will

Interpretationinthesenseofpsychology

ContemporaryWesternPsychologyDictionarybelievesthatwillisapsychologicalprocessinwhichpeopleconsciouslydeterminegoalsandgovernactionstoovercomedifficultiestoachievepredeterminedgoals.Willisapsychologicalphenomenonpeculiartohumanbeings,anditisalsoamanifestationofhumanconsciousinitiative.

Itsmainfeatures:(1)Clearpurpose,thatis,volitionalactionalwaysconsciouslydeterminesandexecutesthepurposeaction.(2)Itisdirectlyrelatedtoovercomingdifficulties,thatis,onlybyovercomingvariousdifficultiescantheintendedpurposebeachieved.(3)Directlydominatepeople'sactions,thatis,willismainlyorganizedtoaccomplishcertaingoalsandtasks.Itsadjustmenttoactioncanbemanifestedasinitiatingandcarryingoutcertainactionsorbehaviors,orasstoppingandeliminatingcertainactionsorbehaviors.

Basicmeaning

Thewillisthepsychologicalprocessofapersonconsciouslydeterminingthepurpose,controllingtheaction,overcomingdifficulties,andachievingthepurpose.Thatis,thementalprocessofhumanthoughtprocessisseeninaction.Unconsciousinstinctiveactivities,blindimpulses,orsomehabitualactionsdonotcontainorhaveverylittlewill.

Intention,astateofmentalactivity.Aspiration,afirmbeliefandpersistenceinthedirectionofthegoal.Willisakindofmentalactivity(includingsubconsciousmentalactivity)thathasadirectionandfaithtoachieveagoal.

Thepsychologicalphenomenonthathumanbeingsareconscious,purposefulandplannedtoregulateandcontroltheirownactions.Theprocessincludesthedecisionphaseandtheexecutionphase.Thedecisionstagereferstochoosingasignificantmotiveasthepurposeoftheactionanddeterminingthemethodtoachievethatpurpose.Theimplementationstageistheprocessofovercomingdifficultiesandfirmlyputtingtheplanintoeffect.

Themoderatingroleofwillincludesinitiatingactionsthatareconsistentwiththeintendedpurposeandrestrainingdesiresandactionsthatcontradicttheintendedpurpose.

Humanactionsaremainlyconsciousandpurposefulactions.Whenengagedinvariouspracticalactivities,usuallybasedontheunderstandingofobjectivelaws,firstdeterminethepurposeoftheactioninthemind,andthenchoosethemethodaccordingtothepurpose,organizetheaction,exertaninfluenceontheobjectivereality,andfinallyachievethegoal.

Thewillisthepsychologicalprocessbywhichpeopleconsciouslydeterminethepurposeanddominatetheiractionstoachievethepredeterminedpurpose."TheDictionaryofPsychology"writes:"Thewillisthementalprocessinwhichanindividualconsciouslydeterminesthepurpose,andadjustsandcontrolshisownactionsaccordingtothepurpose,overcomesdifficulties,andachievesapredeterminedgoal."

InourlifeandworkOften,decision-making,planning,implementation,andevenentertainmentandrecreationalbehaviorsrequiretheparticipationofdifferentlevelsofwillprocess,butitdoesnotmeanthatalloftheseneedto"overcomedifficulties",orthatthereisafeelingofdifficulty.

Furthermore,ifthereissuchafeelingofdifficultyandembarrassment,itisapsychologicalprocessofwill,whichisexactlythesameassayingthatpeoplewillhaveaprocessofwillwhentheyfeeldifficultorunwillingtocontribute.Thisispreciselyinconsistentwiththefactualexistenceofthementalprocessofwill.

Thewillistheconcentratedexpressionofhumanconsciousinitiative,anditisauniquepsychologicalphenomenonofhumanbeings.Itismanifestedintheactionsofpeopleactivelychangingreality,andhascontrolandregulationeffectsonbehaviors(includingexternalactionsandinternalmentalstates),suchasinitiating,persisting,stopping,andchanging.

Humanactionsaredeterminedbyvariousmotives,whicharegeneratedtoensuresurvivalandsatisfyvariousneeds.Whenapersonrealizesthatheorthesocietyhasacertainneed,hewillhavethedesiretosatisfytheneed,andfurtherconsciouslydeterminethegoalpursued,drawupaplantoachievethegoal,andtakeaction.

