Käsitteen määritelmä
Civilaviationreferstotheuseofvarioustypesofaircraftforactivitiesotherthannationalaviationactivitiessuchasnationaldefense,policeandcustomsAllaviationactivities.
1.Siviilitoiminta on osa ilmailutoimintaa
2."Using"aircraftdefinestheboundarybetweenitandtheaviationmanufacturingindustry
3.ItandthemilitaryAviationandothernationalaviationactivitiesaredifferent
RelatedSummary
Thepromulgationofthe"määräyksiä"meansthat,inadditiontoinvestableairlines,bothstate-ownedandnon-state-ownedinvestmententitiesDomesticcapitalinChinawillalsobeallowedtointerveneinairportoperationsandaviationfuelsupply.ThedoorofChina'scivilaviationindustryhasbeencompletelyopenedtodomesticcapital.Thisindicatesthattheregulatoryenvironmentfordomesticcapitalinvestmentinthecivilaviationindustryhasbeenbasicallysound.AttheendofDecember2009,theCivilAviationAdministrationofChinadecidedtoincludetheflightoperationsofaircraftundertheSalvageandSalvageBureauoftheMinistryofTransportintothescopeofcivilaviationsafetymanagement.ThisindicatesthattheflightoperationqualificationandsafetysupervisionissuesthathaveplaguedtheSalvageBureauoftheMinistryofTransportformanyyearshavebeenresolved,andlaidasolidfoundationforthefurtherdevelopmentoftherescueflightteamoftheMinistryofTransport.
Perusjohdanto
Sincethe1950s,thescopeofcivilaviationserviceshascontinuedtoexpandandhasbecomeanimportanteconomicsectorofacountry.Thedevelopmentofcommercialaviationismainlymanifestedintherapidgrowthofpassengerandcargotransportation,andregularroutesaredenselydistributedonallcontinentsoftheworld.Duetoaseriesofadvantagessuchasspeed,safety,comfort,andfreedomfromterrainrestrictions,commercialaviationoccupiesauniquepositioninthetransportationstructure.Itpromotesthedevelopmentofdomesticandinternationaltrade,tourismandvariouscommunicationactivities,enablingdevelopmentinashortperiodoftime.Remoteareasbecomepossible.
Theservicesofgeneralaviationinindustryandagriculturemainlyincludeaerialphotogrammetry,aerialphysicalprospecting,seeding,fertilization,pesticidesprayingandaerialforestprotection.Ithastheoutstandingadvantagesofhighworkquality,savingtimeandmanpower.Helicoptersalsoplayauniqueroleinoffshoreoilexplorationservicesandaerialliftingoperations.Insomecountrieswithdevelopedaviation,themaincomponentsofgeneralaviationareofficialflightsandcommuterflightsofgovernmentagenciesandenterprises.Thisisduetothefactthattheairline'sregularroutescannotmeetthescattered,regularandirregularneedsandtheriseofflying.Inaddition,generalaviationalsoincludespersonalentertainmentflights,sportsperformancesandcompetitionflights.
Thebasicrequirementofcivilaviationissafetyandreliability.Forcommercialaviationpassengertransportationandgeneralaviationcommutingandbusinessflights,italsorequirespunctualityandcomfort.
Yleiskatsaus Kiinaan
China'scivilaviationindustryhasdevelopedrapidlysincethe1970s.Bytheendof1983,therewere203domesticandinternationalrouteswithatotalmileageofmorethan370,000kilometers,includinginternationalroutes.23,to23citiesin19countriesinAsia,Africa,Europe,NorthAmericaandOceania.
DomesticrouteshaveconnectedBeijingwithcapitalsandmajorcitiesofallprovinces(exceptTaiwanProvince),andtheycanarriveonthesameday.
Chinesecivilaviationcompaniesalsooperateaseriesofservicesforindustrialandagriculturalproduction,suchasaerialphotography,aerialprospecting,maritimeservices,andagriculturalseeding(referredtoasprofessionalaviationinChina).
