Kehityshistoria
CpuappearedintHeerAofLarge-mittakaava integroidut piirteet.TeernativeUpdateOfprocessorarchecturedEndandThecontIntyInProontIntegratedCircuitteChnologyPromotetsContIntDevelopmentComplete.Alkaenpohjaisesti käyttäytyneistä,.
Cpudevelopmenthasahistoryofmorethan40years.WeUSUSTIVIDIITINTOSIXSTAGES.
(1) FirstStage (1971-1973).ThisHisteeraof4-bitand8-bitlow-endmicroprocessors ja.
Vuonna 1971, Intel’s4004MicroprocessorIntegrationarithmeticunitandOhjainonasingLechip, merkitsemällä,.Myöhemmin The8086SeriesProcessorsWerewidely-käyttäjätPersonalComputerterminaals, korkean suorituskyvyn ja.
(2) Thescondstage (1974-1977).TämäSteRaOf8-bitmid-to-endmikroprosessorit ja sen jälkeen.AtHistime, TheCommandSystemisRelatiivisesti.
(3) ThethirdStage (1978-1984).ThisHisteeraof16-bitmikroprosessorit ja sen lisäksi.Suhteellisenkatsuva, sensrelaatiivisesti.
(4) FourthStage (1985-1992).Thishistheageof32-bitmikroprosessorit ja sen lisäksi.Jo kavablefmulti-tehtävän, monikäyttöön tarkoitetut,.
The80486Prosessorreliveebin1989ImplementEda5-tasolinscalarpipeline, merkitsemällä theinitialMaturity ofThecPuandTheDheDeDevelpmentPhaseOftHethethitionalProcessor.
(5) The FifthStage (1993-2005).TämäSteeriOfthePentiumSeriesOfMicroprocessors.
Innovanember1995, IntelreledthePentiumprosessor, joka ForthefirsttimeadoptedasuperscalarinstructionPipelinstructure, otettu käyttöön korjuuksien kanssa.Siksi thesuperscalarinstructionpipelinestructurebehasbeenadoptedbysub bexModernprocessors, Suchasamd (AdvancedMicRodevices) RyzenandinTintel'scoreseries.
(6) ThesixthStage (2005-2021).ProcessorgradsionalSelopstowardsmoreCoresandhigherparllelism.Tyypillinen.
OperorToMeetTheupper-tasonWorkRequirements OperatSystem, ModernProcessorsHavefurtherinTroDectfunctionsuchasparllelisaatio, moniydin, virtualisointi, andremotEManagementSystems, jonka mukaan.
Toimintaperiaate
Thevonneumannarchitectureisthefoundationofmoderncomputers.ALAAKUUTURIA, JA.Ohjeet jaDataneedTobeaccessedFromthesamestoragespace, transpidiveViathesamebus, ja cannotBeoverlatedforexecution.MäärätOthevonneumannSystem, thecpu'sworkisdividedtothefollowingFiVestoges: ohjekehykset, ohjeidenkäytökset, ohjesexecutionStage, accessNumberandresultwriteback.
Kirjastfetch (if, ohjekfetch) istheprocessoffetchinganinstructionFromthemainMemoryToTheinstructionregister.TheValueinThePROGRAMCOUNTERISUDYTONIDITETEPOSITEFORFTHECurrentInThRuctionInthemainMemory.Kun.
IntheStructionDeCodeStage (ID, ohjekade), AfterfetchingThe -ohjaus, theinstructionDecodersplitsAndInterPretsTheretRieveDInStructionAccordingTotePredeetterMedInstructionFormat, identiteetti jaConsishingDifferentInstructionTypeSandvariousMethodsOfobTopperands.ModernciscprocessorswillsplittoimproveparalleLismAndEfficalticy.
The ExecutionInStructionStage (Ex, Suorita), joka erityisesti merkitsee.ThedifferentPartsOftheCPUarEconnectedToPerFormTe BomeDirePerations.
AccessTotheaccessnumberstage (mem, muisti), mukaan.Joku.