Thiskindofactionisalwaysdominatedbyconsciousregulation,isconscious,directedtoacertaingoal,andisconnectedwiththeobstaclesencounteredintryingtoovercomethegoal.Thepsychologicalprocessfromgeneratingmotivationtotakingactioniswill.

Thevolitionalactionisdifferentfromtheinstinctiveactivitythatisbornwithandtheinvoluntaryactionthatlacksconsciouscontrol,butbelongstothehigh-levelactivityinitiatedandregulatedbytheconsciousness.People'slife,study,andlaborareallpurposefulandarbitraryactions,andtheyareallvolitionalactionspeculiartohumanbeings.

Theessenceofwillis:people'ssubjectivereflectionoftheirownbehaviorrelations.Itconstitutesthethirdbasicformofhumansubjectiveconsciousness.

BasicForms

Knowledge(thatis,cognition),feeling(thatis,emotion),andintention(thatis,will)arethethreebasicformsofhumanmentalactivity,andpeople’ssubjectiveawarenessoftheworldTheprocesscanusuallybedividedintothreestages:

Thefirstisthecognitivestage.Thepurposeistosolvetheproblemof"what"or"whatfact".Peoplemustfirstunderstandtheexternalcharacteristics(orexternalconnections)andinternallaws(internalessence)ofthings,thatis,firstunderstandthe"whatis"ofthings,beforetheycanhaveanin-depthunderstandingofotheraspects.

Thesecondistheevaluationstage.Thepurposeistosolvetheproblemof"what'stheuse"or"what'sthevalue".Onlywhenpeopleunderstandthe"whatis"and"whatvalueistome"cantheyknowhowtotakecorrectivemeasuresagainstit.

Thethirdisthewill(ordecision-making)stage.Thepurposeistosolvetheproblemof"whattodo"or"whatbehaviortoimplement".Inviewofthequalitycharacteristicsofthingsandthevalueofeachqualitycharacteristictopeople,peoplewillchoosethemostappropriatebehaviorinordertobeabletofullyandeffectivelyusethevaluecharacteristicsofthings.

Theevaluationwithout"cognition"isablindevaluation,thewillwithout"cognition"isablindwill;thecognitionwithout"evaluation"isakindofnumbcognition.Thewillwithout"evaluation"isakindofboringwill;thecognitionwithout"will"isanemptycognition,andtheevaluationwithout"will"isanemptyevaluation.

TwoAspects

Thewillincludestwoaspectsofperceptualwillandrationalwill.Perceptualwillreferstothewillthatpeopleusetowithstandperceptualstimulation.Itreflectstherestraintandexcitementabilityofpeopleinpracticalactivities.Forexample,physicallaborneedstoovercomethebody’smusclepain,breathingdifficulties,bloodvesseldilation,nervoustension,etc.Perceptualdifficultiesandobstacles.

Rationalwillreferstothewillthatpeopleusetowithstandrationalstimuli.Itreflectspeople’sabilitytorestrainandexcitethestimulationofthesecondsignalsysteminpracticalactivities,suchasmentalworkthatneedstoovercomethecerebralcortextoacceptReasonabledifficultiesandobstacles,suchasconfusion,mentalpressure,moodswings,lossoffaith,etc.,causedbythestimulationofthesecondsignalsystem.

Willmustconsidernotonlythestateofmotionandthelawofchangeofobjectivethings,butalsotheinterestneedsofthesubject,especiallytheabilityofpeopletoreacttoobjectivethings.Itisakindofnon-neutralandActiveandcreativereflectionactivities.

Thedialecticalrelationshipbetweencognitiveemotionandwill

Tosumup,thethreebasichumansubjectivementalactivities(cognition,emotionandwill)Respectivelyreflectthethreebasicobjectivethings(factualrelationship,valuerelationshipandbehaviorrelationship).Inordertosurviveanddevelop,peoplemustfirstperceiveandunderstandthefactualrelationshipofvariousthings,secondly,graspthevaluerelationshipofthesethingstopeople,andthengraspthevaluerelationshipofeachbehaviorandjudge,select,organizeandimplementthebestActionplan.

Thefirststepiscompletedbycognitiveactivities,thesecondstepiscompletedbyemotionalactivities,andthethirdstepiscompletedbyvolitionalactivities.Therefore,fromcognitiontoemotion,andthenfromemotiontowill,itisaThebasicandindivisiblepipelineofhumanself-controlbehavior.