After1980,somelocalgovernmentsandotherdepartmentsalsobegantooperategeneralaviationservicessuchasoffshoreoilservicesandregionaltourism.
Sincethereformandopeningup,China'scivilaviationhascontinuedtodeveloprapidlyandhealthily,anditsscale,qualityandefficiencyhaveleapttoanewlevel.
——Henkilöresurssit.Alalla on noin 350 000 työntekijää.Vuoden 2012 lopussa oli 31 381 lentäjää, 16 100 lentokelpoista huoltohenkilöstöä ja 3 600 lennonjohtajaa.
——Airline.Asoftheendof2012,mycountryhad46transportationairlines.Accordingtodifferentcategories,therewere36state-ownedholdingcompanies,10privateandprivateholdingcompanies;10all-cargoairlines;14Sino-foreignjointventureairlines;and5listedcompanies.Asoftheendof2011,123generalaviationcompanieshaveobtainedgeneralaviationoperatinglicenses,including33inNorthChina,23inCentralandSouthChina,22inEastChina,15inNortheastChina,13inSouthwestChina,11inNorthwestChina,Xinjiang6intheregion.
——Aircraft.Thereare982transportaircraftintheindustry,including937passengeraircraftand45cargoaircraft.Thenumberoftransportaircraftinthecivilaviationindustryattheendoftheperiodwas1,764,anincreaseof167overthepreviousyear.Asoftheendof2011,thetotalnumberofregisteredaircraftofgeneralaviationenterprisesattheendoftheperiodreached1,124,ofwhich303wereusedforteachingandtraining.
——Airport.Asoftheendof2011,113airportsofBoeing737andabove(including25airportsforBoeing747)and34airportsforBoeing737andbelow.
In2005,amongcivilaviationtransportationairports,therewere7airportswithapassengerthroughputofmorethan10millionpassengers,9airportswith5-10millionpassengers,and26airportswith1to5millionpassengers.ThepassengerthroughputofthethreemajorairportsinBeijing,Shanghai/PudongandGuangzhouranks14th,44thand45thintheworld.
In2012,therewere57transportationairportswithanannualpassengerthroughputofmorethan1millionpassengers.ThepassengerthroughputofairportsinBeijing,ShanghaiandGuangzhouaccountedfor30.7%ofthetotalairportpassengerthroughput.
——Fixedassetinvestment.Duringthe"TenthFive-YearPlan"period,thetotalinvestmentinfixedassetsinthecivilaviationindustryreached82billionyuan,ofwhich22.3billionyuanwasfundedbythecentralgovernment.Ofthefixedassetinvestment,airportconstructionwas70.7billionyuan,airtrafficmanagementwas7billionyuan,safetyfacilitieswere1.3billionyuan,andscience,educationandinformationwas3billionyuan.Duringthe"EleventhFive-YearPlan"period,civilaviationinvestmentinfixedassetswillbefurtherincreased.Thetotalinvestmentisexpectedtobe163billionyuan,includingairportconstruction140billionyuan,airtrafficcontrolconstruction11billionyuan,safetyfacilitiesconstruction5billionyuan,scienceandeducationinformation7billionyuan.In2012,thetotalinvestmentinfixedassetsofcivilaviationreached146.46billionyuan.
——Transportationscale.Thecivilaviationhas1,257domestic,internationalandregionalroutes,including1024domesticroutes(including43HongKongandMacauroutes)and233internationalroutes.Thereare4023flightseveryday,including3602domesticflightsand421internationalflights.Thetotalmileageofdomestic,internationalandregionalrouteshasreached2millionkilometers.Theaveragegrowthrateofmycountry'scivilaviationismorethantwicetheaverageoftheworld'scivilaviation.ThetotalturnoveroftransportationintheICAOcontractingstateshasbeenraisedfrom9thin2000to2ndin2005.
In2012,theindustrycompletedatotaltransportationturnoverof61.03billionton-kilometers,anincreaseof3.288billionton-kilometersoverthepreviousyear,anincreaseof5.7%,ofwhichpassengerturnoverwas44.643billionton-kilometers,anincreaseof4.29billionton-kilometersoverthepreviousyear.10.6%;cargoandmailturnoverwas16.389billionton-kilometers,adecreaseof1.02billionton-kilometersor5.8%overthepreviousyear.