TulosWriteBackstage (WB, kirjoitus), AstHelastStage, TheresultwriteBackstage "WritesBack" TherunningResultDataOfTheExecutionInstructionStageSomeStorageform.TheresultDataisGeneralywritenTheinternalRegisterofthecpusothatitCanbequicklyAccessedBysUb seurakunnan ohjaukset.TheseflagbitsIndricteifferenToPerationResultsandCanbeUnedToinfluencetheactionsfrogramm.
AftertheStructionisExecutedandtheresultDataiswresstback, ifnOunexpecevents (sucasresultoverflow jne..) esiintyy, thecomputerWillobtaintHeaddressOfTheNextInStructionFromTheProgramCounterandstartaNewCycle.OneinstructionCycleWillFetchTheNexTInStructionin Sequence.
Esittely
ThecentralprocessingUnit (CPU) isoneOfTheMainEquipmentOfelektroniikkapohjaiset jaTheCoreComponentenfOnputers.ITSFUNTELIOMISEALYTONIONPRETCOMPUTERINSTRUCTIONSADPROCESSDATAINCOMPUTERSOFTWARE.THEECPUISTHECORECONPONENTOFFTECOMPUTRESPONSTIBLEDFORREADING -ohjeet, DekoodingandExecutinginstructions.ThecentralprocessingUnitMainLyLindestwoParts, nimeltään.ThethreecorEcomponentsofanelectroniccomputerArethecpu, InternalMemory, AndInput/Outputdevices.FunctionsOftheCentralprocessingUnitaremainlytoprocessinstructions, Performance-, Controltime ja ProcessData.
IntShecomputterArchitecture, ThecpuSTheCoreHardwareUnitThatControlSallTheHardWareresources ofTheCompander (sellainenMemory, inputDandOutputUnits) ja mittausgeneraatiot.ThecpuSTheComputingandControlCoreOftheComopteer.TheoperationOfallSoftWarelayersInTheCompanseSystemWillEventuteyBemotedToTheOperationFtheCputhRoughtheinstructionset.
Suoritettava
Suoritettava
ForthEcpu, indikaattorit, jotkaAffecTitsPerformancemainlycluLetTheMainfrequency, sitten lukumäärä,.Sarjat, numero OFCPUCORES, AndIPC (NumberOfinSTRUCTORSPERCYCLE).Theso-calledcpufRequencyReferstotheclockfrequency, joka ohjaaja.YocanincreasethecpufRequencybyoverClockingtoobtainHigherpermorance.Sitten lukumäärä,.Yleensä, että korkeakoulut, thefasterthecpuperFormSoperations.1920-luvun jälkeen,.Tämä.ThecacheInstructionsetOfthecpuisstoredInethecpu, joka MAINLYREFSTOTHEHARDPROGRAMTHATCANGUIDEANDOPTIMIZETHEOPERATEFTHECPU.Yleisesti ottaen välimuistit,.THECACHEPERFORNECTECTECTECTEFECTSTHEPROCESSINGPERFORMANCEFTHECPU.SomecpusWithSpecialFunctionSMayBeequippedwithAfour-tasonCache.
Cpustructure
Yleisesti ottaminen, testurefacpucanberoughlydividedIntoaritheticLogiccomponents, Register Components ja ControlComponents.Theso-calledaritmeetticLogicComponentsaremainlycapableferformingrelatedLogicaloperations, Suchas: ShiftOperationsandlogicaloperations, inddditionTofixed-Pointorflowing-PointRitheMecations, jaDressoperations andconversionCommands.Funktionalaritheticunit.Siellä.ThecontrolcomponententismingyavuntoanalyzetheinstructionAndCansendOutTheCorresioningControlSignal.Tietokoneenmuotoinen.ThedifferencebetweenthetwoisthattherandomaccessmemoryCandirectlyExChangeDatawithThecpu.RamcanbereadandwrattuatanyTime jathespeedOfThisProcessisveryfast.Siksi duettothisadvantagefmainmemory, iTisoftenusedasatemporarydatastoragemediumForoperatSystemsorotherrunningprograms.TheuserdoesnothetheauthorityToChangetheDaTaStoredInitsinternalstorageandcannotdeleteit.TämäKindofMemoryalsObeenWideelyadted, AndhasbeenwelluseDinelconorComputersysTstems.
