Peruskonseptit
DongZhongshurecommendedtheruleofEmperorWuoftheHanDynastytodismissahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectConfucianism.Theso-called"removalofahundredschoolsofthought,thesixclassicsofthetable"and"reportingtheConfucianfamily,suppressingofahundredschoolsofthought"referto"abolishingahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectingConfucianism."Theformerisanaliasforthelatter.
IntheearlyHanDynasty,headvocatedtherulebydoingnothingpolitically,andpracticedleviesintheeconomy.Inideology,HuangLao'sdoctrine,whichadvocatesquietnessandinactionandthestudyofcriminalnames,isvalued.
WhenEmperorWucametothethrone,itbecameanurgentneedforfeudalrulerstofurtherstrengthentheauthoritariancentralizationsystempoliticallyandeconomically.
TheHuanglaothought,whichadvocatesquietnessandinaction,cannolongermeettheabove-mentionedpoliticalneeds;whiletheConfucianismoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod,thethoughtofbenevolenceandtheethicalconceptofmonarchsandministersareobviouslycompatiblewiththesituationandtasksfacedbyEmperorWu.Therefore,inthefieldofthought,ConfucianismfinallyreplacedTaoism'sdominance.
Jianyuanin ensimmäisenä vuonna (140 eaa.), keisarin valtaistuimellenousun jälkeen, pääministeri Weiwan sanoi: "Hyvelliset ja hyveelliset tai Shenin, Shangin, HanFein, SuQinin ja ZhangYin huomautukset ovat häirinneet maan politiikkaa tai politiikkaa."
TheTaiweiDouYingandtheprimeministerTianYanalsorecommendedthattheConfucianscholarWangZangbetheorderoftheLangzhong,ZhaoWanwastheYushidoctor,praisedConfucianism,denouncedTaoism,encouragedEmperorWutoimplementpoliticalreforms,andevensuggestednottoplaytotheQueenMotherDou.thing.EmpressDowagerDouwasdissatisfiedwiththis.YuJianyuanoustedWangZangandZhaoWaninthesecondyearofJianyuan,andTaiWeiDouYingandPrimeMinisterTianZhiwerealsodismissed.
InthesixthyearofthefoundingoftheYuanDynasty,theQueenMotherDoudied,andConfucianpowerroseagain.
InthefirstyearofYuanguang(134yearsago),EmperorWusummonedtalentedscholarsofFangzhengliteraturefromallovertoChang'anandaskedhimpersonally.
DongZhongshupointedoutinthecountermeasuresthattheunificationoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodis"theconstantscripturesofheavenandearth,thefriendshipbetweenancientandmodern".Inconsistent,thelegalsystemhaschanged,andhundredsofschoolsareataloss.
Hän ehdotti: "Kaikki uudet eivät ole Konfutsen kurinalaisuudesta, nämä kuusi taidetta, eivät koskaan saisi mennä eteenpäin."
DongZhongshu’spolicyofideologicalgovernancethatadaptstopoliticalunificationpointedout,VeryappreciatedbyEmperorWu.
Confucianismhascompletelybecometherulingthoughtofthefeudaldynasty,whileTaoismandotherscholarshavebeenpoliticallydegraded.
"DeleteahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectConfucianism"istheruleoffeudalideologyimplementedbyEmperorWuoftheWesternHanDynasty,anditisalsoasignofthedominantpositionofConfucianisminChineseculture.
Historiallinen tausta
IntheearlyyearsoftheWesternHanDynasty,HanGaozudidnotlikeConfucianism,whichalmostcutofftheacademicsourceofConfucianism.AlthoughthePh.D.systemstillexistsundertheQinsystem,thenumberofPh.Dsissmall,andonlyofficialsarewaitingforquestioning.Itisdifficultforthemtoplayalargeroleinimpartingculture.EmperorHui'sabolishmentof"TheLawofLieShu"revivedthedoctrinesofthephilosophers,amongwhichConfucianismandTaoismweremoreinfluential.Inthelowtideofthedevelopmentofacademicthought,theTaoistHuangLaoWuweithoughtwasadvocatedbytherulersoftheearlyHanDynasty,occupyingadominantposition,andthinkersregardlessofgenrearealsowillingtosayHuangLao'swords.DuringtheperiodofWenandJing,therewasatrendofchangefrominactiontoaction,fromTaoismtoConfucianism.Dr.QinJiugavebirthtothe28thRoadofShangshuinhiswallcollection,andEmperorWensentChaoCuotoreceivehiscareer.atthistime.ThenumberofPh.Dshasreachedmorethan70,andtherearehundredsofscholarsandConfucianismalone.Confucian"Book","Poem","ChunQiu"and"TheAnalectsofConfucius","BookofFilialPiety","Mencius","ErYa"allhavedoctors,amongwhichthe"Poems"doctorshaveQi,Lu,andHan,and"ChunQiu""DoctorsincludeHuWushengandDongZhongshu.ThisprovidedconditionsforEmperorWuoftheHanDynastytodominateConfucianism.WhenEmperorWucametothethrone,aftertheruleofWenjing,thesocialeconomyhasbeengreatlydeveloped.Atthesametime,withthestrengthofthelandlordclassanditsstrength,ithasbecomeanurgentneedforfeudalrulerstofurtherstrengthentheauthoritariancentralizationsystempoliticallyandeconomically.