——Universitiesandresearchinstitutes.Asoftheendof2012,mycountryhad183certifiedtransportationairports,anincreaseof3overthepreviousyear.Thereare2scientificresearchinstitutesand11scientificresearchbases.In2012,civilaviationcollegesanduniversitiesenrolledatotalof18,006students,including676postgraduates,14,125generalundergraduateandjuniorcollegestudents,2,698adultenrollment,and507technicalsecondaryschoolstudents.Thethreecivilaviationspecialprofessionalprogramsofflight,maintenance,andairtrafficcontrolenroll7,161students,accountingfor50.4%ofthetotalenrollmentplan.In2012,thenumberofstudentsenrolledincollegesanduniversitiesdirectlyunderthecivilaviationreached55,101,including1,759postgraduatestudents,45270generalundergraduateandjuniorcollegestudents,6,250adultenrollment,and1822technicalsecondaryschoolstudents.
Asiaankuuluvat määritelmät
Definition:Allaviationactivitiesotherthannationalaviationactivitiessuchasnationaldefense,police,andcustomsthatusevarioustypesofaircraftarecalledcivilaviation.
Luokittelu
Itisdividedintotwoparts.Publicairtransportationandgeneralaviation
Julkinen lentoliikenne (kaupallinen ilmailu)
Alsocalledairtransportation.Referstotheaviationactivitiesofcommercialpassengerandcargotransportationbyaircraft.Itsoperationalnatureshowsthatthisisacommercialactivitywithprofitasitspurpose.Itisalsoatransportationactivity.Thiskindofaviationactivityisacomponentoftransportation,andtogetherwithrailways,highways,waterwaysandpipelines,itformsthecountry'stransportationutilizationsystem.Althoughairtransportationisrelativelysmallcomparedwithothermodesoftransportationintermsoftransportationvolume,duetotherapidandlong-distancetransportationcapabilitiesandhighefficiency,therankingofairtransportationinthetotaloutputvaluehasbeencontinuouslyimproved,andithasbeenneutralizedinthewaveofeconomicglobalization.Internationalexchangesareplayinganirreplaceableandgrowingrole.
Kaupalliset lentokoneet (16 kuvaa)
Yleisilmailu
Afterairtransportisdividedasapartofcivilaviation,therestofcivilaviationiscollectivelyreferredtoasgeneralaviationTherefore,generalaviationincludesmanycontents,andthescopeisverybroad.Itcanberoughlydividedintothefollowingcategories:(l)Industrialaviation:includingtheuseofaircraftforvariousactivitiesrelatedtoindustryandmining.SpecificapplicationsincludeAerialphotography,aerialremotesensing,aerialgeophysicalprospecting,aerialhoisting,petroleumaviation,aviationenvironmentalmonitoring,etc.Inthesefields,theadvantagesofaviationcanbeusedtocompletemanyprojectsthatcouldnotbecarriedoutbefore,suchasoffshoreoilextraction.Withoutaviationtoprovideconvenienttransportationandlogisticsservices,itisdifficulttoimaginesuchanindustry.Others,suchasaerialprospectingandaerialphotography,haveacceleratedtheprogressofthesetasksfromdozenstohundredsoftimes.
(2)Agriculturalaviation:includingaviationserviceactivitiesforagriculture,forestry,animalhusbandry,andfisheryindustries.Amongthem,forestfireprevention,fireextinguishing,andpesticidespreadingareunmatchedbyothermethods.
(3)Aviationscientificresearchandexpeditionactivities:includingverificationofnewtechnologies,testflightsofnewaircraft,andmeteorologicalandastronomicalobservationsandexpeditionscarriedoutbyaircraft.
(4)Flighttraining:Inadditiontotrainingairforcepilots,theflightactivitiesofschoolsandclubsthattrainvarioustypesofpilots.
