Yleiskatsaus
The"DictionaryofPsychology"believesthat:"Emotionistheattitudeandexperienceofpeopleonwhetherobjectivethingsmeettheirownneeds."AtthesametimeingeneralgeneralpsychologycoursesHealsobelievesthat“emotionsandemotionsarebothattitudesandexperiencesofpeopletowardsobjectivethings,butemotionsaremoreinclinedtotheattitudeandexperienceofindividualbasicneedsanddesires,whileemotionsaremoreinclinedtotheattitudeandexperienceofsocialneedsanddesires.”Butinfact.Ontheonehand,thisconclusionexcludesthewell-recognizedhappiness,beauty,affection,etc.,whicharemorepersonalandlackofsocialityfromemotion;ontheotherhand,itobviouslyignoresthejoy,anger,andworryofemotionalfeelings.,Thinking,sadness,fear,shock,andsocialemotionalfeelings.Love,friendship,patriotismemotionshavethecrossphenomenoninthebehaviorprocess,suchasaperson’spursuitoflove,thesocialemotionalprocess,withthebehaviorprocessTherearealsoavarietyofemotionalfeelingsinthechanges,andthestabilityoflovefeelingsandtheinstabilityofemotionalfeelingsclearlyshowthatthereisadifferencebetweenloveandrelatedemotions.Basedonthesetwopoints,itisobviouslyinappropriatetodistinguishemotionsandemotionsfrombasicneedsandsocialneeds,ortoconfuseemotionsandemotions.
Tunteet (3 kuvaa)
Emotionisthebody'sevaluationandexperienceofthepossibilityandinevitabilityofthesuccessofbehavior,includinghappiness,anger,andworry.Seventypes:thought,sorrow,fear,andshock.Thestrongerthebehaviorinthephysicalmovements,thestrongertheemotions.Forexample,joywillbedancing,angerwillbegnashingteeth,worryingwillbeeatinganddrinking,sadnesswillbedistressing,etc.Itistheemotionalresponsetobodymovements.Physiologicalresponseisanecessaryconditionfortheexistenceofemotions.Toprovethis,psychologistsinjectedadrenalineintothosementallyillpeoplewhodidnotdevelopfearandavoidancebehavior.Asaresult,thesementallyillpeoplewerethesameasnormalpeopleafterbeinginjectedwithadrenaline.Hadfearandlearnedtoavoidtasks.Thesameistrueforemotions.Forexample,ifthereisnosexualdesire,therewillbenolove.Whenapersontakesanaphrodisiac,withthestrongsexualdesire,thepossibilityofloveatfirstsightwillincrease.Therefore,thebehavioralprocessestriggeredbydifferentdrugstimulationsalsoshowthatemotionsandemotionsareobviouslydifferent,twoinconsistentpsychophysiologicalprocesses.Emotionsnotonlyrefertopeople'shappiness,anger,sorrow,andjoy,butalsorefertoallhumansensory,physical,psychological,andspiritualfeelings.Essentially,thedifferencebetweenemotionandemotioninthebehaviorprocessandattitudeis:Emotionreferstothephysiologicalevaluationresponsetothebehaviorgoal,andemotionreferstothephysiologicalevaluationresponsetothebehaviorprocess.Takeloveasanexample.Whenwehavelove,wehaveagoal.Ourloveisaphysiologicalevaluationandexperienceofthecorrespondinggoal.Atthesametime,wefollowtheprocessofthepursuitoflove.Theupsanddownswillproduceavarietyofemotions.
Essence
Emotion:thefeelingsproducedbytheinteractionbetweenlifephenomenaandhumanhearts.
Theobjectiveaspectofemotion:emotionsarecontainedinlifephenomena,andthehumanbraincanfeelthisemotion.
Emotionalsubjectiveaspects:First,eveniftheylivethesamelife,goodpeopleanduglypeoplehavedifferentfeelingsaboutlife;second,whentheyareinabadmoodduetonegativeemotionalstimulation,theyfeelemotionalTheabilitydrops.
