Johdanto yleiskatsaus
Mikä on verkkotunnus
Rekisteröintiofdomainnamesfollowstheprincipleofapplyingfirst,registeringfirst,andmanageswhetherthedomainnameproposedbythecertificationauthorityagainsttheapplicantviolatesathirdpartyTherightnottoconductanysubstantiveexamination.TheregistrationofeachdomainnameintheCDCdatabaseisuniqueandnon-repeatable.Therefore,thedomainnameontheInternetisarelativelylimitedresource,anditsvaluewillgraduallybevaluedbypeopleasthenumberofregisteredenterprisesincreases.
Intheneweconomicenvironment,thecommercialsignificanceofdomainnamesisfargreaterthanitstechnicalsignificance,andithasbecomeanimportantmeansforenterprisestoparticipateininternationalmarketcompetitionundernewscientificandtechnologicalconditions.ItnotonlyrepresentsTheuniquepositionofanenterpriseontheInternetisalsoacomprehensivemanifestationofitsproducts,servicescope,image,andgoodwill,andisapartofitsintangibleassets.Atthesametime,thedomainnameisalsoanintellectualachievement.
Intheearlystageofdomainnameregistration,manydomainnameswerenotregisteredinrealtime.Directlysubmittingdomainnameregistrationqueriesarereal-timesettlementandreal-timeregistrationissuccessful.Thisreal-timenatureismainlytodealwiththeincreasinglyseriousphenomenonofdomainnamecybersquatting.Theownerofthedomainnameregistrationisbasedontheinformationthatthedomainnameregistrationsubmitterfillsinthedomainnameorder.Aftersuccessful24hours,youcanquerythewhoisinformationattheinternational(ICANN)anddomestic(CNNIC)managementagencies(whoisinformationisthedomainnameownerAndotherinformation).
Domainnamehistory
Usinganame,thenumericaddressofahostonacomputernetwork,asimpleandmemorableabstractapproachcanbetracedbacktotheeraofARPANET,Beforetheadventoftoday'scommercialInternet.Intheearlydaysofthenetwork,eachcomputeronthenetworkretrievedthehostfile(host.txt)fromacomputerinSociallyResponsibleInvestment(SRIInternational).Itmapsthehostnameofthecomputerwithanumericaddress.Withtherapidgrowthofthenetwork,itisimpossibletomaintainacentrallyorganizedhostnameregistry,theARPANEToftheDomainNameSystemin1983,RFC882andRFC883issuedbytheInternetEngineeringTaskForce.
Domainname,creationtime,scopeofuseddescription
.top:Soveltuu kaikkiin yrityksiinAndpersonal,Englanninkieliset sanat,yksinkertainen ja helpostimuistettavissa,merkitsevä "korkea,huipputaso",parantaa tuotemerkin arvoa,onensisijainen verkkotunnus yrityksen verkkosivuston rakentamiseen ja Internet-sovelluksiin.
.xyz:Asthelastthreelettersofthealphabet,themeaningofthecombinationisflexibleandtherearenorestrictions.Anycompanyorindividualcanregisterfortheendof.XYZdomainname.
.com-forcommercialorganizations,butthemostcommonlyusedwithoutlimitation,isfamiliarandusedbymostpeople
.net-January1985,originallyusedbynetworkserviceproviders,norestrictionsnow
.org-January1985,originallyusedbyothergTLDtypesOrganizationaluse,norestrictionsnow
.edu/.gov/.mil-January1985,forU.S.educationalinstitutions/U.S.governmentagencies/U.S.militaryagencies.
Rekisteröinti
1.ItcancontainEnglishletters(az,case-insensitive),numbers(0-9),andthehalf-widthconnector"-"(thatis,thehorizontalline),spacesandspecialcharacters(suchas!,$,&,?,etc.)cannotbeused;2,"-"cannotappearconsecutively,cannotberegisteredseparately,andcannotbeplacedatthebeginningorend;3,upto63characterscanberegistered.
tila
Domainnamesareoftencomparedtorealestate.Onthebasisofthisdomainname,youcanbuildawebsite(suchasresidentialorcommercialbuildings)andthehighest"quality"domainname,likeasought-afterrealestate.Theytendtocarrysignificantvalue,usuallyduetotheirpotentialforonlinebrandbuilding,usedinadvertising,searchengineoptimization,andmanyothercriteria.Thereareseveralcompaniesthatprovidelow-cost,low-costorevenfreedomainnameregistrationwithvariousmodelstorecovercostsfromsuppliers.Theseusuallyrequireadomain,withinaframeworkhostedontheirwebsiteoraportalsite,includingadvertisingaroundthecontentofthedomainnameholder,therevenueallowstheprovidertorecoverthecost.