ForthEcentRalProcessingUnit, ItCanBeregardedasalarge-ScaleintegrationCircuitwhosEmainStaprocessandProcessVariousData.THEESTORAGECAPACICIONFECADIONALCOMPUTERISRELIAALI-PALJON, ITHASCICHIFICLYINTHEPROCESSOFLARGE-SCALEDAPROCESSING ja THEEPROCESSINGEFECTISRELIAYLOWLOW.WitherApidDevelopmentOfMyCountry'sInformationTechnologyLevel, Ahigh-ConfigurationProcessorComputerHasAppeared- jaHigh-ConfigurationProcessorisusedasthecontrolCenter, joka pelaajanopari.THECOREPARTOFTHECENTRALPROCESSINGUNITETHECONTROLLERADARITHMEETICUNIT, Mikä playanImportaNtroleinimproventTheOverLefunctionfunctionsfuntteroomin.ItCanrealizeProliferationFMultiplefunctionsSuchasRegisterControl, LogicoPeration, SignalTransMissionAndRecept, AndlayagoodfoundationForimProvingThePerFornanceFTheComputer.Pohja.
IntegroidutCircuitsActacontrolSignalsInTheComputerandExecutedifferentCommandTaSksACCordTouserOperations -ohjeet.ThecentralprocessingunitisAveryLarge-mittakaava integroitunut.ITISCOMPONEFARITHMEETICUNIT, Ohjaimet, Rekisterit jne., AsshowninTheFigurebelow.TheKeyOperationLiesInTheProcessingAndProcessingOfVariousData.
Perinteiset ComputersHAVERLYSSMALLSTORAGECAPACIANCHACICIONDLOWOPERATEFICEFICEFORLARGE-SCALEDATESS.Silloista sukupolvea.ThecentralprocessingUnitusaritheMeticUnitsandOhjainsasthemainDevices, ja jatkossa.TheseallspeedUptheoptimismingandupsgradingOfcPucontrolpermorance.
Cpubus
ThecpubusisthefastestbusinacomputSystem, anditishalsothecoreOftheCheSeTandMotherboard.PeopleSusualCallTheLocalBusDirectlyConnectedTotecpucpubusorinternalbus, ja callthoselocalbusesConnectedToVarious-ohjaaja.InacpuwitharelativeSingleinternalstructure, senisoftenonlyasetofdatatransferbuses, se, että thecPuinternalbus, joka on kirjoitettuToconnectheInternalregistersOfthecPuandThearitmeticLogicoPerationComponents, sothisteefbuscanalsobecalledEeaLubus.ThebusinsidethecomponentConnectsTheChipstogetherbyusingasetofbuses, soitcanbecalledtheBusInSidetheComponent, joka generallycontainstwosetsoflines, theaddressLineandthetaliini.Thesystembusreferstohtelineethatconnectsthevariouscomponents ofthestemtogether, andistheBasisforconnectingThewholesystemTether;.
Varustettu
Thearitmeticunit
ThearitmeticunitisHEPARTOFTHECOMPUTERTOTEPERFORMSVARIONARITEMEETICANDLIGICALOPERATIONS- ja ThearitheMyLogicunitisTheCentralprocessingCorePart.
(1) aritmeettisetlogicunit (ALU).AritmeticLogicunitRefertoakombinationAllogiccircuitThatcanrealizemultiplesetsofaritmeticoperationsandLogicoperations, ja vastakohta.THEEARITHMEETICLOGICUNITISMAINYTOPERFORFORTWO-Bitaritmeetikot, SuursAddition, Vähennys- ja mitat.IntSheprocessOfcalculation, thearitmeticLogicunitismAnlyToperformaritMeTicandLogicaloperationsIncentralisedComputerinstruction.Yleisesti ottaminen, alucanplayTheroleofDirektreadingandReading, joka on määrittelemällä laillisesti., InputDandOutputReimpementEdOntheBasisOftheBus.TheInputInStructionContainsSansword, mukaan lukien OPERATIONCODE, FORMOMCODEANDSOON.