Therefore,emotionsaredeterminedbythephenomenaoflifeandthehumanheart,andcannotbedeterminedbyonepartyalone.
Emotionisarelativelyfixedattitudetowardsreality,whichmanifestsitselfinvariousexperiencesrelatedtohumanpersonalityandmoralexperience.
Weoftensaytheword"feeling",forexample:acouplebrokeupbecausethereasonisthattheydon’tfeeleachotheranymore;anotherexampleisthattheyarenumbandhavenosenseoflife.Feelingistheemotionthatisfeltfromthephenomenonoflife,whichistheemotionthatisjointlydeterminedbythephenomenonoflifeandthehumanheart.
Rooli
Insummary,theimportantroleofemotionismainlymanifestedinfouraspects:
-Emotionisapsychologicaltoolforpeopletoadapttosurvival.
-Emotioncanstimulatethemotivationofmentalactivityandbehavior.
-Emotionaalisen toiminnan järjestäjä.
－Emotionisanimportantmeansofinterpersonalcommunication.
Fromtheperspectiveofbiologicalevolution,wecandividehumanemotionsintobasicemotionsandcomplexemotions.
Tunnelmien yhteinen rooli sosiaalisissa vuorovaikutuksessa
Angercanoftenmaketheotherpersondiscouragedandgivein;tearscanexchangetheother'ssympathy;fearcanbringpeopleTheheartsofpeoplearetiedtogether;emotionalindifferenceoftenrepelstheacquaintance;whenthefeelingsarethesame,theyoftenresonatewithbothsides;franknessandfranknesscangetpeople’ssympathy;inmultipleroundsofnegotiations,onesingstheblackfaceandthentheothersingsthewhiteface,Itiseasiertoachievethedesiredgoal;likeprinciples;laughterandcursecanoftenachievethegoal,makingitdifficultfortheopponenttoresistandsurrenderwithoutafight.
Tunteiden yksilölliset erot
1. Tunteiden taipumus
Thetendencyofemotionsreferstowhataperson’semotionspointtoandwhytheyarecaused.ItisrelatedtoAperson'soutlookontheworldandlifeiscloselyrelated,andisalsorelatedtoaperson'sattitudetowardslife.Forexample,theemotionofhatred.Ifitpointstopeopleandthingsthatendangernationalinterestsanddestroynationalproperty,thenthisemotionisnobleemotion;ifyoupointthisemotiontopeoplewhohavecriticizedyourownshortcomings,orbothintermsofabilityandcharacterThosewhosurpassthemselves,thenthiskindofemotionislowemotion.Toevaluatethesameemotion,wemustanalyzeitstendency.
2. Tunnelman syvällisyys
Theprofundityofemotionreferstotheessentialdegreeofaperson'semotionsinvolvedinrelatedthings.Theemotionsthatcanpenetratedeeplyintoallaspectsofaperson'slifearedeepemotions.Humanemotionsarecausedbycertainobjectivethings.Theclosertheyaretotheessenceofthings,themoreprofoundtheyare,whiletheemotionscausedbysuperficialphenomenalackprofoundness.Theemotionthatapersonwithartisticaccomplishmentproduceswhenappreciatingafashionshowonthestage,thatis,thesenseofbeauty,isadeepemotion;whileapersonlackingartisticaccomplishmentjustlooksfreshandjoinsthefuntowatchtheshow,theemotionheshowsatthistimeItispleasure,itisasuperficialemotion.Theemotionsoftwopeopleexperiencingupsanddownsandeachotherareprofoundemotions;whiletheemotionsofmeetingbywaterorbetweenfriendswithwineandmeataresuperficialemotions.Thesameemotioncandeeplyreflectallaspectsofaperson'slife,whichisalsoadeepemotion.