Hallintovirasto
Kansainvälinen verkkotunnus
Themostcommondomainname.)TheInternetCorporationforAssignedNamesandNumbersisanon-profitinternationalorganizationestablishedinOctober1998.Itisanon-profitinternationalorganizationthatgathersexpertsinthebusiness,technology,andacademicfieldsoftheglobalnetworkcommunity.ItisresponsiblefortheInternetProtocol(IP)addressspaceallocation,protocolidentifierassignment,gTLDandnationalandregionaltop-leveldomain(ccTLD)systemmanagement,androotserversystemmanagement.TheseserviceswereinitiallyprovidedbytheInternetAssignedNumbersAuthority(IANA)andotherorganizationsunderaUSgovernmentcontract.ICANNperformsthefunctionsofIANA.
ButICANNisnotresponsiblefordomainnameregistration.ICANNonlymanagesitsauthorizeddomainnameregistrars.ThereisalsoaVerisigncompanybetweenICANNandtheregistrar.TheregistrarisequivalenttowholesaledomainnamesfromVerisign.TheorganizationthatmanagestheregistrarisICANN.
ominaisuudet
TheareaincludestheNationalBureauofLettersandCallswiththecorrespondingstandardISO3166-1countrycode.Onthecontrary,theyaretheonlytop-leveldomainname,consistingoftwoletters.
TheresponsibilityoftheInternetNumberAssignmentAgency(IANA)forthecreationandmanagementofnationaldomainnamedelegations.IANA'sInternetCorporationforAssignedNamesandNumbers(ICANN)isanintegralpartofthehighestauthoritythatregulatestheInternet.
Kiinalainen verkkotunnus
CNNICisthemanagementagencyofCNNICdomainname.CNNICauthorizedregistrar.ThereisnocompanylikeVerisignbetweenCNNICandregistrar.TheregistrarisdirectlyfromCNNIC.Wholesaledomainnames.
YleinenTop-Level
Thereare8generictop-leveldomains,whicharenowcommonlyreferredtoasinternationaldomainnames.SincetheInternetwasoriginallyoriginatedintheUnitedStates,theearliestdomainnamesdidnothaveacountrylogo.Peopledividedthemintoseveralcategoriesaccordingtotheiruses.Theyendedwithdifferentsuffixes:.com(forcommercialcompanies);.top(Forcommercialcompanies);.net(usedfornetworkservices);.org(usedtoorganizeassociations,etc.);.gov(usedforgovernmentdepartments);.edu( usedforeducationalinstitutions);.mil(usedformilitaryapplications));.int(forinternationalorganizations).TheoriginaldomainnamesystemwasalsomainlyusedbytheUnitedStates.Therefore,Americancompanies,institutions,governmentdepartments,etc.used"internationaldomainnames".WiththedevelopmentoftheInternettotheworld,.edu,.gov,and.milaregenerallyonlyusedbytheUnitedStates.Inadditiontoexclusiveuse,theotherfourcommonlyuseddomainnames.com ,.top,.org ja.net ovat yleistyneet. Siksi tämän tyyppistä verkkotunnusta kutsutaan yleensä "kansainväliseksi verkkotunnukseksi" ja sitä käytetään edelleen maissa ympäri maailmaa.
Maantieteellinen ylätason verkkotunnus
Maantieteellinen ylätason verkkotunnusnamehasatotalof243countryandregioncodes.Forexample,.CNrepresentsChinaand.UKrepresentstheUnitedKingdom.Inthisway,thedomainnamewiththesuffixof.CNiscalled"domesticdomainname"accordingly.Similartothesuffixnamingofinternationaldomainnames,second-leveldomainswithdifferentmeaningsarealsosetupunderthe.cntop-leveldomainname,mainlyincludingcategorydomainsandadministrativeregions.Thisiswhatisusuallycalledasecond-leveldomainname:itcanbein.com,cnor.net,cnandothersecond-leveldomainnamesregisteredatthethirdlevel,thethird-leveldomainnamescanbedividedintotwocategories:categorydomainnamesandadministrativedivisiondomainnames.Categorydomainnamesareclassifiedaccordingtothenatureoftheapplicantorganization,including:ACscientificresearchinstitutions,COMindustrial,commercial,financialandotherenterprises,EDUeducationalinstitutions,GOVgovernmentdepartments,NETInternet,andaccessnetworkinformationcenter(NIC)AndOperationCenter(NOC)),ORGandvariousnon-profitorganizations.
Verkkotunnuksen taso
Verkkotunnukset voidaan jakaa eri tasoihin, mukaan lukien ylätason verkkotunnusten nimet, toisen tason verkkotunnusnimet, kolmannen tason verkkotunnusnimet ja maakoodiverkkotunnukset.