Thedialecticalrelationshipamongknowledge,affection,andintention(thatis,cognition,emotion,andwill)fundamentallydependsonthedialecticalrelationshipbetweenfact,value,andbehavior.

1.Emotionisaspecialkindofcognition,andwillisaspecialkindofemotion.Themeaningoftheobjectforhumanexistenceanddevelopmentisalsoarelationalattributeoftheobject.Onlybecauseithasaspecialmeaningcanitbedistinguishedfromotherrelationalattributes.Therefore,thevaluerelationshipisaspecialfactualrelationship,andtheemotionisaspecialkindofrelationship.Thecognition;essentialpowerisoneofthemostimportantvalueattributesofhumanbeings.Onlybecauseithasaspecialmeaningcanitbedistinguishedfromordinaryvalueattributes.

Therefore,thebehaviorrelationshipisaspecialvaluerelationship,andthewillisaspecialemotion.Fromabroadperspective,knowledge,emotion,andintentionareallcognitiveactivities,buteachfocusesondifferentperspectives.Emotionfocusesoncognitionfromtheperspectiveofmeaning,andwillfocusesoncognitionfromtheperspectiveofbehavioraleffects.

2.Cognition,emotionandwillaredifferentfromeachother.Themaindifferenceis:cognitiongenerallyappearsintheformofabstract,precise,andlogicalreasoning,emotiongenerallyappearsinanintuitive,vague,andillogicalform,andwillgenerallyappearsintheformofsubconscious,random,andactive.Formsappear;cognitionismainlyabouttheknowledgeof"how",emotionismainlyabouttheknowledgeof"how",andwillismainlyabouttheknowledgeof"howtodo".

Ifemotionsandcognitionareseparated,emotionswillhavenoobjectivebasisandbecome"publiclyandrationally,andmother-in-lawisrational."Ifyouconfuseemotionandcognition,thenItwillmakeemotionloseitsfairnessandbecome"thewinneristheking,andtheloseristheinvader";ifemotionandwillareseparated,emotionwillbecomeemptyemotion;ifemotionandwillareconfused,againMakeemotionsbecomeconfusedemotions.

3.Cognition,emotionandwillareinterdependentandinterrelated.

Withoutfactualrelationship,valuerelationshipbecomespassivewater;withoutvaluerelationship,behaviorrelationshipalsobecomespassivewater.Therefore,cognitionisthesourceofemotion,andemotionisthesourceofwill.

Factualrelationsareguidedbyvaluerelations,andvaluerelationsareguidedbybehavioralrelations.Therefore,cognitionisguidedbyemotion,andemotionisguidedbywill.

Emotionisfirstgraduallyseparatedfromcognition,whichinturnpromotesthedevelopmentofcognition,andwillisfirstgraduallyseparatedfromemotion,whichinturnpromotesthedevelopmentofemotion;Knowledge,emotion,andwillinfiltrateandinteractwitheachother,asaprerequisiteforeachother,anddeveloptogether.

Qualitycharacteristics

Somepeopleareindecisiveindecision-making,disorderlyworkplans,simpleandrudebehavior,emotionaloutburstsaredifficulttocontrol,lifestyleisgreedyforenjoyment,workperformanceisnotenterprising,theseareneitherItisentirelyamatterofcognition,notentirelyofemotion,butofwill.

Willisaspecialkindofemotiondirectedatbehavioralactivities.Itisauniqueformofhumanmentalactivity.Itenableshumanstohaveahighdegreeofinitiativeandcreativity,whichisfundamentallydifferentfromotherlow-levelemotions.animal.

Thequalitycharacteristicofwillisthedynamiccharacteristicofwillintheprocessofdrivinghumanbehavior.Itmainlydependsonthedynamiccharacteristicofthechangeofthesubject’sbehaviorvaluerelationship,reflectingthepurposeofhumanbehaviorvalue.Performance,hierarchy,strength,externalstability,internalstability,efficiency,meticulousness,etc.

Runtheprogram

Willisthesubjectivereflectionofthevaluerelationshipofone'sownbehavior.Specifically,itisthesubjectivereflectionofthehumanbrain'svaluerateofone'sownbehavior.ItsobjectiveThepurposeistoguidethesubjecttoselect,implement,evaluateandmodifytheirownbehaviorsaccordingtothevaluereturnrateofvariousbehaviors(thatis,thesizeofthebehaviorvalueratedifference),sothatthesubjectcanobtainthemaximumbenefitattheleastcost.