(2) VäliaTeERegister (IR).ITSlengthis128bits, jaSactuallengthisDeterMedByTheOpperand.IrplaySanImportantroleinthe "PushinToStockandfetch" -ohjeet.THISTORECUTUNTONSHIRTURTON ARVOSTUSTUSTOIMENTORIA JA THENTHEENPERANDISSFECHTOACC, JA TÄYTTÖT.
(3) Operatiivinen akku (ACC).CurruntReReSareGenerallySingLeaccumulaattorit.FORACC, ITCANBEREGARDEDASAVARIABLELLENGTACCUMULATOR.IntSheprocessOfartingstructions, the ExpressionfathentfaccisgeneralybedonTheValuefacs- ja thelengthofacSisDirectlyRelatedTothelengthaccc, kaksinkertainen,.
(4) KuvausWordRegister (DR).ITISMAINDUSETTOSTOREANDMODIFYDESPRICTORMS.Thelengthofdris64bits.InorderTosimplifyDataStructureProcessing,.
(5) Rekisteröi.ItPlaySanImportaNtroleinthemodificationsFinstructions.TheBregisteris32bits, and theddressModificationAMountCanbesaveDinTheProcessOfmodifeTheaddress.ThemainMemoryAddressCanonlyBemodifiedWithescriptionWord.POINTINGTOTHEFIRSTELESTINTHEARRAYESTHESTRIPTIONSWORD, SOACCESTOTOTEESEMINTHERAYSHOULTREQUIREAMODIFIER.FornumberComposition, itiscompoosedOfDataOfTheSesizeOrElementsSESESESIZE -.ThecommonaccessmethodisVectordScriptionWord.BacausetheaddressInVectordScriptionWordByByAddress, IntheConversionProcess, TheBasicaddressSouldBeaddedFirst.ForthEconversionwork, itismaAnLyrealisedAutOmAtByHardware.IntHisprocess, SpecialTentionsphoutBepaidtoAlignment, SOASNOTTOEXCIEDTEtheBoundaryOftHArray.
Ohjain
THEECONTROLLEREFERSTOCHANGINGTEWIRINGOFTHEMAINCUTECTORTECONTROLCIUTEDADCHANGINGTERESISTANCEVALUEINTORICUTUTSACCORDINGTOAPREDETERMIND -sekvenssi.TothemasterDevice.ThecontrolleriscomponedofThepRogramStatusRegisterPSR, TheSystemStatusRregristsR,.Asa "päätöksenteko", temaintakistoSUECommandSandPlayTheroleOfCoordiningandCommandingThe operationFtheTireComponenSystem.KontrolMainlyincludestWokinds, vastaavasti, vastaavastiTheCombinationAllogicOhjain, ThemicRoprogramOhjain, ThetwopartHavetheirownAdvantagesandDisadvantages.THEMTESTIOTTEEN, JÄLKEEN.
BrandIntropanction
"Loongson" -sarja -sarjat
"Loongson" -sarja,.,Oy., käyttämällä mipsarchitecture, the INDIVENDENTILTILLECTUSPROPERTYYYTIES, PRODUCTSNOWINCLIDETHREESESERIEFLOONGSONNO.1Smallcpu, LoongsonNo.2Mediumcpuandloongsonno.3Largecpu, AndsoincluLeLoongson7a1000bridgechips.Theloongson1series32/64-bitprocessorsorsarescialDesignedFortheMeTheMeddedfield, lähinnä käytettyjencloudternals, IndustrialControl, DataCquorge, Kandheldternals, Networksecurity, ConsuRElcronicsandotherfields, WithlowPowerConsution, korkea.THELOONGSON1A32-BITPROCESSORANDLOONGSON1C64-BITPROCESSORWORKSSTEBSEATAL266-300MHZ.Theloongson1dprocessorisadedChipforultrasonicheatmetters, vesimittarit jagasterit.Vuonna 2010, silloin kirjoitusmenetelmä.ThesetWocipsaremainustedTocompetetedeDaprocessingTask1ftheter-SatelliLink.