Ylimmän tason verkkotunnuksia
Ylätason verkkotunnusnimet on jaettu kahteen luokkaan
Yksikansallinen ylätason verkkotunnus (nTLD), jossa on yli 200 maataKaikille on määritetty ylätason verkkotunnusnimiISO3166-maakoodien mukaisesti.Esimerkki,Chinaiscn, UnitedStatesisus,Japanisjp jne.;
Thesecondisinternationaltop-leveldomainnames(iTDs),forexample,.Comand.topofindustrialandcommercialenterprisesindicate.netofnetworkprovidersand.orgofnon-profitorganizations.Mostdomainnamedisputesoccurunderthetop-leveldomainofcom,becausemostcompaniesgoonlineforprofit.Inordertostrengthendomainnamemanagementandresolvetheshortageofdomainnameresources,internationalorganizationssuchastheInternetAssociation,theInternetSub-addressingAgencyandtheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(WIPO)havenegotiatedextensivelytobuildontheoriginalthreeinternationalgenerictop-leveldomains:(com).Added7internationalgenerictop-leveldomains:firm(companyenterprises),store(salescompaniesorenterprises),Web(unitshighlightingWWWactivities),arts(unitshighlightingculturalandentertainmentactivities),rec(highlightingpastimesandentertainmentactivities)Theunit),info(unitsthatprovideinformationservices),nom(individuals),andselectnewregistrarsaroundtheworldtoacceptdomainnameregistrationapplications.
Toisen tason verkkotunnus
Toisen tason verkkotunnuksen nimi viittaa verkkotunnuksen ylätason verkkotunnuksen alla.Kansainvälisen ylätason verkkotunnuksen alla se viittaa verkkotunnuksen verkkotunnuksen rekisteröijän verkkonimeen, kuten sibm, yahoo, Microsoft, jne.; kansallisen ylätason verkkotunnuksen alla on symboli, joka edustaa verkkotunnusta.
Thetop-leveldomainnameofficiallyregisteredandoperatedbymycountryintheInternationalInternetNetworkInformationCenter(InterNIC)isCN,whichisalsomycountry'sfirst-leveldomainname.Underthetop-leveldomainnames,mycountry'ssecond-leveldomainnamesaredividedintocategorydomainnamesandadministrativeregionnames.Thereare6categorydomainnames,includingacforscientificresearchinstitutions;comandtopforindustrialandcommercialfinancialenterprises;eduforeducationalinstitutions;govforgovernmentdepartments;netforInternetInformationCenterandOperationCenter;Orgfornon-profitorganizations.Thereare34administrativeregions,correspondingtoprovinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesinmycountry.
Kolmannen tason verkkotunnus
Thethird-leveldomainnameiscomposedofletters(A～Z,a～z,uppercaseandlowercase,etc.),numbers(0～9)andhyphens(-),Thedomainnamesatalllevelsareconnectedbyarealdot(.),andthelengthofthethird-leveldomainnamecannotexceed20characters.Ifthereisnospecialreason,itisrecommendedtousetheapplicant'sEnglishname(orabbreviation)orChinesePinyinname(orabbreviation) Kolmannen tason verkkotunnuksen nimisäilyttääkseenverkkotunnuksen selkeyden ja tiiviyden.
Maatunnus
Maatunnustop-leveldomainnamesconsistingoftwoletterssuchas.cn,.uk,.deand.jparecalledcountrycodetop-leveldomains(ccTLDs),where.cnisatop-leveldomainnamededicatedtoChina,anditsregistrationismanagedbyCNNIC.Thesecond-leveldomainnamesendingin.cnarereferredtoasdomesticdomainnamesforshort.Therulesandpoliciesforregisteringsecond-leveldomainnamesundercountrycodetop-leveldomainsarerelatedtothepoliciesofdifferentcountries.Whenregistering,youshouldconsultthedomainnameregistrarandaskabouttherelevantregistrationconditionsandregistration-relatedterms.Inadditiontoprovidingregistrationservicesfordomainnamesendingin.com,.top,.netand.org,somedomainnameregistrarsalsoprovidetheregistrationofcountrycodetop-leveldomainnames.ICANNdoesnotspecificallyauthorizeregistrarstoprovideregistrationservicesforcountrycodetop-leveldomains.
Sovellusvaiheet
1.Prepareapplicationmaterials:comdomainnamedoesnotneedtoprovideIDcard,businesslicenseandothermaterials,cndomainnameisopenforindividualapplicationregistration,soyouneedtoprovideIDcardorbusinesslicense.