InthefirstyearofYuanguang(134BC),DongZhongshuputforwardasuggestioninthecountermeasuresofjudgingthevirtuous:alltheoriesthatarenotinthedisciplineofthesixartsortheartofConfuciusshouldbeexcludedfromthedoctoralofficialschool.EmperorWuoftheHanDynastyadmiredDongZhongshu'sunificationthoughtverymuch.EmperorWualsoadoptedtheproposaloftheprimeminister,WeiWan,anddismissedthevirtuouswordsofShangYang,HanFei,SuQin,andZhangYi.EmperorWuoftheHanDynastywasstronglyopposedbyHuang'sgrandmotherDou,whowasimprisonedthefollowingyearbythepreachingConfuciandoctorZhaoWanandLangZhonglingWangZang.ThepowerofConfucianismwashit,butinthefifthyearofthefoundingoftheYuanDynasty(136BC),EmperorWuplacedadoctorofthe"FiveClassics",whichmadeConfucianclassicsmorecompleteinthegovernment.InthesixthyearofthefoundingofYuanDynasty(135before),theQueenMotherDoudied,andConfucianpowerroseagain.InthefirstyearofYuanguang(134before),hedismissedallDr.TaichangwhohadnotruledtheFiveClassicsofConfucianism.HerejectedHuangLao'snicknameasahundredschoolsoutsidetheofficialschool.HepromotedtheConfucianstudentGongsunHong,whowasbornincommonclothes,totheprimeminister.Hundredsofpeoplehavealsoapprovedtheappointmentof50disciplesfordoctoralofficials.Basedontheiracademicachievements,theywillfillinthehistorian'sliteraryhistories,andtheofficialswillbeselectedasartiststotakeupimportantpositions.Thisisthefamoushistoryof"rejectingahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectingConfucianism."AfterthedominanceofConfucianism,officialsmainlycamefromConfucianscholars,andConfucianismgraduallydevelopedandbecametheorthodoxthoughtthatruledthepeopleforthenexttwothousandyears.Althoughthiswasnotconducivetothedevelopmentofacademicculture,itwasconducivetothestrengtheningoftheautocraticsystemandtheunityofthecountryatthattime.
Keskittäminen
ThebirthofcentralizationwasapoliticalstructurederivedfromaformofmonarchyproposedbytheLegalistsystem,oneoftheideologicalfactionsduringtheWarringStatesPeriodinChina.LegalistsrepresentitHanFeiofYibelievesinhisthesisthatthecurrentsocialsituationischaoticandtheseparatistforcesarestrong,theemperorneedstounifyalldomesticforcestomaintaintherule.Thisrequiresacentralizedgovernmenttoassisttheemperortorulethecountryandexpandterritory.Atthesametime,theagriculturalnaturaleconomyinthesocietyatthattimerequiredarelativelystableenvironmentfordevelopment.Atthesametime,asthelandlordwhoownsthemainmeansofproductioninthesociety,italsoneededastronggovernmenttosuppresstheresistanceoffarmerstomaintaintheirownownershipoftheland..
In140BC,PrimeMinisterWeiwantoldEmperorWuoftheHanDynastythattheofficialsrecommendednowallliketheideasofLegalists,buttheyarenotconducivetounifyingtheirthinking.Theirspeechesareoftenindangerofdisruptingpublicopinion.EmperorWuoftheHanDynastyaskedlocalofficialstorecommendpeoplewhounderstoodConfucianism,andhepersonallypresidedovertheexamination.DongZhongshuansweredthequestionsofEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyverywell.Fromthenon,EmperorWuoftheHanDynastybegantoattachimportancetoConfucianscholars,allowingthemtoparticipateinthemanagementofthecountry,andsomeevenbecameprimeministers.
"AbandoningahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectingConfucianism"wasproposedbyDongZhongshu,whichmeanttoabolishotherideasandonlyrespectConfucianism.Fromnowon,everyonewhoisanofficialmustunderstandConfucianismanduseConfucianismtoexplainthelaw.AfterthedominanceofConfucianism,thefeudalorthodoxyinancientChinabegantobeestablished,buttherealfullestablishmentwasintheSuiandTangdynasties.
Vaikutus ja vaikutus
Tausta
DongZhongshu’sculturalandeducationalpolicyofoustingahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectingConfucianismisanepoch-makinghistoricaleventinChinesehistory.Thispolicywasalmostfollowedbyrulersofsubsequentgenerationsandlastedfortwothousandyears.Ithashadaprofoundimpactonthedevelopmentofmycountry'sculturalandeducationalundertakingsandtheformationofthecommonpsychologicalqualityofallethnicgroups.
Fortheoccurrenceofthisimportanthistoricalevent,ancienthistoriansmostlybelievedthatEmperorWuoftheHanDynastyandDongZhongshuwerebroughttogether,onewasfortheneedtoestablishaunifiedempire,andtheotherwasforacademicstatus.Need,therefore,thethreewaystoask,hititoff.Infact,theoccurrenceofthismajorhistoricalevent,likeothermajorhistoricalevents,hasitsprofoundsocialbackground.Aslongasyougodeepintothehistoricalbackgroundofthetimeandmakedetailedinvestigations,itisnotdifficulttorevealthetruth.
Sitten kansojen hallinnon tarve
Firstofall,Confucianismistheneedtoimprovethegovernanceofthepeople.Theunifiedfeudalempire,fromtheestablishmentofEmperorQinShihuangtoEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,hasgonethroughnearlyahundredyears.Themainsocialcontradictionofthefeudalempire,thatis,thecontradictionbetweenpeasantsandlandlords,hasbeenfullyexpressed.Howtodealwithandalleviatethiscontradiction,Itisthebasicstartingpointforfeudalrulerstochooseandestablishtheirrulingideas.Regardingthequestionofhowtorulethepeople,therulersoftheHanDynastyseriouslysummedupthelessonsofQin’sdeath.TheybelievedthattheQinrulerwassuccessfulwhenhetooktheworld,butfailedwhenheguardedtheworldandruledtheworld.ThiswasbecausehedidnotknowhowtoretreatObeythetruth.Thisargumentconformstohistoricalreality.AfterQinwasfounded,hestilllackedexperienceinhowtodealwiththecontradictionsbetweenhighlycentralizedpoliticsandhighlydecentralizedeconomy.Hedidnotunderstandthatinordertostrengthencentralizedrule,thepatriarchalsystemandpatriarchalthinkingmustbeusedtogovernthesmallpeasanteconomyofonehousehold.Itfailedtochangetheruleoflawwhenthesixcountrieswereannexed,anddidnotuseethicalandmoraleducationtodealwithvarioussocialproblems.Inordertounifyhisthoughts,QinadoptedthemeasuresofburningbooksandconfessingConfucianism.Apeasantuprisingbrokeoutin209BC.QinIIdied.
Toiminnan luvun loppu
ThelandlordclassofinsightintheearlyHanDynastybegantorealizethattheherdsmen’swayisonlytobesafe("HistoricalRecordsoftheFirstEmperorofQin").TherulingclassoftheHanDynastycompliedwiththeneedsofhistoricaldevelopmentandimplementedtheruleofinactionwiththepeople,whichbroughtabouttheprosperityanddevelopmentofthesocietyandeconomy.Butthiskindofadministeringthepeoplecanneithersolvetheproblemsoftranslatingfolkcustomsandestablishingaunifiedfeudalethics,norcanitintegratethescatteredsmall-scalepeasanteconomywiththepoliticalpower.Whatismoreharmfulisthislaissez-fairepolicy,lettingthewealthyTheJiahaopeopleplunderedpeople'swealthandannexedland,therebyintensifyingclasscontradictions.BythetimeofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty,thepeasantswereintheclothesofthecowsandhorses,andthetragicsituationofthefoodofthedogandthefood("Hanshu·Shihuozhi")forcedthepeasantstoriseupandfight.AtthetimeofEmperorWen,italsohappenedinthecapitalofChang'an.Violentincidentsofthieves.