Theoperationprocedureofvolitionalactivitycanberoughlydividedintofivestages.

1.Theestablishmentofvaluegoals.Peopleusuallyhaveanumberofvalueneedsinacertainperiodoftime,andcorrespondingsubjectivedesireswillbeformedinthebrain.Thesatisfactionofthesedesiresisembodiedintheacquisitionorvalueofacertainvaluething(suchasfood,money,statusorlove)Thephysiologicalmechanismoftherealizationofthegoalisthatthecorrespondingexcitatoryfociinthecerebralcortexofacertainvaluegoal(orvalue-neededtarget)arelockedandstimulated.

2.Thedesignoftheoverallplan.Peoplecandesignanoverallplanforthedeterminedvaluegoals,andarrangetheworkofeachstageandeachlink.Sinceanyvaluegoalmustberealizedbyimplementingaseriesofcomplexbehaviors,theworkofeachstageandeachlinkcanberegardedasacomplexbehavior.

Thisseriesofcomplexbehaviorscanberegardedasasuper-complexbehavior,sotheoverallplanningdesignprocessisactuallyasuper-complexbehaviordesignprocess.Specifically,itistoarrangeandcombinemultiplecomplexbehaviorsaccordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,calculatethevaluerateofeachpermutationandcombination,andthencompareandselecttheultra-complexbehaviorwiththelargestvaluerate.

Thephysiologicalmechanismis:Afteracertainvaluetargetisstimulatedinthecorrespondingareaof​​thecerebralcortex,itwillcauseastrongemotionalexperience.Thisexcitementwillaffectseveralcomplexitiesinthefrontallobe.Thebehavioralexcitementstoveproducesastrongattraction,whichiscombinedintoanewexcitementgroupaccordingtoacertainstructure.Theprincipleofcombinationistomaximizethecombinedexcitementintensityasmuchaspossible,sothatvariouscomplexbehaviorscanbecoordinated.Andproduceultra-complexbehaviorswithextremelyhighvaluerates.

Thisprocessisoftenrepeatedmanytimes.Then,comparemultiplesuper-complexbehaviorswithamaximumvaluerate,andfinallydetermineasuper-complexbehaviorwiththemaximumvaluerateastherealizationofthisAnoverallplanforvaluegoals.

3.Theformulationofimplementationrules.Aftertheoverallplanisdetermined,specificarrangementsneedtobemadeforeachstageandeachlinkofthework.Thisistheformulationoftheimplementationrules.Foreachspecificcomplexbehaviorthatconstitutesanultra-complexbehavior,itusuallyrequiresmultiplesimplebehaviorstobecoordinatedandcompletedinacertainstructure.Therefore,theformulationprocessoftheimplementationrulesisactuallythedesignprocessofeachcomplexbehavior.

Specifically,itistoarrangeandcombinemultiplesimplebehaviorsaccordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,andcalculatethevaluerateofeachpermutationandcombination,andthencompareandselectthecomplexwiththelargestvaluerate.behavior.

Thephysiologicalmechanismis:accordingtotheoverallplan,acertainstage,acertainlinkcorrespondingtoacertaincomplexbehavior,whentheexcitatoryfocusofthecorrespondingareainthecerebralcortexisstimulated,itwillcauseastrongEmotionalexperience,thisexcitementstovewillhaveastrongattractiontoseveralsimplebehaviorexcitementstovesinthefrontalarea,sothattheycanbecombinedintoanewgroupofexcitementstovesaccordingtoacertainstructure.

Theprincipleofcombinationistomaximizetheintensityofthecombinedexcitementasmuchaspossible,sothatvarioussimplebehaviorscanbecoordinatedandproducecomplexbehaviorswithamaximumvaluerate.

Thisprocessisoftenrepeatedmanytimes.Then,multiplecomplexbehaviorswithamaximumvalueratearecompared,andfinallyacomplexbehaviorwiththemaximumvaluerateisdeterminedastheoverallplan.Implementationrulesforacertainstageandacertainlinkofwork.

4.Implementationofspecificbehaviors.Aftertheimplementationrulesaredetermined,eachspecificbehaviorneedstobeimplemented.Foreachspecificsimplebehaviorthatconstitutesacomplexbehavior,itusuallyrequiresmultipleinstinctiveactions(unconditionedreflexorfirst-levelconditionedreflex)tobecoordinatedandcompletedinacertainstructure,sotheimplementationprocessofspecificactionsisactuallyeverysimplebehaviordesigningprocess.