2.Findadomainnameregistrationwebsite,andrecommendGuguInternet.Sincedifferentsuffixessuchas.comand.cndomainnamesaremanagedbydifferentregistries,ifyouwanttoregisterdomainnameswithdifferentsuffixes,youneedtogetfromtheregistryLookfortop-leveldomainnameregistrarsauthorizedbyit.Forexample,themanagementagencyofthecomdomainnameisICANN,andthemanagementagencyofthecndomainnameisCNNIC(ChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenter).IftheregistrarhaspassedthedualauthenticationofICANNandCNNIC,thereisnoneedtoapplyfordomainnamesfromotherregistrars.
3.Querydomainname:Afterthedomainnameregistrationquerywebsiteregisteredusernameissuccessful,andquerythedomainname,selectthedomainnameyouwanttoregister,andclickregister.
4.Formalapplication:Afterfindingthedomainnameyouwanttoregister,andconfirmingthatthedomainnameisinanapplicablestate,submittheregistrationandpaytheannualfee.
5.Theapplicationissuccessful:Aftertheformalapplicationissuccessful,youcanstarttoenterDNSresolutionmanagement,setresolutionrecordsandotheroperations.
Nimeämissäännöt
COMverkkotunnukset
BecausealllevelsofdomainnamesontheInternetaremanagedbydifferentinstitutions,thewaysinwhicheachinstitutionmanagesdomainnamesanddomainnamesThenamingrulesarealsodifferent.However,therearesomecommonrulesforthenamingofdomainnames,mainlyasfollows:
First,thedomainnamecanonlycontainthefollowingcharacters:
1,26 englanninkielistä kirjainta: A-Z
2",0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9" kymmenen numeroa
3"-"(konjunktio englanniksi)
2.Verkkotunnuksen merkkien yhdistelmäsäännöt:
1.Verkkotunnuksessa englanninkielisten kirjainten tapausta ei eroteta.
2.ForadomainnameTherearecertainrestrictionsonthelengthofthe
CNdomainname
1.Noudata kaikkia yleisiä verkkotunnusten nimeämissääntöjä.
Two.Intheearlydays,cndomainnamescouldonlyberegisteredforthird-leveldomainnames.StartingfromDecember2002,CNNICopenedtheregistrationofsecond-leveldomainnamesunderdomestic.cndomainnames,allowingdirectregistrationofdomainnamesunder.CN.
3.NewlyregisteredCNdomainnamesafter9o'clockonDecember14,2009needtosubmitreal-nameregistrationmaterials(relevantcertificatesoftheregisteredorganizationandtheregisteredcontactperson).
Four,Namesthatmaynotbeusedorrestricted,andrequiredmaterials
1.Rekisteröinti sisältää "KIINA", "KIINA", "CN", verkkotunnukset, joissa on sanat "KANSALLINEN" on oltava asianomaisten kansallisten osastojen virallisesti hyväksymiä (viittaen ministeriötason yksiköihin).
2.Thenamesofothercountriesorregions,foreigngeographicalnames,andinternationalorganizationnamesknowntothepublicshallnotbeused.
3.Thefullnameorabbreviationoftheadministrativedivisionnameatorabovethecountylevel(includingthecountylevel),theregistrationmustbeformallyapprovedbytherelevantpeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevel(includingthecountylevel).
4.Industrynamesorcommonnamesofcommoditiesshallnotbeused.
5.EnterprisenamesorbrandnamesthathavebeenregisteredinChinabyothersmustnotbeused.
6.Maalle, yhteiskunnalle tai yleiselle edulle haitallisia nimiä ei saa käyttää.
Materialdescription:Approvedformallybyrelevantstatedepartments(referringtounitsatorabovetheministeriallevel)andformallyapprovedbytherelevantpeople'sgovernmentsatorabovethecountylevel(includingcountylevel)meansthattherelevantagenciesmustissuewrittendocumentstoexpresstheirconsentXXXXTheorganizationregisterstheXXXdomainname.
Liittyviä tietoja
Domainnamereview-tilanne
Thedomainnameyouhaveregisteredmustmeetthefollowingrequirementsinordertopassthereview:(1)Thedomainnamemustmeet"ChinaInternetDomainNameManagementMeasures"(OrderNo.30oftheMinistryofInformationIndustry);(2)domainnameregistrationinformationmustmeettherequirementsofauthenticity,accuracyandcompleteness,andbeabletopassthedataverificationofthenationalauthority;(3)applicationmaterialsItmustmatchtheregistrationinformationinthe"WHOISQuery"system.Theregularreviewtimeis5workingdaysfromthetimethedomainnameissubmittedonline.First,theregistrarconductsapreliminaryreviewofthedomainnameregistrationinformationandmaterials.Afterthedomainnamehasbeenreviewedbytheregistrar,theregistrarwillsubmittheapplicationmaterialstoourcenter,andourcenterwillreviewthedomainnameregistrationinformationandmaterials.Youcanfollowtheprogressandstatusofyourdomainnamereviewthroughtheregistereddomainnameusercenterorthroughtheregistrartowhichthedomainbelongs.