Classcontradictionsgraduallyintensified,makingtherulersoftheHanDynastyrealizethatquietandinactivepoliticsnolongermeetstheneedsoffeudalrule.Confucianismhasgatheredthegreatachievementsofpastcultures,andformulatedasetofmethodsthatareinlinewiththenationalconditionsofourfeudalpatriarchalsocietyforthequestionofhowtoprotectthepeople:First,usethepatriarchalsystemandpatriarchalideastocontroltheworld.Thefeudalsocietyofourcountryhastransformedandretainedthepatriarchalsystemoftheslavesociety.Thesmallpeasanteconomybasedonthefamilyisthefoundationofthefeudalsociety,whichisanimportantfeature.Inthisregard,variousschoolsofthoughtsincethepre-Qinperiodhavedifferentunderstandings.Legalistsrecognizethelawbutdonotrecognizerelatives,whichhasanegativesidetothepatriarchalsystem.TheMohistadvocatesuniversalloveandobliterateshierarchicaldifferences,whichisnotconducivetotheestablishmentofthepatriarchalsystem.TheGuanZhongschoolishalfaffirmativeandnegative.TheHuanglaoschoolinheritedthistraditionanddidnotgivethehighestpositiontothepatriarchalsystem.Confucianismisdifferent,claimingtobebasedonfilialpietyandinsistingonstrengtheningthepoweroftheemperorandfather.TheConfucianclassicsystempreservestheideologicaldataaboutpatriarchalconceptsfromtheendofprimitivesocietytotheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod.AfterexperiencingthegreatfusionofideologyandscholarshipbetweentheQinandHandynasties,Confucianscholarshaveprocessedandtransformedtheancientpatriarchalsystembasedontheabolitionoftheminefieldsystem,thecreationofprivateeconomy,thedisintegrationofclansintofamilies,andtheestablishmentoftheprefecturesystemandcentralizedpowersystem.,Designedasetofpatriarchalsystemwithindividualfamilyasthebasicunit.Thistransformationwasreflectedintheritual-makingactivitiesofConfucianmastersintheearlyHanDynasty.Followingthis,DongZhongshuclearlyputforwardthetheoryofthreeoutlinesandfivepermanence,whichfurtherstrengthenedtheConfucianpatriarchalthoughtandhelpedtoconsolidatecentralization.AccordingtoConfucianism,therelationshipbetweenstatepowerandfamilyindividualfarmerscanbestraightenedoutintheorderofself-cultivation,familyharmony,stateadministration,andpeaceoftheworld.
Kungfutselaisuuden aseman vahvistaminen
TheConfuciantheoryofthepatriarchalsystemandpatriarchalthoughtconformstotheactualsituationofthefeudalsocietyinourcountry.Thisisanimportantreasonwhyitisdesignatedasadeity.Second,advocatetheimplementationofbenevolentgovernance.AnimportantfeatureofConfucianismisthatitethicspoliticsanddyesthepoliticalrelationshipbetweenrulersandsubordinateswiththetendernessofthepatriarchalconcept.Whenthistheoryisappliedtogovernance,itputsforwardtheideaofbenevolentgovernance,whichisanotherimportantmanifestationofConfucianismthatdistinguishesitfromotherschools.Legalistsbelievethatbenevolenceandjusticeareoutdated,sotheyabuseviolence,whichintensifiessocialconflicts.TheHuang-LaoSchooladvocatesmorality,supplementedby"ZhunNanZiLanMingXun",whichmustobeytheTaoismofnatureandinaction,thusindulgingthegreedynatureofthelandlordclassandincreasingsocialcontradictions.Confucianismadvocatesbenevolentgovernance,andhascertainrestrictionsonthelandlordclasstopreventthemfromcommittingstupidthings.IntheearlyHanDynasty,Confucianismabsorbedthetheoryofcriminalnamesandrecognizedthecomplementaryrelationshipbetweencourtesy,music,criminalpolitics,andadvocatedthecombinationofbenevolentgovernanceandtheruleoflaw.Therelationshipwithpunishmentisinlinewiththestrategyofrulingthecountry.JiaYiwasanoutstandingrepresentativeofConfucianismintheearlyHanDynasty.Hepersuadedthemonarchandofficialsatalllevelstotaketheleadindoinggood,andheadoptedamodelandenlightenmentpolicyforthepeople.Atthesametime,healsoadvocatedimposingheavyaxesonlocalseparatistforcesthatopposetheimperialcourtandthecommonpeople.DongZhongshucloselyintegratedlearningandteaching,trainingoftalentedofficialswiththeimplementationofbenevolentgovernance,developedthepre-QinConfucianthoughtofself-cultivationandpeaceofthepeople,andputforwardpracticalsuggestionsforbuildingvirtuousandcapablefeudalbureaucracies.ThebenevolentgovernmentofConfucianismishelpfultoalleviateclasscontradictionsandimprovethelevelofgovernmentofficials,anditisalong-termsecuritypolicyforthefeudallandlordclass.Third,toteachthepeoplewithGod'saffection.Feudalrulersneedtorelyonthepowerofreligioustheologytostrengthentheirrule,andChinaandforeigncountriesarenoexception.Legalists’atheismwasinconflictwiththeneedsoftherulingclass.DuringtheQinandHandynasties,thealchemistssoughttheemperor’selixirofimmortality.Theyonlyservedtheindividualruleranddidnotsolvetheproblemofrulingthepeople.However,DongZhongshuadaptedtotheneedsoffeudalrule,focusedonconsolidatingthepoweroftheentirefeudalcountry,andcarriedoutatheologicaltransformationofConfucianism:histheoryoftherelationshipbetweennatureandhumanshasmadeethicsandmoralstheological;Rationalityprovidesatheologicalargument.ThetheologicalsystemofConfucianismbuiltbyDongZhongshu,althoughdifferentfromthebirthandpassivereligion,activelycooperatedwiththepoliticalneedsoftherulingclass,andthuselevatedthestatusofConfucianism.
HanWu’s“removalofahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectforConfucianism”wasamajormeasuretomeettheneedsofpolitical,ideological,andsocialtransformationintheWesternHanDynasty.Thesixstagesofplacingadoctorate,suppressingHuangLao,makinggoodpolicyandappointingscholars,fromtheopeningofthepoliticalroadtothecompletionofthetheoryandthentotherealizationoftheorganizationconstituteahistoricalprocessofdangerandwaves.Thismovehadaprofoundimpactonthehistoryoflatergenerations:ontheonehand,itenabledtheConfucianclassicsintheHandynastytoachievesignificantdevelopment,andithassincebecometheorthodoxthoughtofsubsequentgenerations;ontheotherhand,italsoshacklesthenationalthinking,makingacademicfreedomaluxuryforfuturegenerationsofscholars.TheChinesenationpaidanextremelyhighpriceforthis.
Kungfutselaisuuden negatiivinen vaikutus
TheConfucianlegalthoughtwithConfucianismasitsfounderisbasedonafamily-oriented,ethical-centered,andhierarchicallegalsystemAndideology.Advocating"ruleofcourtesy"and"rulebyvirtue",thatis,"rulebyman".ThemainpurposeofConfucianfamilygovernancetheoryis:sagesdetermineritualsandlaws;bodyrulesorderandconduct;lawisthefirstkingandconformstohumanfeelings.Confucianismemphasizestheruleofritualintherelationshipbetweenritualandlaw,theruleofvirtueintherelationshipbetweenmoralityandlaw,andtheruleofmanintherelationshipbetweenmanandlaw.SincetheHanDynasty"dismissedahundredschoolsandrespectedConfucianism",ithasbecomeapoleofideology,andlatergenerationshavenothingmorethanrepairingit,andithasdominatedChinaformorethantwothousandyears.FeudalismisessentiallyConfucianism,anditstillaffectsChina'spolitics,economy,culture,education,life,andlawintherealworld.Theextremesofthingsmustbereversed,andthereisnosituationwhereahundredschoolsofthoughtarecontending,asingleideologicalmodel,andthepoliticalandlegalculturecreatedbyit-thatistyranny.Historyhasprovedthattheruleofmanandtyrannyareinthesameline.Toestablishamodernjudicialconcept,thiskindofhumanizationoflocalenvironmentallegalthoughtisincompatiblewiththeruleoflawthatemphasizestheuseofsystemsandrulestorestrainpeople'sbehavior.Confucianismisthemostimportantideologicalobstacletotheestablishmentofmodernjudicialconcepts.Thatisthecongenitaldeficiencyoftheconceptoftheruleoflaw.