3. Tunteen vakaus
Thestabilityofemotionreferstothedegreeofstabilityandchangeofemotion.Thestabilityofemotionisaconcretemanifestationofthestabilityofaperson'ssubjectiveworld.Peoplewithemotionallyunstablelifeareoftenpoor,boringandlackofvitality,becauseemotionshavelosttheirpositiveeffectsandcannotbecomearegularandlastingmotivationforpeople'sactivities.Onlyemotionsproducedundertheguidanceofacorrectworldoutlookandoutlookonlifearestableemotions.Peoplewiththiskindofemotionhaveaconscious,positiveandconsistentattitudeinwork,studyandlife.Evenifyouareoftenengagedinacertainjob,youwillnotbecomeindifferentduetothepassageoftime.
4.Emotionaalinen tehokkuus
Emotionaleffectivenessreferstotheextenttowhichaperson’semotionsplayaroleintheirpracticalactivities.Forpeoplewithhighemotionaleffects,anyemotionwillbecomeamotivationtoencouragethemtotakepracticalactions.Notonlypleasantandsatisfyingemotionswillencouragethemtoworkandlivewithapositiveattitude,eveniftheyproduceunpleasantandunsatisfactoryemotions,theycanalsobetransformedintostrength.Onthecontrary,peoplewithlowornoemotionaleffectoftenhavesomeemotionalexperience.Thisexperienceissometimesverystrong,butitonlystaysonthe"experience"andhasnopositiveeffectonactualactions..
Emotionaalinen kypsyys
Emotionaalinen kypsyysreferstoamentalstateinwhichpeoplecanconsciouslyadjusttheiremotionstomakethemmoderateregardlessofwhethertheirpersonalneedsaremetornot.Iftheneedsaremetornotecstasy,theneedsarenotmet,neitherangernorhumiliation,etc.Emotionaalinen kypsyyssignifiesthataperson'spsychologyishealthy.Everyonewhowantstobesocializedshouldmakehimself"smart",cultivatehissentiment,andmaturehisemotionsassoonaspossible.E.Hurlockbelievesthatemotionalmaturityincludesfouraspects:
1. Pysyä terveenä
Icanmanagemyownhealthwell,andkeepexercisingforalongtime,whichiseffectivePreventemotionalinstabilitycausedbyphysicalfatigue,lackofsleep,headaches,indigestionandotherdiseases.Whenthereisadisease,hehastheoptimismtoovercomethedisease.
2. Pystyy hallitsemaan ympäristöä
Individualbehaviormustbeconstrainedbythesocialenvironment,overcometheself-containedwayofthinkingofdoingwhateveryouwant;personalinterestsdonotviolatecollectiveinterests,andindividualbehaviorsmustconformtobehaviorStandards,donotspeakwounds,swearwords,jumpatthetouchofatouch,fights,pettytheft,etc.
3.Se voi liuottaaliikkeitävaarattomiin kohteisiin
Humanemotionsarebipolar.Bipolaremotionsnotonlydamagetheirownhealth,butalsonegativeemotions.Suchasanger,irritability,etc.mayhurtothers.Itisnecessarytostrengthentheregulatingeffectofsentiment,toresolveandpreventthegenerationofexcessiveemotions,totransformthesuppressedemotions,andtomaketheemotionshaveasenseofsocietyandresponsibility.
4.Ymmärrys yhteiskunnasta
Perceivingandunderstandingsocietycanmakepeople’sintelligenceandsocialexperiencecontinuetogrow.Societyisnotself-centered,buteveryone-centeredandcollectiveinterest-centered.Insightandunderstandingofsocietywillmaketheselfmoreself-disciplined,moretolerant,moreintegrated,moreemotionallymature,andsharefatewiththecollective.