Specifically,itistoarrangeandcombinemultipleinstinctualbehaviorsaccordingtodifferentstructuralmethods,andcalculatethevaluerateofeachpermutationandcombination,andthencompareandselectthesimplebehavior.

Thephysiologicalmechanismis:accordingtotheimplementationrules,aftereachsimplebehaviorisstimulatedinthecorrespondingareaof​​thecerebralcortex,itwillcauseastrongemotionalexperience.Thisexcitementwillaffectthefrontalarea.Theexcitementofseveralinstinctivebehaviorsproducesstrongattraction.Thisprocessisoftenrepeatedmanytimes.Then,comparemultiplesimplebehaviorswithamaximumvaluerate,andfinallydetermineasimplebehaviorwiththemaximumvaluerate.Behaviorasaspecificactiontoimplementtheimplementationdetails.

5.Modificationofthepowercharacteristicsofthewill.Peoplehaveawillforeachoftheirownbehaviors(super-complexbehaviors,complexbehaviors,simplebehaviors,andinstinctivebehaviors).Sincewillisasubjectiveestimateofthevalueoftheirbehavior,theremustbemoreLesserrorsrequireconstantcorrection.

Takethemodificationofcomplexbehaviorasanexample.Theprocedureformodificationofwillis:beforeapersonimplementsacomplexbehavior,healwaysanalyzesthevaluerateofallrelatedsimplebehaviors,andonthisbasisThevaluerateoftheentirecomplexbehaviorproducesapredictedvalue.Aftercomparingitwiththeperson'smedianvaluerate,thewilltoimplementthiscomplexbehaviorisformedinthehumanbrain.

Aftercompletingthiscomplexbehavior,peoplewillcomparetheactualvalueofitsvalueratewiththepredictedvalue.Ifthereisanobviouserror,itwillpredictthevaluerateofoneormoresimplebehaviors.Valueorwillbecorrected.

Thepriorityorderofcorrectionis:firstmodifythewilltorelativelyunfamiliar,neworrelativelyunclearsimplebehavior;iftherearemorethantwounfamiliarsimplebehaviors,thenmodifythelow-valuelevelfirstIftherearemorethantwounfamiliarlow-levelsimplebehaviors,firstmodifythewilltousethelarger-scalesimplebehavior.

Willpower

Atpresent,itisgenerallybelievedthatthereisonlyonelifesciencereferenceelementbesidestheintelligencequotient:theemotionalquotient(thatis,theemotionalquotientEQ).TheemotionalquotientisoftenmoreTheintelligencequotientismoreimportant.Itdeterminesthesuccessorfailureofaperson'smarriage,career,andinterpersonalrelationship.

Infact,inadditionto"IQ"and"EmotionalQuotient",thereisathirdrelativelyindependentlifesciencereferenceelement,whichis"IQ",whichisdifferentfromIQandEQ..

Allhumancognitionactivitiescanbedecomposedintothreerelativelyindependentpsychologicalactivitiesofknowledge,affection,andintention.Thecomprehensivepsychologicalqualityofapersoncanalsobedecomposedintothreerelativelyindependentpsychologicalqualities:cognitivequality((Orintellectualquality),emotionalqualityandwillquality,theyareusedtoreflectpeople'sabilitytorecognizefactualrelationships,valuerelationships,andpracticalrelationships,respectively.

Thelevelofwillqualitydependsonthedegreetowhichpeople’ssubjectivereflectionsofpracticalrelationships(conceives,plans,plans,measures,perseverance,etc.)areconsistentwiththeactualsituation,includingthedecisiveness,self-consciousness,andSelf-control,perseverance,etc.,arespecificallyembodiedintheabilitytoformcreativeideas,accuratejudgments,decisivedecision-making,thoroughplanning,flexibleplans,effectivemeasures,andfirmbehavior.

Thequalityofaperson'swillcanbedescribedbytheparameter"intentionalquotient",whichdependsontheratiooftheageoftheperson'swilltoitsactualage.Peoplewithhigherintentionscanaccuratelyandstrictlycontroltheintensity,stability,flexibility,frequencyorprobabilityoftheirvariousactivities,thescopeofinvolvement,andtheobjectsofaction,etc.,andaccuratelyestimate,fullygrasp,anddeeplyunderstandThepositiveandnegativeeffectsthatyourownactivitiesmayproduce,sothatyoucancorrectlyanddecisivelymakecorrespondingbehavioraldecisionsandimplementthemeffectively.