StatusQuoofDomainNames
Inordertoimprovetheauthenticity,accuracyandcompletenessofdomainnameregistrationinformation,andtofurtherstrengthenthereviewofdomainnameregistrationinformation,CNNICissuedanoticeontheeveningofDecember11,2009：
1.Whensubmittinganonlinedomainnameregistrationapplicationtoadomainnameregistrar,usersshouldsubmitwrittenapplicationmaterials.Theapplicationmaterialsincludethedomainnameregistrationapplicationform(original)withofficialseal,businesslicenseororganizationcodecertificate(copy),andidentitycertificateoftheregisteredcontactperson(copy).
2.Thedomainnameregistrarshouldcarefullyreviewthewrittenapplicationmaterialssubmittedbyusers,andafterpassingthereview,submitthewrittenapplicationmaterialstoourcenterbyfaxoremail,andretainthewrittenapplicationmaterials.
3.IfCNNIChasnotreceivedthewrittenapplicationmaterialswithin5daysfromthedateofsubmittingtheonlineapplicationforthedomainnameorthedomainnameapplicationmaterialsdonotmeettherequirements,thedomainnamewillbecancelled.
4.Theaboverequirementswillbeimplementedat9amonDecember14,2009.
5.The.CNdomainnamewillstartat0:00onMay29,2012.Anynaturalpersonororganizationthatcanindependentlybearcivilliabilitycanapplyfortheregistrationofadomainnameunderthetop-leveldomainnamespecifiedintheserules,thatis,domainnameThesubjectofregistrationisextendedtonaturalpersons.
Varotoimenpiteet
Afterthedomainnameregistrationiscompleted,whatshoulduserspayattentionto?
InordertoensurethatdomainnameholderslegallyholdthedomainnameandlegitimatelycarryoutthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofInternetapplications,remindyoutopayattentiontothechangesofdomainnameinformationafterregistrationtoensurethatthedomainnameregistrationinformationistrue,accurateandcomplete.
1.Checkwhethertheregistrationinformationofdomainnameregistrationiscorrectthroughthe"WHOISquery"systemofourcenterwebsiteorthewebsiteofregistrar;
2,iftheregistrationinformationchanges,suchastheregistrant,Theregistrant’scontactperson,contactinformation,etc.,shallpromptlynotifythedomainnameregistrartomakechangestoensurethevalidityofthedomainnameregistrationinformation;
3.Thepasswordisusedasavalididentifierforthedomainnamebusiness,pleaseYoushouldkeepproperlythemanagementpasswordprovidedtoyoubytheregistrarforthemanagementandmaintenanceofthedomainnameandthetransferpasswordforchangingtheregistrar;
4.Keepintouchwithyourregistrar,Toensurethatitcanberenewedontimethroughtheregistrar;
Accordingtothe"ChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenterDomainNameRekisteröintiImplementationRules",theexpirationdateofthedomainnameeachyearisthesameastheapplicationdate.Therenewalconfirmationperiodis30daysafterthedomainnameexpires.Ifyouindicateinwritingnottorenewthefeewithintheabove-mentionedperiod,thedomainnameregistrarhastherighttocancelthedomainnameafter30days;ifyoudonotindicateinwritingthatitwillnotreneworrenewthefeewithintheabove-mentionedperiod,thedomainnameregistrarhastherighttoexpireattheendoftheabove-mentionedperiodThedomainnamewascancelledontheday.
Verkkotunnuksen rooli
Domainnameisthewayforthenetnametoaccessthewebsite,andtheKiinalainen verkkotunnusisthedomainnameexpressedinChinese.FromthebirthoftheInternetuntilnotlongago,ithasbeentheeraofEnglishdomainnames.However,Chinesepeoplestillhavetheirowntypinghabits.Inthepast,mostofthecompany’swebsitesweredirectlyaccessedorsearchedintheBaidusearchbox.Thelatterneededtoenterthecorporatewebsite.VisitBaidu.