Inanutshell,emotionalmaturityrequirespsychologicalmaturity.Itrequireseveryyoungpersonwhoisabouttoorhasgrownup,bidfarewelltothelifestyleofrelyingonhisparentsathomeandcompletelydependentonhisparents,andgraduallyenterthesociety,relyingonself-independenceandself-cultivation,beatingandexercisinghimselfintheupsanddownsofthesociety.Learntomanageyourselfinwork,study,andlife.Atthesametime,youmustalsolearntomanageothers(suchaslettingyoubetheleaderofthedepartment),organizeandestablishafamilyandeducateyourownchildren.Fromasingleconsumerofsocietytoaqualifiedbuilderofsociety,Producer.
Thephilosophicalessenceofemotion:emotionisasubjectivereflectionofthevaluerelationshipofthehumansubjecttoobjectivethings.
Tunneilmaisun malli
Accordingtothedifferentvaluegoals,thehumanemotionalexpressionmodelcanbedividedintofourtypes:objectemotion,humanemotion,selfemotion,andspecialthingemotion.Bigcategory.
Tunteet esineille
Thevalueofgeneralthingstopeople(strictlyspeaking,itshouldbethevaluerate)isavariable,andithastwowaysofchange:Oneistheincreaseinvalue(includingtheincreaseinpositivevalueorthedecreaseinnegativevalue);thesecondisthedecreaseinvalue(includingthedecreaseinpositivevalueortheincreaseinnegativevalue).Accordingtothedifferentchangingmodesandchangingtensesofthevalueofthings,theemotionsofthingscanbedividedintoeightspecificforms,asshowninthefollowingtable:
时Changeinstatus\Changeinvalue | Kasvata arvoa | Vähennä arvoa |
Mennyt | Asuinpaikka | Väsynyt |
Valmistunut menneisyydessä | tyytyväinen | pettynyt |
Nyt | onnellinen | kipu |
tulevaisuudessa | ennakoiva | Ahdistus |
Tunteet ihmiset
Emotionstowardsothersarenotonlyrelatedtothechangingwaysandchangingtensesofothers'values,butalsorelatedtotherelevanceofotherpeople'sinterests.Accordingtothedifferentwaysofchangingotherpeople'svalues,changingtensesandinterestrelevance,emotionstowardspeoplecanbedividedintosixteenspecificforms,asshowninthefollowingtable:
Kiinnostukseen liittyvä | Kiinnostukseen liittyvä | Kiinnostukseen liittyvä | ||
Lisääntyä | Vähennä | Lisääntyä | Vähentää | |
Mennyt | Muistelu | Anteeksi | Onko kaunaa | Halveksuntaa |
Valmistunut menneisyydessä | Ihailla | Pettynyt | Mustasukkainen | Onnekas |
Nyt | Tyytyväisyys | Ahdistunut | Mustasukkainen | Quickcomfort |
Tulevaisuudessa | Luottamus | Huoli | Syy | Nauraa |
Tunteet itseään kohtaan
People'sfeelingstowardsoneselfdependonthewayandtenseoftheirownvaluechanges.Accordingtothedifferentwaysandtensesofone'sownvalue,feelingstowardsoneselfcanbedividedintoeightspecificforms,asshowninthefollowingtable:
时Changeinstatus\Changeinvalue | Kasvata arvoa | Vähennä arvoa |
Mennyt | Ylpeä | Häpeän |
Valmistunut menneisyydessä | Ylpeä | itsensä syyllistäminen |
Nyt | Onnellinen | Hämmentynyt |
Tulevaisuus | Luottamus | Alemmuuskompleksi |
Tunteet asioita
Somethingshaveaspecialvaluemeaning,whichtriggersaspecialemotioninpeople.