Hecanfighttenaciouslyandretreatinrapids.Heisbothprincipledandflexible,creativeandinherited;heisgoodatsummingupexperienceandlessons,anddoesnotmakerepetitivemistakes;heisgoodatthegoldenmean,Hedoesnotcommitleft-leaningandaggressivemistakes,norright-leaningconservativemistakes;hecanmaintainthecontinuityandstabilityofhiscodeofconductandethics,andheisnotarrogantorhumble,leadsbyexample,consistentwordsanddeeds,andkeepshispromises;Heisquickanddecisiveindecision-making,hastenaciousperseveranceandperseverance;heisbroad-minded,strictindiscipline,andhasastrongsenseofsocialresponsibilityandsacrifice;etc.

TheThreeLaws

Willisaspecialformofemotion,whichalsofollowsthethreelawsofemotionalintensity,namely:

Thefirstlawofwillintensity(ieLawofproportionallogarithmofstrengthofwill):Thestrengthofwillisproportionaltothelogarithmofthevaluerateofone'sownbehavior.

Thesecondlawofwillstrength(thatis,thelawofmarginaleffectofwillstrength):thestrengthofwilldecreaseswiththeincreaseoftheactivityscaleofone'sownbehavior.

Thethirdlawofwillstrength(thatis,thelawoftimedecayofwillstrength):thestrengthofwilldecreasesexponentiallywiththeincreaseofthedurationofone'sownbehavior.

Thegreaterthedifferenceinthevaluerateofaperson’sownbehavior,accordingtothefirstlawofwillstrength,thegreaterthewillstrengthitproduces,themoreoftenandonalargescalepeoplewilldevelopthisbehaviorAtthesametime,accordingtothesecondlawofstrengthofwill,itsvalueratewillgraduallydecreaseandapproachthemedianvaluerateofpeople,andthewillgeneratedbyitwillgraduallydeclineandeventuallydisappear,thusreflectingthethirdstrengthofwilllaw.

Logicalrelationship

Thelogicalrelationshipbetweenknowledge,affection,andintentioncanbeinvestigatedfromavarietyofperspectives.

1.Fromtheperspectiveofphilosophicalcategory:emotionisaspecialkindofcognition,includedinthecategoryofgeneralizedcognition;willisaspecialkindofemotion,includedinthecategoryofgeneralizedemotion.

2.Fromtheperspectiveofphysiologicalmechanism:cognitionisthesumoftheneuralconnectionsestablishedbetweentheexcitementinducedbythestimulationsignalsofgeneralthingsinthecorrespondingareaof​​thecerebralcortexandothersurroundingnervetissues(excludingthelimbicsystemandreticularstructure);emotion;Itisthesumoftheexcitatoryfociandtheneuralconnectionsestablishedbythelimbicsystemandreticularstructureinducedbythestimulussignalsofvaluethingsinthecorrespondingareasofthecerebralcortex;thewillistheexcitatoryfociandedgesinducedbythestimulussignalsofbehavioralactivitiesinthecorrespondingareasofthecerebralcortex.Thesumoftheneuralconnectionsestablishedbythesystemandthenetworkstructure.

3.Judgingfromtheorderofoccurrence:firstcognition,thenemotion,andfinallyformationofwill.Ifthereisnobasicunderstandingofthings,itisimpossibletoproduceanyemotion;withoutthebasicemotionofthings,itisimpossibletoproduceanywill.

4.Fromtheperspectiveoffunctionalcontrol:thewillcontrolstheemotion,andtheemotioncontrolsthecognition.Thecontrolofwillonemotionisnotthenegationandsuppressionofemotion,butthecomprehensiveuseandoverallconsiderationofemotion,sothatpeoplewillnotcareabouteachotherorlosebalanceinvariousemotions;similarly,thecontrolofemotiononcognitionisnotoncognition.Thenegationanddepressionofcognition,butthecoordinationandorganizationofcognition,sothatcognitionwillnotbeblindandbusy.

5.Fromtheperspectiveofevolutionarytiming:emotionsevolvefromcognition,andwillevolvefromemotions.Emotionasaspecialcognitionisseparatedfromgeneralcognition;willasaspecialemotionisseparatedfromgeneralemotion.