DomainNames-määrä
Inthethirdquarterof2012,thenumberofglobalInternetdomainnameregistrationsincreasedbymorethan5million;asofSeptember30,2012,alltop-leveldomains(Top-LevelDomains)Thetotalnumberofdomainnameregistrationsexceeds246million.Inthethirdquarterof2012,thenumberofnewdomainnamesworldwidewas5.7million,anincreaseof2.4%comparedtothesecondquarterof2012.ThismarkedtheseventhconsecutivequarterofglobalInternetdomainnameregistrationgrowthratesthatexceeded2%.Sincethethirdquarterof2011,thenumberofglobaldomainnameregistrationshasincreasedby26.4million,anincreaseof12%.
Atthesametime,thisquarter,thetop-leveldomains.comand.netachievedoverallgrowth.Thetotalnumberofthelatest.comand.netregistereddomainnamestotalednearly119.9million,anincreasefromthesecondquarterof20121%,anincreaseof7.1%comparedtothesameperiod.AsofSeptember30,2012,thetotalnumberof.comdomainnameregistrationswas105million,andthetotalnumberof.netdomainnameregistrationswas14.9million.
Usein Kysytyt Kysymykset
DomainNameIdentification
Theconceptofdomainnameowneranddomainnamemanagementcontactisdifferent.InthedomainnameWHOISsearchresultsprovidedbyanyfirst-levelregistrar,thefirstitemisRegistrant,whichisthedomainnameregistrantandthedomainnameowner.Theseconditemisdomainnamemanagementcontacts,followedbydomainnametechnologyandpaidcontacts.Thedomainnameownercanrequesttofillinthesecontactsashimselfwhenregistering,andleavehise-mailaddress.Butthishasleftahiddendangertosecurity.Thereasonisasfollows:thedomainnameownercanapplyformodificationoftheregistrationinformationexceptthedomainnameitselfandthedomainnameownerthroughthedomainnamemanagementcontactortechnicalcontact.Onwhatbasisdoesthefirst-leveldomainnameregistrarjudgewhetheramodificationapplicationisgenuineorfromthedomainnameowner?Thecriterionforjudgingiswhethertheemailaddressoftherequestisconsistentwiththeemailaddressofthedomainnamemanagementcontactintheregistrationinformation.Becauseofforgery,thismethodistheleastreliable.Inordertoimprovesecurity,NSIandothersadvocateuserstoadoptPGPencryption,thatis,itrequiresrelevantcontactstosendtheirpublickeytoNSIinadvance,andthenelectronicallysigneachmessagetoshowtheauthenticity.InviewofthefactthatmostdomainnameregistrantsinChinaarenotfamiliarwithPGPorotherpasswordencryption,andmostKiinalainen verkkotunnusconsumersarenotgoodatforeignlanguages,theyarecontactedbyInternetcompaniesinthemiddle,eliminatingtheircommunicationbarriers.Ifyouwanttochangethedomainnamemanagementcontacttoyourself,itisalsopossible.
Tehokas aika
Fortheonlinepre-registeredinternationaldomainname,theregistrarcantakeeffectafterreceivingtheregistrationfeeorfaxpaymentvoucherandconfirmingit,butafteryoupre-registeronlineDuringyourpaymentperiod,thedomainnameyouselectedmayberegisteredsuccessfullybyotherregistrars,soitisrecommendedthatyoupayassoonaspossibletoavoidlosingyourvaluabledomainname.
Toiminto
EachcomputerhasoneormoredigitaladdressesusedtomarkthelocationofthecomputerontheInternet,calledIPaddresses.Thiskindofpositioningsystemismoreboringanddifficultforhumanstoremember.Ifyouhaveadomainname,youdon'tneedtoremembertheIPaddress.
DNS
Domainnameserver(DNS)isusedtotranslatedomainnamesintoIPaddressesthatcomputerscanrecognize.Forexample,ifsomeonewantstovisitthewebsiteof"SpaceDomainNameNetwork,TaijiNetwork",DNSwilltranslatethedomainnameintoanIPaddress.Thismakesiteasyforthecomputertofindthewebserveroftheownerofthedomainname.Therefore,youcanalsobindthedomainnametothevirtualhostyouappliedfortoaccessyourwebsitenormally.
Verkkotunnuksen hallintaoikeudet
ICANNcomprehensivelymanagesDNS.Itcontrolstherootdomainandthendelegatestop-leveldomainstodomainnameregistries.SuchasccTLDsregistryItisthecorrespondingcountry.ICANNactsasacoordinatingconsultantfortheseregistries,butdoesnotparticipateindomainnameassignments,registrationspecificbylawsandotherregulations.Ontheotherhand,gTLDsaredirectlymanagedbyICANN,whichmeansthatalltermsandconditionsarejointlyformulatedbyICANNandvariousgTLDsregistries.
Becausetheleaseddomainnamehasanimportantinfluenceononlinebrandbuilding,advertising,searchengineoptimization,etc.,itcanberegardedasavirtualrealasset.