Loongson2Seriesare64-Bithigh-Performancelow-PowerProcessorsfordesktopandHigh-EdemdedApplications.Loongson2ProductsincluLoongson2e, 2F, 2Hand2k1000Chips.ForthEfirstTime, Loongson2EHASACHIEEDEXTERNALPRODUPRAPTIONADSALSAUTHORING.Theaverageperformanceofloongson2fismorethan20%korkeamman astianthatofloongson2e, anditCanbeUnedInPersonalComputers, IndustrialTerminaals, IndustrialControl, DataChorport, Networksecurityandotherfields.Loongson2hlauncunteditsofficialproductin2012, joka on kirjoitettu päättäjät, cloudterminaalit, verkostot, kulutuskeskuksen jakojen kentät, andcanbeusedasafull-feathedchipwithhtorpci-eterfaces.Vuonna 2018, LoongsonLaunchedTheLoongson2K1000Prosessor, joka on adaplual-CoreprocessingChipForthEfieldOfnetworksecurityandMobileIntelligence.ThrainfrequencyCanreach1ghz, joka on tarkoitettu.
Theloongson3seriesaremulti-coreprocessorsforhigh-PerformanceComopers, ServersandHigh-endDeskToPapplications, mukana.Theloongson3a3000/3b3000processoradoptsanindependentMicrostructuredesign,.5 ghzormore; theloongson3a4000, joka on suunniteltu forthemarkettin2019, isthefirstquad-corechipofloongson'shird-sukupolven tuote.Thechipisbasedona28nmprocessandadoptsNewresearchandDevelment.GS464V64-Bithigh-PerformanceProcessorCorearchitecture, AndImplements256-BitVectorInstructions, samalla kun integroidut64-bitddr3/4MemoryOhjain, integratedon-chipeSecturaleMechanism, mainfrequentyPerForancehasbeen, integrotedIMifisoiva.
Theloongson7a1000bridgeThefirstdedIedbridgesetproductofloongson.TheGoalistoReplacetheamdrs780+sb710bridgeseNandprovidenorthorth-SouthbridgefunctionFortheloongsonProcessor.ITWASRELLEEDIONFEBROUNE2018ADISCURENSESTUSUNNAINHIGH-PRESFORMANCENETTOWWORTSFORMWITHLOONGSON3A3000ADZIGUANG4GDDR3MEMORY.Verrattuna3a3000+780Eplatform, THEPROGRAMHASBEENBEENTESTIMENTTIONTORVAAJENNUSTUMATTOMATTOMAISUUDET, JOTKAA.
Intel
Mukana, ASOF2021, Intel's11th-sukupolvenConsuMerCorehasFiveTypeSofproducts: I9/I7/I5/I3/Pentium/Celeron.Lisäksi ThereExeon Platinum/kulta/hopea/pronssi forserversandxeonWSeriesForHedTplatform.
AMD
ASOF2021, Amdryzen5000SeriesProcessorsHaveFourConsumerProductLines: Ryzen9/Ryzen7/Ryzen5/Ryzen3.INDADDION, THEEAREETHIRD-GENERATIONEXIAOLONGEPYCPROCESSORTORTHESERVERMARTEDTHTHREADTEARERSERIES ForthehedTplatForm.
