GuangyunSixteenPhotographs
ThesixteenphotographsareTong,Jiang,Zhi,Yu,Crab,Zhen,Mountain,Effect,Fruit,False,Dang,Stem,Zeng,Liu,Shen,Xianshe.Amongthem,Tong,Jiang,Zhen,Shan,Dang,Geng,Zeng,Shen,andXianhaveincomingsound,butstop,encounter,crab,effect,fruit,false,andflowhavenoincomingsound.
ShenandXianshe’sentrancetones[p],ZhenandShanshe’sentrancetones[t],Tong,Jiang,Dang,Geng,andZengshe’sentrancetones[k].
One,two,three,four,etc.arethecrab,mountain,effect,andsaltyshots.Theothertwelveshotsarenotcomplete.Thespecificsituationisasfollows:thegeneralphotoonlyhasthefirstandthirdclass,theJiangphotoonlythesecondclass,thestopphotoonlythethirdclass,theYuphotoonlyhasthefirstandthirdclass,theZhenphotoonlyhasthefirstandthirdclass,thefruitphotohasonlythefirstandthirdclass,andthefalsephotoonlyhasthesecondandthirdclass.ThereareonlyoneandthreeclassesforDangshe,two,three,andfourforGengshe,oneandthreeforZengshe,oneandthreeforLiushe,andthirdandthirdforShenshe.Theyspecificallyinclude
1.TongsheincludesDongdongzhong(Liftingflattogoup,go,andenter.Thesamebelow)
2.JiangShejiang
3.ZhisheZhizhizhiwei(YinShengyunmuhasnocorrespondinginputsound.Thesamebelow)
4.YusheYuyumodel
5.CrabandQijiaareallgraySacrificetoTaiChuan(thelastfourrhymeshavenocorrespondingPing,ShangShengrhymes)
6.ZhensheZhenzhenZhenZhenWenxinYuansoulmark
7.ShansheHanhuandeletedShanXianxian
8.XiaoXiaoYaohao,XiaoXiao
9.GuosheGege
10.Fakeshemp
11.DangSheYangTang
12.GengSheGengGengQingqing
13.ZengSheZhengDeng
14.LiuSheYouHouyou
p>15.Shensheinvasion
16.XianshetantalksaboutsaltTiantianXianxiantitleYanfan
Press:latergenerationswillmostoftheYuanBubelongedtoShanshe,accordingto""GuangYun"shouldbetakenintoZhen.
ResearchonMedievalFoley
Tongshe
DongandDonghavenodifferencesinMandarinsincetheSongDynastyandinmodernChinesedialects,although"PingShuiYun"Thetworhymesarejuxtaposed,buttheycannotbedistinguishedinspokenlanguageatthattime.AccordingtoWangLi'sfoliouando,thedifferenceisveryvagueundertheinfluenceoftheŋrhymeending.Iftheopeningdegreeofoisexaggeratedtoemphasizethedifference,thenthefolkoralliteraturesinceSongCiAllareoutofrhythmanddissonance,soDong(middle:third-classeast),Dong,andZhong(third-classwinter)arecombinedintoonerhyme,andtherhymeismadeu(o).