(5) Ilmailuurheilu: urheilutoiminta, jota harjoittavat useat ilma-alukset, kuten laskuvarjohypyt, purjelentokoneet, kuumailmapallot ja ilmailumallilajit.
(6)Businessaviation:largeenterprisesandseniorgovernmentexecutivesusetheirownaircraftforofficialactivities.Theemergenceofmultinationalcorporationsandtheexpansionofthescaleofenterpriseshavecausedmoreandmorebusinessjetstobeprovidedbyenterprises,andbusinessaviationhasbecomeanindependentdepartmentofgeneralaviation.
(7)Yksityinen ilmailu:Yksityinen oma lentokone lentotoimintaa varten.
Yleisilmailuinmycountrymainlyreferstothefirstfivecategories,andthelattertwocategorieshaveonlybeguntodevelopinmycountry.However,insomeaviationpowers,aircraftusedbybusinessaviationandprivateaviationaccountforthevastmajorityofgeneralaviation.
Sävellys
Civilaviationiscomposedofthefollowingthreemajorparts:governmentdepartments,civilaviationenterprises,andcivilaviationairports
Kenraalilentokone (20 kuvaa)
Hallituksen osastot
TheCivilAviationAdministrationofChinaisreferredtoastheCivilAviationAdministrationofChinaorCAAC,whichisthenationalbureauoftheStateCouncilofthePeople'sRepublicofChinainchargeofcivilaviation.ItspredecessorwastheCivilAviationAdministrationofChina,whichwaschangedtotheCivilAviationAdministrationofChinainMarch2008.Therearemanyaffairsinvolvingnationalsovereigntyandexchanges,requiringrapidcoordinationandunifieddispatch.Therefore,almosteverycountryhassetupindependentgovernmentagenciestomanagecivilaviationaffairs.mycountryismanagedbytheCivilAviationAdministrationofChina.Themaincontentsofgovernmentmanagementare:
(l)Formulatevariouscivilaviationlawsandregulations,andsupervisetheimplementationoftheselawsandregulations.
(2) Suunnittele, hyväksy ja hallinnoi ilmailuyrityksiä.
(3)Planandmanageairroutes,andmanagedailyairtraffictoensurethesafe,effectiveandrapidimplementationofairflight.
(4)Toreviewandissuecertificatesforthemanufactureanduseofcivilaircraftandrelatedtechnicalequipmenttoestablishtechnicalstandards,supervisesafety,andinvestigateandhandlecivilaircraftflightaccidents.
(5)Manageinternationalcivilaviationexchangesandnegotiationsonbehalfofthecountry,participateininternationalorganizationsandinternalactivities,andsafeguardtheinterestsofthecountry.
(6)Unifiedplanningandbusinessmanagementofcivilaviationairports.
(7)Establishworkstandards,issuelicenses,andconductassessmentsforalltypesofcivilaviationprofessionalstotraincivilaviationstaff.
Siviili-ilmailuyritys
referstoalltypesofenterprisesengagedinthecivilaviationindustry,themostimportantofwhichistheairtransportcompany,whichiswhatweoftencallairlines,Theycontrolaircrafttoengageinproductionandtransportation,whichisthemainsourceofincomeforthecivilaviationindustry.Othertypesofaviationcompanies,suchasfuel,aviationmaterials,sales,etc.,allcarryoutactivitiesaroundtransportationcompanies.Thebusinessofanairlineismainlydividedintotwoparts:oneisthemaintenanceandmanagementofaircraftuse(flight),andtheotheristheoperationandsalesofthecompany.
Siviili-ilmailulentokenttä
Theairportistheintegrationpointofcivilaviationandthewholesociety,andtheairportisalsoapublicservicefacilityinaregion.Therefore,airportsarenotonlyaprofit-makingenterprisebutalsoabusinessthatservesthelocalpublic.Therefore,mostairportsintheworldaresemi-enterpriseinstitutionsunderthejurisdictionoflocalgovernments.Airportsthatmainlyserveairtransportationarecalledairports.Orsimplytheairport,theairportisgenerallyusedbylargertransportaircraft,andtheairportmusthaveanarea(terminalbuilding)andcorrespondingfacilitiesforpassengers.