Kiistat myöhemmissä sukupolvissa
AsafamousemperorinChinesehistory,EmperorWuoftheHanDynastyfirstinitiatedthepolicyof"removingahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectingConfucianism"intheideologicalandculturalcircles,andestablishedConfucianism.Orthodoxyanddominancehavemadetheideaofautocratic"greatunification"asamainstreamideologybecomestereotyped,andasamaturesystem,ithasalsobecomestereotyped;itishewhocompletedthebasicprojectoftheautocraticpoliticalstructure,theso-called"internalsacredandexternal""Theking",thecombinationofrigidityandsoftness,andthepoliticalidealofasocietygovernedbymanwasestablishedforthefirsttimebecauseofacompletesystemofcareeradvancement;itwashewhomadethelifestyleofthebigfamilyastrongandstableforceinsociety,andfurtherextendedit.Eventuallymakeitthebasisoftheentirepatriarchalcountry.
However,lookingatitfromanotherperspective,HanWudi’sliteraryandmartialartscertainlyhasitsownprogressivesignificance,butitsnegativeimpactonhistoryisalsonottobeignored,liketheideaofautocratic“greatunification”Althoughitcanenhancethecohesionbetweennations,italsopushesautocraticcentralizationtotheextreme.Althoughthelifestyleofalargefamilyhasindeedbecomethecornerstoneofanultra-stablesociety,ithasalsomadetheruleofmanpoliticsanunchangingformulafortwothousandyears.AsforthecontinuouswarsandoffensivesduringtheHanDynastyEmperorWu'sera,ithascausedsocialturmoilandthepeople'slivelihood.Theprosandconsofthisperiodarehardtodescribe.
Somepeoplesaythat"aneraofautocracymustbeaharshera."ThissentenceisalsoapplicabletotheeraofEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.Infact,inasocietyruledbyman,themoreeffectivetheking,thegreaterhisdestructivepower,astheSongpoetLianChishengwroteinhispoem:"HanWulovesfamoushorses,andgeneralsproduceOnthewestwardmarch.Therearemillionsofbloodandseventypeopleonthelords.Onlyameretrivialone,singtothegods.""Turninghandsforclouds,coveringhandsforrain"iscertainlytheruleofthemonarchs,and"goodfortune,bloodandmurder."Theyarejustanordinarystory.Fightingforone'sowndesires,theemperor'spersonallikesanddislikesareactuallyrelatedtothelivesofmillionsofpeople.Theso-called"theemperorisangry,corpsesamillion,andshedbloodforthousandsofmiles"isthebestfootnotetotheemperor'spersonalactions.AsagenerationofBritishLords,EmperorWuoftheHanDynastywasindeedoneofthemostaccomplishedemperorsinancientChina,buttheBritishLordswerealsomortals.FromtheattitudeofEmperorWuoftheHanDynastytothemagicofimmortals,wecanseehisparanoidandmadmentality.Fromtheoccurrenceofthe"WitchGu",wecanevenseethecruel,moodyandmoodyinhisoldage.A"halfgreatman"likeEmperorWu.Restrictedbymanyaspectssuchasphysiology,intelligence,age,etc.,EmperorWu'spersonalactionsonlyexposedthecommondrawbacksoftheruleofmaninsociety.RefutingrumorsaboutthebanningofahundredschoolsofConfucianism:EmperorWuoftheHanDynasty"dismissedahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectedConfucianism."Inhistory,EmperorWuoftheHanDynastywasarareandwisemonarch.Duringhisreign,oneoftheimportantthingswasto"removeahundredschoolsanddominateConfucianism."However,modernpeopleincreasinglydoubttheauthenticityofthismatter.ManypeoplethinkAmonarchcapableofself-criticismwiththe"crimesofhisownself-criticism"willinevitablynotbeableto"destroyahundredschoolsofthoughtandrespectConfucianism."Withthepassageoftime,modernarchaeologistsandhistoriansdiscoveredthetruththatEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty"deposedhundredsofschoolsandrespectedConfucianism".InordertoimprovethestatusofConfucianism,ConfucianbelieverBanGufabricatedthefactsandmadeEmperorWuofHanDynastymemorializethousands.Thepotoftheyear.