TheICANNParisAnnualMeetingpassedanimportantresolutiontorecognizeChineseastheInternet'stop-leveldomaincharacters.".中国"iswrittenintotheglobalrootdomainnamesystem.Thismeansthatnon-Englishdomainnamesuffixessuchas".中国"willappearontheInternetforthefirsttime,andKiinalainen verkkotunnusswillbeformallyintegratedintotheInternetasanationalsymbolofChinesecultureontheInternet.Thewritingof".中国"intotheglobalrootdomainnamesystemmeans:obtainingthesupportofmainstreambrowserapplicationsandrealizingdirectbrowseraccess.
Liittyvät toiminnot
DomainNameSystem
ThedomainnamesystemisacoreserviceoftheInternet,whichservesasadistributeddatabasethatcanmapdomainnamesandIPaddressestoeachother,CanmakepeoplemoreconvenienttovisittheInternet,withouthavingtoremembertheIPnumberstringthatcanbedirectlyreadbythemachine.
Poistojakso
1.Theinternationaldomainnamecanbesubmittedforrenewalwithin30daysofexpiration,butitisnotguaranteed;30-60daysaftertheexpirationistheredemptionperiod(redemptionPeriod)canberedeemedThefeeisredeemed,butthereisnoguaranteeofsuccess.60-75daysaftertheexpirationisthependingDeletestatus,whichcanonlybere-registeredafterwaitingfordeletion.
2.Iftheinternationaldomainnameenterstheredemptionperiod(REDEMPTIONPERIOD)aftertheexpiration,youcanonlychoosetoredeemitorwaitforthedomainnametobereleasedandthenre-register.
Kotimaan ylätason verkkotunnusten (suchas.cn) poistamista, uusimista ja lunastusta koskevat säännöt rekisteröinnin vanhentuessa:
AccordingtotheChinaInternetNetworkInformationCenter(CNNIC),startingfromDecember20,2007,therenewalrulesofCNEnglishdomainnamehavebeenadjustedaccordingly:
IfCNEnglishdomainnameexpireswithoutrenewalbusiness,thedomainnamewillentertherenewalperiod,hereDuringthisperiod,theoriginalresolutionofyourdomainnamemaybesuspendeduntilyourenewitsuccessfully.Thefeecanberenewed30daysaftertheexpirationofcn.Iftherenewalisnotcompletedduringtherenewalperiod,thedomainnamewillenterahigh-pricedredemptionperiod,andthedomainnamestatuswillchangeto"pendingDelete",andoperationssuchasinformationmodification,transfer,andresolutioncannotbeperformed.Ifyoustillwantthedomainname,youneedtopayanotherfeeforthedomainnameredemptionaccordingtotheregulations;ifthedomainnameisnotredeemedduringtheredemptionperiod,thedomainnamewillbedeletedafter60-75daysaftertheendoftheredemptionperiod.
Domainnameswithdifferentsuffixeshavedifferentmeanings.Nowthemostpopulardomainnamecategoriescanbedividedintointernationaldomainnamesanddomesticdomainnames.Themaindifferencebetweenthetwoisthedomainnamedivisionmethodandthedifferentmanagementorganization.Toexplainwhatisaninternationaldomainnameandwhatisadomesticdomainname,wemuststartwiththedomainnamesystem.Therearethreetypesoftop-leveldomainsinthedomainnamesystemontheInternet:categorytop-leveldomains,geographictop-leveldomains,andnewtop-leveldomains.
Verkkotunnuksen rekisteröinti
1.Fordomainnameswithwebsites.(Domainnameswithoutawebsitedonotneedtobefiled)
2.SubmittherelevantinformationofthewebsitetotheMinistryofInformationIndustryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.
ThepurposeofdomainnameregistrationistopreventillegalwebsitebusinessactivitiesontheInternetandcombatthespreadofbadInternetinformation.Ifthewebsiteisnotregistered,itislikelytobeshutdownafterinvestigation.Inaccordancewiththespiritofthe"MeasuresfortheAdministrationofRecordationofNon-commercialInternetInformationServices"deliberatedandapprovedbytheMinistryofInformationIndustryofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaatthetwelfthministerialmeeting,theprovisionofnon-commercialInternetinformationserviceswithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChinashouldberegistered!Nonon-commercialInternetinformationservicemaybeconductedwithintheterritoryofthePeople'sRepublicofChinawithoutfiling.Forwebsitesthathavenotbeenfiled,theywillbefinedorshutdown.Filingreferstoreportingthemattertothecompetentauthorityforfilingforinspection.Fromtheperspectiveofadministrativelaw,inpractice,itismainlytheprovisionsofthe"LegislationLaw"andthe"RegulationsontheRecordofRegulations".