JiangShe
Thisisauniquerhymephoto,anditisalsoastrangerhymephoto.Jiangwasclassifiedasasecond-classrhymebytheotherrhymefamilybutreceivedthesamesecond-classrhymeswiththesamerhymeending.(Geng,Geng)Differentphotos.JiangYongsaid:"First-classHongda,second-classsecond-larger,threeandfourarefine,andfouraremorefine."AccordingtoTangZuofan's"PhonologyTutorial",heexplained:"'Hongda'ispronouncedwithalowertonguepositionthanthelatter.…Theso-called"fine"meansthatthetonguepositionishigherwhenpronounced."Infact,rhymeswithahightonguepositionlike"Dong"arealsoclassifiedasthefirstclass.Itcanbeseenthattheleadingroleisthefrontandbackratherthanthehighandlow.Butitisverycontradictory.Mostphonologistshavesimulatedthemainvowelof"JiangYun"as/ɔ/.AccordingtoWangLi’sestimation,inancienttimes,waitingcallsweredistinguishedbythepresenceorabsenceofmesophonesandhowthesoundvaluesofmesophonesweredistinguished.LiFangguietal.evenbelievedthattheinitial“mediumsound”actuallyevolvedfromtheconsonantconsonants.of.BasedonthesituationofmodernMandarin,Hakkaandotherdialects,theauthordecidedtousee-medium(correspondingtotheco-acousticmedialø,whichistransformedaccordingtodifferentvowels)asthemarkofsecond-classrhyme.Inthisway,nomatterwhatthevowelis,thesecond-classrhymemustbemorethanone.Waitforthesoundofthetongueatthefront,whichisinlinewiththetheoryof"Hong,Xi".Therefore,thepronunciationof"Jiang"isproposedtobe:/øaŋ/,whichretainsthesecond-classcharacteristicsandisdifferentfromGengandGeng,andisconsistentwiththepronunciationofmodernMandarindialects.
Stopphoto
Thisisacontradictoryrhymephoto.Accordingtoprinciple1,Zhi,Zhi,andZhishouldbeseparated.However,sincetheTangDynastyofficiallypromulgatedthe"QieYun"single-useandcombinedstyle,thereisnoactualdifferencebetweenthesethreerhymes,andthereisnooneinmoderndialects.Thefewremainingsignscanprovethattheseparationof"QieYun"isjustified.Inordertocompromisethiscontradiction,IsuggesttoseparatethesethreerhymeswhenreadingancientChineseproseandlaterarchaicprose,andcombinethesethreerhymeswhenreadingmodernpoems.Thespecificplanis:ancientsoundopening-branch/ie/,fat/i/,之/iə/,ancientsoundhekou-branch/iue/,Zhi/(i)ui/(ofnohekou),repeatitoemphasizethatitisrhymeAbdomen,readeandəlightly,andprocessthemintoarhymeending;nearsoundopening-branch,fat,之/i/,nearsoundclosing-branch,Zhi/(i)ui/.Weiyunemphasizesthethird-classintermediatesoundi,andreferstothemoderndialectasiəi,iuəi(yəi).Thenewwordismerged,thesamebelow.
Yushe
AlthoughYuandYustillhavesporadicdifferencesinmoderndialects(forexample,"number"and"suo"arestillseparatedinmostdialects),thesoundTheoppositionofpositionsisbasicallygone.Therefore,imitatingTongshemergesthemainvowelsoffish,yu,andmointo/u/,andthethirdgradeisiu,(theopeningdegreeofuiniumustbestrictlycontrolledtoavoidconfusionwiththethirdgradeofLiushe,andtoensurethatitisconsistentwiththefirstgrade.Theharmonyofrhyme).
XieShe
XieShe'srhymeendisnoproblem,thatis,i.Thetrickythingisthefolioofgrayrhyme,thehandlingofsecond-classrhyme,Ji,Tai,waste,and夬Therhymeandotherissues.Thefollowingspecificissuesareanalyzedindetail:
1)ThecombinationofHuiyun(first-classrhyme)andBianyunrhymeinPingshuirhymeshowsthatthepronunciationofthesetworhymesisverysimilar,butinmoderndialects,Thepronunciationofgrayrhymeisgenerallythinner,anditdoesn'tmatchtheɒi(oroi)oftherhymeatall.Forexample:
TheeastwindbreaksthroughtheearlyplumblossomsandopenstowardsNuanyi.Nooneseesiceandsnow,andspringcomesfromthesky.