Civilaviationisahugeandcomplexsystem,inwhichtherearecommercialgovernmentagencies,corporateairlines,andsemi-corporateairports.Thecoordinatedoperationofallpartscanensuretherapiddevelopmentofcivilaviation.goahead.
Asiaankuuluvat määräykset
Varaus ja lipunosto
PassengerscanonlyreserveaseatwiththePassengerplaneboarding.Passengerscanreserveseatsattheairlineticketofficeoritsagentticketofficeinaccordancewithrelevantregulations.Passengerswhohavereservedseatsshouldpurchaseticketsinaccordancewiththeticketpurchasetimelimitsetbytherelevantairlines.Iftheticketisnotpurchasedwithinthetimelimit,theseatreservationwillbecancelled.Topurchasetickets,Chinesepassengersmustpresenttheir"ResidentIDCard"orothervalididentificationdocumentsandfillinthe"PassengerReservationForm";foreigntravelers,overseasChinese,HongKong,Macao,andTaiwancompatriotsmustpresentvalidpassportsandhomevisitpermitstopurchasetickets,Taiwancompatriotpermit,residencepermit,travelpermitorothervalididentificationdocumentsissuedbypublicsecurityorgans,andfillinthe"PassengerReservationForm."Childrenovertwoyearsoldandunder12yearsoldpay50%ofthefulladultfare.Infantsundertheageoftwoarechargedat10%ofthefulladultfareanddonotoccupyaseatalone.Eachadultpassengercanonlyhaveoneinfanttoenjoythisfare.
Erikoishenkilöstö
Handicappedsoldiers,overseasChineseinforeigngroups,Taiwancompatriots,HongKongandMacaocompatriotswhotakeaChinesecivilflighttobuydiscountedfareticketsshouldapplyProcedure①DisabledsoldierswhotakeaChinesecivilairlinertopurchasediscountedfareticketsshouldgothroughthefollowingprocedures:Ⅰ.Disabledsoldierswhotakeacivilianflightonthenetworktobuydiscountedfaretickets,inadditiontotheticketintroductionletterandresidentIDortemporaryIDoftheunitorreceptionunit,mustalsoshowthe"revolutionarydisabledsoldiercertificate".Thefirsttypeoffarediscountis20%preferentialtreatment.Ⅱ.Disabledsoldierswhohavelostthe"RevolutionaryDisabledServicemanCertificate"andarestillintheprocessofreapplyingcanpurchaseapreferentialdiscountedfareticketwiththelosscertificateissuedbytheirunitandotherrelevantprocedures.②OverseasChinese,Taiwancompatriots,HongKongandMacaocompatriotsinforeigngroupsshouldgothroughthefollowingprocedurestopurchasediscountedfaretickets:Ⅰ.OverseasChinese,compatriotsfromTaiwan,compatriotsfromHongKongandMacaowhopurchasediscountedfareticketsinforeignguestgroupsmustpresentacertificateofpurchaseofdiscountedticketsandothervalidtraveldocumentsissuedbythehostorganizationseparately.Ⅱ.ThosereceivingagentsmustprovidetraveldocumentsofoverseasChinese,compatriotsfromTaiwan,compatriotsfromHongKongandMacao.IfthetraveldocumentsforoverseasChinese,Taiwancompatriots,HongKongandMacaocompatriotscannotbeprovidedforsomereason,thedeductioncanbepurchasedwiththecertificateissuedbythereceptionunit.
Ⅲ.Jos haluat ostaa lentolippuja, sinun on täytettävä "Matkustajan ostovarauslomake".
Vahvista paikka uudelleen
Passengerholdsareservedseatconnectionorround-trippassengerticket,suchasstayingattheconnectionorreturnplaceformorethan72hours,Mustgothroughtheseatreconfirmationproceduresbefore12noontwodaysbeforethedepartureoftheconnectingorreturnflight.Otherwise,theoriginalseatwillnotbereserved.
