess.Thatis,doingthesamethingoverandovermayfindamoreeffectiveproductionmethod.However,high-techproductsarehighlyinnovative,whichmeansthattheoriginalproductsandtechnologicalprocessesmaylastforashorttime,andittakesalongtimetoimproveefficiencythroughlearningandreducecosts.Atthesametime,high-techenterpriseproductsareupdatedrelativelyquickly.Therefore,itmayfacealearningcurveofcontinuousupwarddisplacement.Theunitcostoftheproductisdifficulttoreduceduetotheallocationoftheresearchanddevelopmentexpensesofthenewproduct,andthecostleadershipisdifficulttoobtain.
Differentiointianalyysi
Asmarketcompetitionbecomesmoreandmorefierce,marketingisfacingmoreandmoreserioushomogeneity,notonlythehomogeneityofproducts,butalsomarketingstrategiesBothtechnologiesandtechniquestendtobehomogenized,andcompanieshavefallenintothequagmireofpricewars,advertisingwars,terminalwars,andsalespromotionwars.Therefore,thepursuitofproductandmarketingmodeldifferentiationhasbecomeaninevitablestrategyforcompaniestocontinuetogaincompetitiveadvantagesinthedynamicmarket.means.Whetheritiscostleadershipordifferentiation,theultimategoalistoobtainhighreturns.Asmentionedearlier,itisdifficultforhigh-techcompaniestoimplementcost-leadingstrategies.Therefore,differentiationhasbecomeaninevitablechoice.Thechoiceofdifferentiatedmarketingstrategyisthenaturalresultofthedevelopmentofhigh-techenterprises.Thebiggestcharacteristicofhigh-techenterprisesliesintheirstronginnovationkineticenergyandinnovativeability,andinnovationandproductdifferentiationarepositivelycorrelated.Furthermore,differentiationisdirectlyproportionaltotherelativepriceoftheproduct,andhighrelativepricesmeanhighreturns.Obtaininghighreturnsthroughinnovationwillinturnstimulatecompaniestoincreasetheirresearchanddevelopmenteffortstopromoteinnovation.Thisisavirtuouscircle.