6.Fromafunctionalbasis:cognitionprovidesafunctionalbasisforemotion,andemotionprovidesafunctionalbasisforwill.Ifthereisnocognitivefunction,itisimpossibletoproduceanyemotion;ifthereisnoemotionalfunction,itisimpossibletoproduceanywill.

7.Fromthepointofviewofvaluepurpose:emotionmakescognitionhavepurpose,sothatcognitioncandevelopinaccordancewithhumanvalueneeds;willmakesemotionhavepurpose,sothatemotioncandevelopinaccordancewithhumanvalueneeds.Withouttheguidanceofemotions,people’scognitiveactivitiesareendless,andpeoplewillknowwhattheyencounter;withouttheguidanceofwill,people’semotionalactivitiesareblindandcontrolledbyinstinct.,Low-levelfun.

TheWillProcess

Description

TheWillProcessconsistsoftwophases,namelythedecisionphaseandtheexecutionphase.

Decisionphase

Thedecisionphaseofthewillisalsothepreparationphaseofthewillaction.Inthisstage,wemustfirstsolvetheproblemofmotivationalstruggle,andthendeterminethepurposeoftheactionandchoosethemethodtoachievethegoal.Anyvolitionalactionisrelatedtoacertainmotivation,andmotivationisrelatedtoneed.Motivationisthedesires,intentions,beliefs,ideals,etc.thatarisefromneeds.Theyaretheinternalcausesandmotivationsofthewilltoact,anddeterminethenatureanddirectionofaperson'saction.

Beforemakingadecision,thereisgenerallyamotivationtofight.Duetothecomplexityofpeople'sthoughtsanddesires,twoormoremotivesoftenappearatthesametime.Therefore,hemusthaveachoice,thatis,tofightformotives,inordertogiveupsomesecondarymotivesthatareoflittlesignificancetohimatthemoment.Andchooseamotivethatisofgreatsignificancetohimasthepurposeoftheaction.

Whatkindofchoiceapersonmakesformotivationwilloftenreflecthisthoughts,opinionsandpositions,aswellashowhetreatsthecontradictionbetweencollectiveinterestsandpersonalinterests.Afterthepurposeoftheactionisclear,themethodsandmeanstoachievethepurposecanbefurtherselectedandtheactionplancanbedrawnup.Asforwhethertheselectedmethodsandapproachesarereasonable,andwhetherthedefiniteactionplanisfeasible,thisisagainrelatedtotheintellectualfactorsinvolitionalactivities.

Theimplementationphase

referstotheprocessofputtingtheactionplanintorealization.Intheexecutionphase,thequalityofwillismanifestedinthefirmimplementationoftheactionplan.Strivetoovercomevariousdifficultiesencounteredsubjectivelyandobjectively.Ifyouencounterobstaclesintheimplementationoftheoriginalplanandgiveuphalfway,thisisasignofweakness.

Thewillisproducedbyhumanbeingsinthepracticeofsociallifewiththeproductionofspeechandconsciousness.Itisamanifestationofconsciousnessactivelyreactingtoobjectivereality,anditisaproductofsociety.Newbornshavenowill,butastheygraduallymasterspeech,developself-awareness,andappearsubjectivedesires,willbegintoact.Voluntaryexerciseisthebasisofvolitionalactivity.Speechhasthefunctionofabstractionandgeneralization.Peoplecanusewordstoextracttheknowledgeandexperiencestoredinthebrain,generatevariousmotivesandneeds,determinethepurposeofaction,drawupanactionplan,andperformvolitionalactivities.

Humanpsychologyistheunityofknowledge,affection,andintention.Thethreepromote,influenceandpenetrateeachother.Willisbasedonknowledgeanddevelopswiththedevelopmentofknowledge.Onlybyknowingthedifferenceandrelationshipbetweenthesubjectandtheobject,andknowingthechanginglawsofobjectivethings,canpeopleconsciouslydeterminethepurposeofactionaccordingtotheobjectivelawsandcarryoutvolitionalactions.

Therefore,freedomofwillisbasedonthepremiseofcorrectunderstandingofobjectivereality,andpeoplecancontinuouslyimprovetheircognitiveabilitywhiletransformingtheobjectiveworld.Inmanycases,thevolitionalprocessiscloselyrelatedtohumanemotions.Nobleemotionscanbecomethemotiveforceofthewill,andthenegativeemotionsoftenbecometheresistanceofthewill.