Lipun voimassaoloaika
Thevalidityperiodofdomestictransportticketsisoneyear.Regularticketsshallbecountedfromthedatethepassengerbeginstotravel,andnon-scheduledticketsshallbecountedfromzeroo'clockonthedayfollowingtheissuanceoftheticket.
Lippujen vaihtomenettelyt
Afterpurchasingtheticket,ifapassengerwishestochangetheflight,date,andclassofservice,hemustbe48beforethedepartureoftheoriginallydesignatedflightRaisedhours.Ticketscanonlybechangedonce.
Ticketscanonlybechangedonce,andiftheyarechangedagain,theymustberepurchasedinaccordancewiththerelevantregulationsonrefunds.However,duetothecancellation,advancement,delay,changeoftheitinerary,ortheinabilityoftheoriginalseatreservationoftheflyingairline,theairlineshouldprioritizethepassengertotakethefollow-upflightorendorsetheflightofotherairlinesasmuchaspossible;Duetotheabovereasons,whenthepassenger'sclassofclassalsoneedstobechanged,thedifferenceinthefarewillberefundedormadeup.
Lossof Tickets
Passengerswholosetheirticketsshouldapplyinwritingtothecarrieroritsagenttoreportthelossandprovidesufficientproof.Thecarrierwillrefundtheticketafteracertainperiodinaccordancewithairlineregulations.Ifthetickethasbeenfraudulentlyusedorrefundedbeforetheapplicationforreportingtheloss,thecarrierisnotresponsible.
Maksun palautus
①Individualpassengerswhoapplyforarefund24hoursbeforethedeparturetimeoftheflightlistedontheticketmustpay5%oftheoriginalticketpriceMaksun palautusfee;within24hoursofthescheduleddeparturetimeoftheflight,2hoursincludingthepreviousrequestforarefund,arefundfeeof10%oftheoriginalticketmustbepaid;ifarefundisrequestedwithin2hoursbeforethedepartureoftheflight,20%oftheoriginalticketmustbepaidIfarefundisrequestedafterthedeparturetimeoftheflight,itwillbeprocessedasano-showrefund,andano-showfeeof50%oftheoriginalticketpriceshallbepaid.(Itendswhencheck-inproceduresarestopped30or45minutesbeforethescheduleddeparturetimeoftheflight.)
②Vapaaehtoiset hyvitykset ryhmämatkustajille lippujen ostamisen jälkeen peritään hyvitysmaksuista seuraavien määräysten mukaisesti:
ⅠGrouppassengerswhorequestarefund72hoursbeforethescheduleddeparturetimeoftheflightmustpayarefundfeeof10%oftheoriginalticketprice.
ⅡGrouppassengerswhorequestarefundwithin72hoursofthescheduleddeparturetimeoftheflightandbefore12noonthedaybeforethescheduleddeparturetimewillberequiredtopayarefundfeeof30%oftheoriginalticketprice.
ⅢIfagrouppassengerrequestsarefundafter12noonthedaybeforethescheduleddeparturetimeoftheflightandbeforetheflightdeparts,arefundfeeof50%oftheoriginalticketpriceshallbepaid.
IVGroupsholdingconnectingticketsandround-tripticketsrequestrefunds,respectively,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthefirstthreeitemsofthisarticle.
ⅤIfagrouppassengermissestheflight,theticketwillbeinvalidandtheticketpricewillnotberefunded.
(Note:theactualregulationsofeachairlineshallprevail,pleasepayattention)
Maksun palautusofdiscountedairtickets
IfIfthepassengerdecidestocanceltheoriginalflight,heshouldgototheoriginalticketofficeforrefundassoonaspossible.