Domainnameresolution
Howtoseethecontentofyourwebsiteafterregisteringadomainnameiscalled"domainnameresolution"inaprofessionalterm.Asexplainedintherelatedterminology,thedomainnameandtheURLarenotthesamething.Afterthedomainnameisregistered,itonlymeansthatyouhavetherighttousethedomainname.Ifthedomainnameresolutionisnotperformed,thenthedomainnamecannotplayitsrole.Theresolveddomainnamecanbeusedasthesuffixofthee-mailaddressorasawebsiteaddresstovisityourownwebsite.Therefore,thenecessarylinkforthedomainnametobeputintouseis"domainnameresolution."Domainnameisasetofaddressconversionsystemspeciallyestablishedfortheconvenienceofmemory.ToaccessaserverontheInternet,itmustfinallyberealizedthroughIPaddress.Domainnameresolutionistheprocessofre-convertingadomainnametoanIPaddress.AdomainnamecanonlycorrespondtooneIPaddress,andmultipledomainnamescanberesolvedtooneIPaddressatthesametime.Domainnameresolutionneedstobecompletedbyadedicateddomainnameresolutionserver(DNS).ThedomainnameisconvertedintoanIPaddress,andthedomainnameisaworld.Inthedistributedhierarchicaldirectoryserviceofthousandsofservers,thenamespaceoftheInternetisdividedintoso-calledareas,andeachindependentadministratorisresponsible.Forlocalrequirements-suchasinacompany'snetwork-itisanindependentoperationalsoavailablefromtheInternetDNS.
Resoluutioperiaate
Tounderstandwhydomainnameresolutiontakessolong,youneedtounderstandtheprocessofdomainnameresolutionandtheroleofDNSservers.
EverycomputerontheInternetisassignedanIPaddress,anddatatransmissionisactuallycarriedoutbetweendifferentIPaddresses.IncludingthecomputersweusewhensurfingtheInternetathome,wearealsoassignedanIPaddressafterweconnecttotheInternet.Inmostcases,thisIPaddressisdynamic.Inotherwords,whenyouturnoffthemodemandturnontheInternetagain,yourInternetaccessbusinesswillrandomlyassignanewIPaddress.
ThewebserverisessentiallyacomputerconnectedtotheInternet,buttheconfigurationismoresuitableasaserver,anditisplacedinthedatacentertomaintainalowtemperature,lowdustenvironment,andsecurity.TheseserversusefixedIPaddressestoconnecttotheInternet.Whenadomainnameisresolvedtoacertainserver,andthewebpagefileisplacedonthisserver,theuser'scomputerwillknowwhichservertogototoobtainthewebpageinformationofthisdomainname.Thisisachievedthroughadomainnameserver.
Whenabrowserentersacertaindomainnameinthebrowseraddressbox,orclicksalinkfromanotherwebsitetothisdomainname,thebrowsersendsadomainnamerequesttotheuser’sInternetaccessprovider,andthenTheDNSserverofthemerchantmustquerythedomainnamedatabasetoseewhattheDNSserverofthisdomainnameis.ThengrabtheDNSrecordfromtheDNSserver,thatis,toobtainwhichIPaddressthisdomainnamepointsto.AfterobtainingthisIPinformation,theaccessprovider'sserverwillgototheservercorrespondingtothisIPaddresstograbthewebpagecontent,andthentransmitittotherequestingbrowser.
Resoluutioasetukset
A(Address)recordisusedtospecifytheIPaddressrecordcorrespondingtothehostname(ordomainname).Userscanpointthewebserverunderthedomainnametotheirownwebserver.Atthesametime,youcanalsosetthesecond-leveldomainnameofyourdomainname.
Youmustgotothedomainnamemanagementinterfaceoftheregistrartosetupacorrect,effectiveandstableDNS.Itmaytake12-72hourstomodifytheDNSattheregistrartobereflectedontherootserver.ThefullnameoftheTTLvalueis"TimeToLive",whichsimplymeansthetimethattheDNSrecordiscachedontheDNSserver.
MXrecordsarealsocalledmailroutingrecords.Userscanpointthemailserverunderthedomainnametotheirownmailserver,andthentheycancontrolallmailboxsettingsbythemselves.YouneedtofillintheIPaddressofyourserveronline,andallmailsunderyourdomainnamecanbeforwardedtothecorrespondingmailserversetbyyourself.
CNAMErecordisanaliasrecord.Thistypeofrecordingallowsyoutomapmultiplenamestothesamecomputer.UsuallyusedforcomputersthatprovideWWWandMAILservicesatthesametime.