Shanghaizhaoksiinia
ShanghaizhaoxinIntegrationCircuitco.,Oy.Isastate-omistamaomistaminen.Sen prosessorsadoptthex86archecture.Tuotteet,.KAIXIANKX-5000SERIESPROCESSOSADOPT28NMPROCESSANDAREAVAALLIN4-COREOR8-Coreversions.Theoveralperformanceisupto140%korkeampi kuin hehtHanthepreViousgenerationproduct, saavuttaen NationalMainstreamgeneral-PurposeProcessorperForNanceleVel, joka on tietysti mmettheThePartyandGovernmentDesktopOfficAplications, andAvartyoveovEoveSePlicationsincluding4KultRa.Kaishengkh-20000SeriesProcessorsarecpuproductsLaunchedbyzhaoxinForserversandotherequipment.Kaixiankx-6000seriesprocessorsHaveamAnFreecucyofupto3.0GHzandarekompaidiointiWithAfullRangeOfWindowsoperaTingSystemsdDomESTESTED -tuotetuista edustajista.ThePerformanceSequivalentTointel'sSevent-GenerationCorei5.
Shanghai Shenwei
ShenweiprocessorisReferredToas "Swprocessor", Fromdec'salpha21164, adoptsalphaarchitecture, hascompleyInnedentInTelleLuctualPropertyRightrights, jaSproductShavesingLecoresW-1, Dual-Coresw-2, Quad-Coresw-410, kuusen-coresw-1600/.Thesunwayblu-raysupercomputerUsut8704sw-1600, varustettu.SinceitsreleaseinJune2016,the"Shenwei·LightofTaihu"supercomputerbasedonSw-26010hasrankedfirstintheworld'sTOP500supercomputersforfourconsecutivetimes,andtwoitemsonthe"Shenwei·LightofTaihu"Tensofmillionsofcoremachineapplicationswonthe"GordonBell"award,theworld'shighestawardforhigh-performancecomputingapplicationsin2016and2017.
Luokittelu
OhjeetMethod
Klassifikaatio,.ThelengthandExecutionTimeOfRiscinstructionSareconstant, WhileTheLengthAndExecutionTimeOfCiscinstructionSarenotNEtNery.ThedegreeofparallelelexecutionofRiscinstructionSisbetter jaTeficacency ofTheCompileRisalsohigher.TheciscinstructionhasbetteroptimisionFordifferentTasks, AtTheCostOfComplexCircuitsandmorediffultOnTiMproveParallelism.TheTetyypisetCiscinstructionSethasthex86Micro-arkkitehtuuri ja theTypicalRiscinstructionSethastHearMicro-arkkitehtuuri.INMODERNPROCESSORCHITECTURES, BOTHRISCANDCISCINSTRUCTIONSWILLBECONVERTDURNSTHEDECODINGPROCESSADSPLITInTORISC-MIKESTRUNTIONSIDETHECPU
Upotettu systemcpu
Perinteinen kuvausTheTypeOfDomainRefertoAveryWiderange, anditishTheMainApplicationdomainOfprocessorsinadditionTotheserverandpcDomains.Näiden "upotettu" tarkoittaa, että ProcessorconinedInitisasifitisembeddedIntandisunknown,.
Persyynninkorut, WiththefurTherDevelopmentOfVariousNewTechnologiesandNewfields, TheembeddedfieldIselfhasalsobEenDeveleDInTeveralDifferentsub-kentällä.
FirstOfall, WithEdEvelopmentOfSMartphones (MobileSmartphone) AndhandHeldDevices (MobileDevices), niiden kanssa.BacausetheprocessorinthemobilefieldneedstoloadthelinuxoperatingsysemandInVolvesAcomplexSofwareCosystem.
Seuraavaksi.Suhteellisenkatsuva, tämä FieldDoesnothAvesuchseriousSoftwarePenence, Sothereisnoabsolutemonopoly.Kuitenkin DueTothesuccessfulcomercialPromotionOfarmProcessorip, Arm'sprocessorarchitecturESTILLACCOUNTSFORTOFTHEMACTHSHARE.Muu Processorarchitecturessuchassynopsysarc jne..Myös.
Lopuksi.Tämä kentällä.Thedemandinthisfieldisverylarge, buthendstofocusonlowpowerconsulkment, matalapotilas.Siinä.Mahdollisimmin.Siksi theEdEnenceOnTheSoftwareCologySisrelatiivisestiLowLow.