Peoplewhoarenotfamiliarwiththestandardmetricwillprobablynotthinkthatthecharacter"梅"inthefirstsentenceofthispoemwillbeinrhyme.Originally,accordingtotheonomatopoeiaofphonologists,thegrayvowelisuɑiandthe咍rhymeisɑi.Thiscansolvetheproblemofnotpressingrhymes.However,inmoderndialects,thesecond-classrhyminggoodandjiearegenerallyusedasuaiinmoderndialects.,Howbigisthedifferencebetweenuaianduɑi?Howmanypeoplecandistinguishclearly?Inthepreviousarticle,itwasdecidedtousemedialsoundasthemarkofsecond-classrhyme,butsoundslikeeaiandʊaiaretoostrangeafterall,andtherearenosuchexamplesinvariousdialects.Inlinewithprinciplethree,trynottoperformmajorsurgeryonthearchaicsoundframereservedinMandarinandHakkadialects.Becauseofthenon-mainstreamonomatopoeia,thegrayrhymeisusedasɒi(orɔi).Inthisway,gray,gray,Swastikacanberhymed,althoughitisnotharmoniousenough,butwhocansaythattheeleganttoneoftheancientsisnotinthisform?Thinkaboutit,howcanuɒibecomeui(oruei).Correspondingly,therhymeof咍isofcourseɒi(ɔi).
2)JiaandJiemerged.ThemodernphoneticdifferencebetweenthetworhymesismainlyreflectedinthepartofthecharacterthatJiayunturnedtoFake.Imitatestopphoto,thegoodrhymeoftheancientsoundsisnotdifferentiated,thesamestreetrhymeisusedasiaioruai;thepseudo-rhymecharactersthatdifferentiateintothefalsephotoareia,ua,ifnecessarytoemphasizethesource,youcanaddtheendoftherhymel,asial,ual.
3)QiYun(fourthclass)referstomoderndialects,themainvowelɛishightoe,theopeningei,andtheclosinguei(øi).
4)Sacrifice,Thai,Chu,andabolishment.Accordingtothedistributionoftherhymediagram,thesacrificeisinterpretedasthethirdclassofQi,asiei,iuei(yei);thesamegenerationofTai;thesamestranger;thewastecanberegardedasthethirdclassofstrange.Ifitisnecessarytodistinguish,youcanprolongthepronunciationandpronouncetheendoftherhymeiclearly.
Zhenshe
1)Zhen,Zhen,andZhenarecombinedintoonerhyme,theabdomenisiore,theopeningisin(t)en(t),theclosedmouthis(i)Uint/(i)uen(t).
2)TherhymesofWen,Xin,Hun,andHenareallə(ɤ),butthemedialsoundsofWenandHunareveryloud,whichcanswallowtherhymeə(ɤ),soitwon’taffectAuditoryharmony.Specifically:traceən(t)/ɤn(t),xiniən(t)/iɤn(t),souluən(t)/un(t),textiuən(t)/iun(t).
Shanshe,Xianshe
Thisproposalconsidersthatthetwo-shotvowelsystemisneatandsymmetrical,andthedifferenceisonlyintheendoftherhyme.
1)Han,Tanɒn(t),ɒm(p)
2)Huan,Tanɔn(t),ɔm(p)--thetworhymesinWuChineseareHekou,HuanhekouandTankouinMandarin,takeɔfirst,andtheactualpronunciationdoesnotneedtoberestrictedtophoneticsymbols,butcanbechangedfreely.
3)Mountain(deletethesame),title(Xiantong)ean(t),eam(p)-therhymeofthemountain(delete)iscombinedwiththemouthandimitatesthegood,allisuan,whichistheoppositeofHuanYun.
4)Yuan,Yan(fan)iɐn(t),iɐm(p)--YuanandXianareallthird-classrhymes,butLuFayan's
5)Xian,saltiɛn(t),iɛm(p)--Xianhekouiuɛn(yɛn),pleaserefertothepreviousarticleforinstructions.