Tunnekehitys
Darwinbelievesthatthestateofthehumanorganismandthedevelopmentofthebiologicalorganismareacontinuousevolutionaryprocess,whichismanifestedinthecontinuousdifferentiationandincreaseofbiologicalspecies,andthecontinuouscomplexityofcellstructure.Theorganizationfunctioniscontinuouslydeepenedandstrengthened.Thedevelopmentofhumanemotionsmustalsobeaprocessofcontinuousevolution,whichismanifestedinthecontinuousdifferentiationandincreaseofemotionalexpressions,thecontinuouscomplexandorderlystructureofemotions,andthecontinuousevolutionandstrengtheningofemotionalbehavior-drivenfunctions.Applyingthebasicideasofdialecticalmaterialismandevolutiontothefieldofemotionsformsthescientifictheoryofemotionevolution.Establishingascientifictheoryofemotionalevolutionhasveryimportanttheoreticalsignificanceforexploringthelogicalstructureandoperatingmechanismofemotions,realizingscientificemotionalcalculations,anddevelopingtrueemotionalrobots.
Sinceemotionisasubjectivereflectionofhumanvaluerelationships,theevolutionofemotionsfundamentallyoriginatesfromtheevolutionofvaluerelationships,thatis,theevolutionofhumanvaluerelationshipspromotestheevolutionofhumanemotions.Thedevelopmentprocessincludesbothslowquantitativechangesandrapidqualitativechanges.Itisalong,tortuous,natural,hierarchical,andphasedevolutionaryprocess.Thenthedevelopmentprocessofhumanemotionsmustalsohavebothslowquantitativechangesandrapidchanges.Thequalitativechangeisalsoalong,tortuous,natural,hierarchical,andstagedevolutionaryprocess.Itisunscientificandidealtoregardemotionsastheuniquenessofhumanbeings.Itisalsomechanicalanddogmatictodivideemotionsintoinstinctiveemotionsandactiveemotions.
Theunifiedtheoryofvaluebelievesthattheevolutionprocessofhumanvaluerelationshipscanbedividedintofivebasicstages:single-factorvalue,multi-factorvalue,variablevalue,diversityvalue,andmulti-layeredvalue.Correspondingly,hisemotionshaveundergonefivestagesofnaturalevolution.
1. Tendencyemotion
2. Rigidemotion
3.Elasticemotion
4. Älyllinen tunne
5. Perustelut
Itcanbeseenthattheformationanddevelopmentofemotionsisthesameastheformationanddevelopmentoforganisms.Itisagradualevolutionaryprocess,anditsdevelopmentdirectionisexpressedasmoreandmoreformsofemotions.Thelevelisgettinghigherandhigher,theflexibilityisgettingstronger,theaccuracyisgettinghigherandbetter,andtheforesightisgettingbetterandbetter.Peoplecanadjusttheiremotionalresponsesinatimely,flexibleandaccuratemanneraccordingtovariouscomplexvaluerelationships.Direction,size,formandlevel,soastoaccuratelyguideone'sownbehaviorandthoughts.
Thedevelopmentdirectionofemotionevolutioncanalsobeexpressedasthecontinuousdifferentiationandintegrationofemotionandcognition:inthestageoftropism,cognitionandemotionarecompletelymixed;inthestageofrigidemotion,cognitionandemotionStillmixedtogether,butthereisatendencytograduallyseparate;intheflexibleemotionalstage,cognitionandemotionarefurtherseparated;intheintellectualemotionalstage,cognitionandemotioncandevelopindependently;intherationalemotionalstage,cognitionandemotioncannotonlybeindependentDevelopment,andnewintegrationcanbecarriedout.
Inanycase,emotionisthesubjectivereflectionofthehumanbrainonthevaluerelationship,andthedevelopmentdirectionofemotionalevolutiondependsfundamentallyonthedevelopmentdirectionofthevaluerelationship.