ⅠIftherefundprocedureisprocessed24hoursbeforethedeparturetimeoftheplane,arefundfeeof5%oftheoriginalticketpriceshallbepaid;
ⅡDuetopassengerreasons,thescheduleddeparturetimeoftheflightis24hoursWithinhours,ifyourequestarefund2hours(inclusive)before,youneedtopayarefundfeeof10%oftheoriginalticketprice;
ⅢIfyouapplyforarefundwithin2hoursbeforetheflightdeparts,youneedtopay20%oftheoriginalticketprice.Maksun palautusfee;
ⅣIfarefundisrequestedaftertheflightdeparturetime,itwillbeprocessedasano-showrefund,andano-showfeeof50%oftheoriginalticketpriceshallbepaid;
ⅤIfitisduetocivilaviationreasonsIftheflightiscancelledduetoaplanefailure,badweather,etc.,passengersshouldgototherelevantdepartmentssuchasairportcheck-intogothroughtherefundproceduresoraskthemtosign,stampandexplainthesituationontheticket,andthengotothedesignatedplacetoprocessthefullrefund.
(Note:Pleaserefertotheactualregulationsofeachairline,pleasepayattention)
NoShow
NoShowItmeansthatthepassengerfailedtocompletethecheck-inprocedureswithinthespecifiedtimeorfailedtoboardtheflightbecausehistraveldocumentsdidnotmeettherequirements.
Intheeventofamissedflight,passengersshouldarriveatthedepartureairportforconfirmationatthelatestbefore12noon(inclusive)thenextdayaftertheflightdeparts.Afterthat,ifyourequesttochangetoasubsequentflight,theairlineswillhandleitifthereareavailableseatsontheflight,andnomissedflightfeewillbechargedonce.
Josmatkustaja pyytää hyvitystä näytöstä, hän maksaa 50%alkuperäisestä näytöstä määränpäähän.
Ilmainen matkatavara
Thefreebaggageallowanceisdeterminedbytheclassoffareactuallypaidbythepassenger,includingthefreebaggageallowanceanduncheckedbaggageallowance.
Thefreebaggageallowanceperpersonforpassengersholdingadultorchildticketsis:40kgforfirstclass,30kgforbusinessclass,and20kgforeconomyclass.Thereisnofreebaggageallowanceforpassengersholdingchildtickets.
Kuljetettavat tavarat (ei kirjatut matkatavarat)
Valuecompensation;ifthepassengerhaslostthedeclaredvalueofthebaggage,itwillbecompensatedaccordingtothedeclaredvalue.
Tavaroita ei ole sallittu kuljettaa matkatavarana
Passengersarenotallowedtocarryflammable,explosive,corrosive,toxic,Radioactivesubstances,polymerizablesubstances,alkalinesubstancesandotherdangeroussubstances.Passengersarenotallowedtocarryweapons,sharpweaponsandmurderweaponsontheplane.
Tavarat, joita ei saa kuljettaa kirjatuissa matkatavaroissa
Passengersarenotallowedtocarryconfidentialdocuments,information,diplomaticcredits,andsecuritiesincheckedluggage,Currency,billsofexchange,heavygoods,fragileandperishableitems,andotheritemsthatrequirespecialcare.Thepassengershallnotbeliableforcompensationforthelossordamageoftheabove-mentioneditemscontainedinthecheckedluggage.
Matka-asiakirjat
PassengersshouldpurchaseticketsandboardflightswithvalidIDdocuments.Thetypesofvalididentitydocumentsinclude:Chinesenationalitypassenger’sresidentidentitycard,policeofficer’scard,militaryofficer’scard;HongKongandMacaoresidentsandTaiwancompatriots’traveldocuments;foreignpassengers’passports,travelcertificatesordiplomaticcertificates;orapprovedbytheCivilAviationAdministrationofChinaOthervalididentificationdocuments.
MinorsofChinesenationalityundertheageof16canpurchaseticketsandtakeflightswiththeirstudentID,householdregistrationbooklet,orIDcardissuedbythepublicsecurityorganwherethehouseholdregistrationislocated;TicketsfortheDisabledSoldier’sCertificateshallbepurchasedbythePeople’sPolicewhoaredisabledondutywiththe“People’sPoliceDisabilityCompensationCertificate”.