6)Xian,Tianɛn/en(t),ɛm/em(p)--Thisisthefourth-classrhymeoftheEightClassicsofZhenger.AccordingtoLiRong’sonomatopoeia,theabdomenisregardedase,However,thispronunciationistoo"fine"andcannotbematchedwiththefirst-andsecond-classrhymesorthethird-classrhymessuchasYuanandYan.Inordertotakeintoaccounttheancientandmodernsounds,theprimitivetypeofthefourth-classrhymeisassumedtobeɛ.Firstlymake(uɛn)œn,half-highandhalf-lowfrontvowelslikeɛecaneasilyabsorbthefrontround-lipmedialsoundsandmergethemintoaround-lipvowel.Ithinktheformofø,œismorestablethanuɛue,andthecharacteristicsaremoredistinct,soIchoosethelatter.
Effectphoto
1)Haoɒu
2)Disha:u
3)宵iɛu
4)Xiaoɛu(eu)
Guoshe
Therhymebellyisintendedtobeɔorɒwithalowerroundedlip.Equaliuɔ(yɔ)
Falsephoto
Second-levelopen(e)a-themedialsoundisretainedafterthethroatinitials,andthemedialsoundsareremovedforotherinitials
Heua
Thethirdclassisopeniă--note:therhymeoftheancientcarisstillaccuratetothissound,notdifferentiated
Heiua(ya)
DangPhoto
Firstclassopenɒŋ(k)firstclassuɒŋ(k)Thirdclassopeniɒŋ(k)Thirdclassopeniuɒŋ(k)(yɒŋ(k))
StemPhoto
1)GengGengwiththesecond-classopeningɛŋ(k)thethird-classopeningiɛŋ(k)thesecond-classopeningœŋ(k)thethird-classopeningiœŋ(k)(thereasonfortheabsorptionofround-lipmedialsounds(Detailedabove)--BecausethefourrhymesofGengsheinmoderndialectsandmoderndialectscanbeco-hybridized,andGengandGengareneverinconjunctionwithDangshe,itisbelievedthattherhymesofGengandGenghavebeentransformedintopre-gaohua/ɛ/mayalsochangetherhyme,suchasHakkaasn,ChineseandVietnameseasɳ
2)Qingieŋ(k)iueŋ(k)/(yeŋ(k))青eŋ(k),becauseThesimilarityoftheharmonicsoundsystembelievesthatQingandQingrhymeshavethesamebelly,andQingisthethird-classrhymeofQing.ForreasonssimilartothoseofGengandGengyun,theabdomenofQingandQingisalsotransformedfromɛGaoHuatoe
Steaming
Openoneəŋ(k)Openthreeiəŋ(k)togetherOneuəŋ(k)combinedwiththreeiuəŋ(k)(yəŋ(k))-payattentiontothedifferencebetweenthewordcolloquialandthephoto.
Liushe
YouLiuheisonerhymefirstclassəuthirdclassiəu
deepphoto
iəm(p)/im(P)
AncientFoleyResearch
Tong:uongyongongiong
Jiang:ɯong
Only:ie/yei/yiiəi/yəi
Meet:uo/yoio
Crab:əi/uiai/uai
ɯe/ɯueɯei/ɯueiɯai/ɯuai
iei/yeiiai/yai
ei/uei
Zhen:ən/un
in/yiniən/yən
Mountain:an/uan
ɯan/ɯuanɯen/ɯuen
ian/yanien/yen
en/uen
Effect:au
ɯau
ieu
eu
Fruit:a/ua
ɯa/ɯua
ia/ya(GuoSanandMaSanhavenoopposition,theyarebasedonthedifferentiationoftonguerootsoundandtonguetoothsound,andcanbecombined)
Dang:ang/uang
iang/yang
Stalk:ɯang/ɯuangeng/ɯeng
ɯiang/ɯyangieng/yeng
eng
Once:əng/uəng
iəng
Stream:əu
iəuiu
Deep:im
Salty：Əmam
ɯamɯem
iam/yamiem
em