Emotionaalinen intensiteetti
Emotionisaspecialsubjectivereflection.Theprocessofitsoccurrenceisactuallythephysiologicalprocessofthehumanbrain’sstimulationandperceptionofthevaluecharacteristicsofthings.Itisdifferentfromthegeneralmeaning.Thedifferencebetweenstimulationandthephysiologicalprocessoffeelingisthatthestimulussignalisnotthephysicalorchemicalcharacteristicsofthings,butthevaluecharacteristicsofthings,specificallythe"valueratedifference"ofthings(thatis,thevaluerateofthingsandtheaverageofthesubjectThedifferenceinvaluerate).Thiskindofstimulussignalisoftenanabstractandcompoundrelationalsignal.Itcanbeacombinationofphysicalandchemicalsignalssuchascolor,shape,volume,weight,sound,andimage,orthefirstcomposedoflanguageandtext.Two-signalsystem.Thesecompositesignalsrepresentthevaluecharacteristicsofthings,ratherthansomephysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofthings.Whenthevaluecharacteristicsofthingsactorareabouttoactonpeople,thehumanbrainwillfeelitwithacertainemotionalintensity.
Emotionaaliset tarpeet
Fromtheperspectiveofthelevelofneeds,emotionsarealsoaneedforpeople.Thisneedisalsodividedintothreestages:
FirstStages:theneedforfoodandclothing.Atthisstage,people’semotionalneedsareastateofdesireforcommunicationandrecognition;thisemotionisstrongestwhenpeoplearehelplessandwhentheyareincontactwithanewenvironment.
Thesecondstage:socialneeds.Asanindividualinsociety,apersonhashissocialcircle.Whenhecommunicateswiththeoutsideworld,itisakindofemotionalrelease.ThisreleaseisWhentheoutsideworldgivesaffirmation,theemotionispositive,themoodisgood,andviceversa.
Thethirdstage:therealizationofself-needs.Atthisstage,peoplebasicallycontroltheiremotions.Whydoyousaythisisbecausetheyhaveadeeperunderstandingofemotionsandhelpothersonthebasisofthisunderstanding.Peopletrytobalancesomeoftheproblemsthatshouldariseduetoemotions.Forexample:psychologists,etc.
Emotionscanbedividedintothreestagesintermsofdemand,butthesethreestagesarechangedatanytimeaccordingtotheexternalconditionsandyourowncultivationandothernecessaryfactors,inotherwordsApersonmaybeinoneormorestagesofemotionalneedsindifferenttimesandspaces.Regardlessofstatus,richorpoor,eachperson'semotionswillnotbethesamebecauseofdifferentneeds.
EmotionalPolarity
Insocialinteraction,emotionsarepolarized.Goodemotionsmakepeopleonnellinen,andbademotionscanharmpeople.Peoplewanttoexpressorfeelgoodemotions,andmakepeopleproducegoodemotions.Therearethefollowingfactors:
1.Itisnormalforpeopleinsocialinteractionstolikepeoplenearby
2.HyväPersoonallisuusvoi saada ihmiset tuntemaan olonsa hyväksi.
3. Hyvännäköisistä ihmisistä muut pitivät
4. Ihmiset, joilla on samanlainen maku, saavat molemmat osapuolet tuntemaan olonsa hyväksi.
5.Haveagoodimpressiononpeoplewhohighlyvaluethemselves
Tunteellinen motto: kiinalainen ja englantilainen versio
En myöskään voi olla ystäväsi ja imartelijasi.
Ystävät eivät voi olla imarreltu.
Jos hän pettää kerran, häpeä häntä, jos hän pettää kahdesti, häpeä minua.
Jos hän pettää kerran, häpeä häntä, jos hän pettää kahdesti, häpeä minua.
Jos pidät itsestäsi fantastinen, älä valita, jos ihmiset pitävät sinua.
Ihmisiä on hyvä pettää ja maistaa.
Jos korvasi hehkuu, joku puhuu sinusta.
Jos korvasi hehkuu, joku puhuu sinusta.
ThecontentofBaiduEncyclopediaisco-editedbynetizens.Ifyoufindthatthecontentofyourentryisinaccurateorimperfect,welcometousemyentryeditingservice(free)toparticipateinthecorrection.Gonow>>