Terveys
Topurchasetickets,passengerssufferingfromillnessesneedtohaveacertificateissuedbythemedicalunitfortheflight.
Vapaaehtoinen matkustajavakuutus
Passengerscandecidetopurchasepersonalaccidentinsurancefordomesticairtransportpassengersfrominsurancecompanies.Thepaymentofthisinsuranceamountdoesnotexemptorreducethelimitofcompensationthatshouldbebornebythepassenger.
määräyksiä
"Kiinan kansantasavallan siviili-ilmailulaki" otettiin käyttöön 1. maaliskuuta 1996.
"Säännöt kotimaisista investoinneista siviili-ilmailualalla(Trial)" tulivat voimaan 15. elokuuta 2005.
NewCivilAviationmääräyksiä
ChinaNewsService,November12,accordingtoforeignmediareportsonthe12th,theWorldRadiocommunicationConference(WRC)convenedbytheUnitedNationsInternationalTelecommunicationUnion(ITU)Adecisionwasmadetosetasideadedicatedradiofrequencyforusebythesatellitetrackingaircraftroutesystem.Thenewregulationsrequirecivilaviationaircrafttosendoutasignaltoreporttheirlocationatleastonceevery15minutes,anditwillbeimplementedbyNovember2016.
ThedeputiestotheNationalPeople’sCongresssuggestedthatdronesupervisionshouldbeincludedintheCivilAviationLaw,andtheCivilAviationLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaaddsachapteroncivildronemanagement.
Siviilitoiminnassa yleisesti käytetyt peruslyhenteet
ALT: Korkeus
ALTN: Vaihtoehto, Vaihtoehto
AP: Autopilotti
APU: Auxiliary PowerUnit
ATA:AirTransport Association of America
ATC: AirTrafficControl
CAAC:Civil Aviation AdministrationofChina
Ohjaamo: hytti, ohjaamo
DH: Päätöskorkeus
DME: Distance MeasuringEquipment
ECAMElectronicCentralizedAircraftMonitoring(System)
EFIS:ElectronicFlightInstrumentSystem:ElectronicFlightInstrumentSystem
EMER: Hätähätä, hätätilanne
FAA:Federal Aviation Administration (Yhdysvallat)
FADEC:FullAuthoritydigitalEngineControlfullauthoritydigitalenginecontrol
FAR:Federal Aviation Regulation (Yhdysvallat)
FMC: FlightManagementComputer
GPS:GlobalPositioningSystem
GPWS:GroundProximityWarningSystem
IATA: International AirTransport Association
ICAO:InternationalCivilAviationOrganizitionInternationalCivilAviationOrganization
ILS：InstrumentLandingSystemInstrumentLandingSystem
ISA: International StandardAtmosphere
ISOInternationalStandardizationOrganization
JAA: Joint Aviation Administration (Europe)
JAR: Joint Airworthiness Requirements
MEL: MinimumEquipmentList
NAV: Navigointi
PFD: PrimaryFlightDisplayFlightdisplay
PNPartNumber
PTT: Push-to-Talk
RA: RadioAltimeter, RadioAltitude
SN:SerialNumber
TCAS:TrafficAlertandCollisionAvoidanceSystem
VHF: Erittäin korkea taajuus
VOR:VHFOmnidirectionalRangeVHFOmnidirectionalBeacon
GA(GoAround)goaround
CFIT(Controlledflightintoterrain)controllableflightintoterrain
RVSM(ReducedVerticalSeparationMinimum)reducesverticalseparation
VIS(näkyvyys)näkyvyys
RVR (RunwayVisual Range)
ACARS(AircraftCommunicationAddressingandReportingSystem)Air-to-grounddatalinksystem(airplanecommunicationaddressingandreportingsystem)
(AOC:AirplaneOperatingControl)OperationControlCenter
Päätöskorkeus/päätöksenkorkeus(DA)/päätöksenkorkeus(DH)
MinimumDescentHeight (MDA) / MinimimDescentHeight (MDH)
ATIS(AutomaticTerminalInformationSystem)terminalautomaticinformationservicebroadcast