Mainframecpu
Mainframe, ormainframe.MainframesuseDedIedProcessorInStructionSets, OperatingSystems ja AndApplicationsOftware.TheTermMainframeoriginallyReferredToalargecomponenSystemhousedeverylargeironboxwithAframetoDistRaceFromsMallerminicomocetersandMicrocomputers.
Vähentäminen.SAVINGEACHCPUCYCLECANNOTONLYDELAYHARDWAREUPGRADES, BETALSOREUCESOFTWARELICENSINGFEESBASEDONTHESCALEOFUSE.
ThemaAinFramearchitEctureMainly LinustheShefollowingTwopoints: AHighDegreeofvirtualisointi, andallSystemResourcesaresared.THerainframecanIntegrateaLarGenumberofLoadSintotonAndMaximizeresourceUtilization; asynkronous/operations.Se, whenthei/ooperationispermissorted, thecpuHandsthei/oinstructionStothei/osubsystemforcompletion ja thecpuitSelfisrellededExecuteotherinstructions.Siksi TheHostCanperformotherSksatThesametimeWhilePerformingheavyi/OTASKS.
ControlTechnologyForm
VoimakkaanDataprocessingfunctionFtheCentralprocessingunithaseffektiveSInProvedTheworkeffecentive OfTheComputer.IntHEDATaprocessingoperation, ITISNOTJUSTASIPPLEOPATION.THEEPROCESSORISBASEDONTHEINTRUCTIONTESTISTUEDBYTHECOMPUTERUSER- jaTHECONTROLINSTRUCTIONPUTBYTHEUSCORRORESSEST.Withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyinourcountry,computersarewidelyusedinpeople'slives,work,andcorporateofficeautomation.AsamasterControldevice, he kirjoittavat.ProcesshasbeenGreatlyImproved.CommandControl, todellinenControl, OperationControl jne.ARTEEPERFORNANCEFPLICATICATIONSFONPUTERCUPUTECHNOLOGY.
(1) SelectionControl.THECENTRALISDPROCESSINGMODEISIMPLEMENTEDONTHEBASISOFSPEIFIFICPROGRAMINSTRUCTOMESTOMEETTHENEDSOFCONPUTERUSERS.ThecpucanchooseaccordingtotheactualSituationdurdingthe operationTomeettheuser'sdataflowRequirements.TheimportantroleplayedbyCommandantroltNology.AIKAISEKSI, TAKAISIN.THEECHECPU: n aikana.Vain byBollowingAccomecencecanTheComputeruseEffectBeGuaranted.THEECPUISMAYNESTOEXPANDTHEAutomaticprocessingOfDatasets, joka on leimannutKeytorealizecentralizedControl jaScoreisInstructionControleration.
(2) InsertionControl.Operatiivisen kontrollignalbyThecpuisAnlyrealizedbyHefunctionsfinshrictions and thePurposeOfControllingtheseComponentsisAchievedBysendStheinstructionStoTheCorresprourcomponents.TherealationofaninstructionFunctionismAnlyAcCompleedByAsequenceOfOperationsPerformedByTheComponentsInTheComputer.MoresMallControlComponentsAretHeKeTobuildingAcentralizedProcessingMode, ThePurposeistobetterCompleteTheCPudaAprocessingOperations.
(3) Timekontroli.Soveltaminen imeTimingToVariousoperationsistheso-DelledTimeControl.Kun ITSANInstructionisExeCeCeceT, sen tulisi olla täydennetty.THEESTHECPUFISCHECHEDFROMTHECACHORMEMORY, JA THENHEESTRUCTIONDECODINGOPERATIONSPERFORMED, joka on asetettu.IntHisprocess, iTisNESTEYTOPAYATTIONTTOSTRICTLYCONTROLTHEPROGRAGHTIME.
Turvallisuusongelmat
FlouringDevelopmentOfcpusalsobringSmanYSecuritySues.TheFDIVbug(Pentiumfloatingpointdivisionerror)thatappearedonthePentiumprocessorin1994cancauseerrorsinthedivisionoffloating-pointnumbers;theF00FabnormalinstructiononthePentiumprocessorin1997cancausetheCPUtocrash;theIntelprocessortrustedexecutiontechnologyin2011(TXT,trustedexecutiontechnology)hasabufferoverflowproblem,whichcanbeusedbyattackersforprivilegeescalation;avulnerabilityintheIntelmanagementengine(ME,managementengine)componentin2017canleadtoremoteunauthorizedarbitrarycodeexecution;in2018,TwoCPUvulnerabilitiesinMeltdownandSpectrehaveaffectedalmosteverycomputingdevicemanufacturedinthepast20years,leavingtheprivateinformationstoredonbillionsofdevicesatriskofbeingleaked.TheseSecuritySuesHavESerleDerNArEdNationalNetworksecurity, kriittisenfrastruktuuriturvallisuus ja tietoturvaturvallisuussuhteet, andhaveCauseDorwillCauseHugelseses.
Vertailu
GPU
GpuistheImageProcessor.TheWorkFlowandphysicalstructureofcPuandgPUareroughlysIMilar.Verrattuna,.Suurimmalla henkilöllä.Ifthecpuwantstodrawatwo-ulottuvuusgraprafiikka, itonlynedstosendaninstructionTegpu, ja thegpucanquicklycalculateallthepiksielit.SinineThegPugeneratesalofheat, siellä silloin.
Rakenne
CpuhasaPowerfularitMeticoperationUnit, joka on CancompletEritheticCalculationsinafewClockCycles.Atthesametime, siellä onargecachethatcanstorealotofDatainit.INDADDION, THEEECOMPLEXLOGICCONTROLUNITS, WHUNDUCTEEDELAYBYPROVINGBRANCHPREDICTIONCAPABIABYYTTIMUKSET.Gpuisbasedonalargethroughputdesign, witmanyaritmeticoperationUnitSandfewcaches.Atthesametime, GPusupportsalarGenumberofThreadstorunatthesametime.IftheyNeedToAccessTheSameAta, TheCachewillmergetheseaccesses, mitkä saavat.DesptetedeLay, koska itcanachieveaverylargethroughputeffect.
UseagesCenarios
On selvää, että becausethecpuhasalargenumberofCachesandComplexLogicControlunits, itisveryGoodatLogicControlandSerialoperations.Incomparison, GpuhasalarGenumberofaritMeticoperationUnts, SoitCanperFormalarGenumberofCalculationsatTheSametime.ITISGoodatlarge-ScaleconcurrentCalculations.ThecalculationislargebutthereisnotEchnicalcontent, andithastoberePeatedManYTimes.IntShisway, ThewayWeusegPutonIncreaSethespedOfProgramoperationisobVious.KäyttämälläCputODoComplexLogicControlandgputodosimplebutlargearitheMecoperationsCangReTInProvetherunningspeedOfTheProgrammi.
Turhautumiskehitys
General-purposecentralprocessingUnit (CPU) ChipisabasiccomponentTheInformationInnormadandAcorEcomponenennfony.MyCountry'slackOfCputEchnologyandIndIndortwithinnecendentIntellectualProperteRightShasnotOnlyCaustheInformationDocryTobecontrolledbyers -."Kymmenennen vuoden aikana" -jakson aikana, silloinen "863-ohjelma" begantosupportEnpedentResearchandDevelopmentOfcpus.Duringthe"EleventhFive-YearPlan"period,the"CoreElectronicDevices,High-endGeneral-purposeChipsandBasicSoftwareProducts"("NuclearHighPohja")majorprojectintroducedtheCPUachievementsofthe"863Program"intotheindustry.Alkaen "kahdestoistavuotisen plan" -jakson, MyCountryHascarriedOutindePideResearchandDevelopmentOfCPUApplicationsandPilotProjectsInManyfields, forminganindePendentTechnologyandustrialSystemwithinacetRange.Kuitenkin ulkomaalaiset.