Willcharacteristics

1.Thepurposeofvolitionalaction:Humanwillhasaclearpurpose,itcannotonlylaunchcertainactionsthatconformtothepurpose,butalsostopcertainactionsthatdonotmeetthepurpose.Themagnitudeofthevolitionalactioneffectisshiftedbythelevelofhumanpurposeandsocialvalue.Thehigherthegoal,themorefar-reaching,andthemoresocialvalue,thehigherthelevelofwillperformance.

2.Willactionisrelatedtoovercomingdifficulties:theprocessofovercomingdifficultiesisalsotheprocessofwillaction.Therearetwokindsofdifficulties:externaldifficultiesandinternaldifficulties.Whetheraperson'swillisstrongornot,andhowstrongitis,ismeasuredbythenatureofthedifficultiesandthedifficultyofovercomingthem.

3.Volitionalactionsarebasedonrandomactions:Humanactionsarecomposedofactions,andtherearetwotypesofactions,involuntaryactionsandrandomactions.Involuntaryactionsareactionsthathavenopredeterminedpurpose,andrandomactionsareactionsthathaveapredeterminedpurposeandareguidedbyconsciousness.Withrandomactions,peoplecanorganize,controlandadjustaseriesofactionsaccordingtothepurposetoachievetheintendedpurpose.Randomactionisanecessarypartofvolitionalactionandthebasisofvolitionalaction.

Trainingprocess

Startwithsmallthingstoexerciseyourwill

Tocultivateyourwill,youshouldstartwithsmallthings,don’tthinkit’ssmallthingsDisdainfulattention,itispreciselysmallthingsthatreflectaperson’swill.Gorkyoncesaid:"Evenalittlerestraintononeselfwillmakeapersonstrongandstrong!"

ThemiddleschoolstudentisincontrolIntheknowledgestage,youshouldbegoodatcultivatingyourownwillwithregardtothesmallthingsaroundyou,suchastakingcareofhygieneasanexample,notspittingorthrowingdebrisanywhere,flushingaftergoingtothetoilet,etc.Thesmallthingsinlifeareeverywhere.Lookingbackatyourownweaknessesandshortcomings,persistinovercomingthem,startwithsmallthings,andperseverefromnowon,sothatyoucancultivateyourownqualityofwill.

Usinglearningtoimprovewillpower

Workinghardandmasteringknowledgeandskillsaretheprimarytasksofmiddleschoolstudents.Learningrequireswillpower,andlearningisalsoawaytoexercisewillpower.Setagoalforyourself,persistinlearning,persevere,andimproveyourwill.

Completesometasksthataredifficultandwithinone'sability

Thetasksaretoosimple,tooeasy,cannotstimulatethestrengthtoovercomedifficulties,anddonotexercisethewillIfitistoodifficult,nomatterhowhardyoutry,youcan’tsucceed,itwillblowyourself-confidence,andyouwillnotbeabletoexerciseyourwill.Inordertocultivatethewilltoexercise,oneshouldconsciouslycompletesomedifficulttaskswithinone'sability.

Forexample,studentswithpoormathematicsshouldsetthetargetat70pointsormore;forthosewithabetterfoundation,theyshouldbeonthesamelevelas85pointsormore.Therefore,youcanachievethepurposeofexercisingyourwillbydeterminingappropriategoalsandperformingtaskswithacertaindegreeofdifficulty.

Insistonparticipatinginphysicalexercise

Physicalexerciseisagoodwaytoexercisethewillquality,suchaslong-distancerunning.ItisdifficulttokeeprunningwithoutacertainwillpowerYes,mountainclimbing,swimming,football,push-ups,skippingrope,basketball,Go,etc.,allhaveagoodeffectoncultivatingpeople’swillpower.

Accordingtothecharacteristicsoftheirownwillandquality,designcorrespondingexercisemethods

Differentpeople’swillandqualityhavedifferentcharacteristics,andmiddleschoolstudentsshouldbebasedontheirowncharacteristicsofwillDesigncorrespondingexercisemethodstoachievebetterresults.Forexample,somepeoplecanpersistincompletingthepainstakingandcomplicatedwork,butiftheyaresickandwanttogetaninjection,theyareveryafraidandoftencannotfollowthedoctor'sadvicetocompletetheinjectiontreatment.

Therearemanypeoplewhoendurehardshipsandstandhardwork.Somepeoplecanworktirelesslyandhardintheirstudies,buttheylackpatienceformanydetailsinlife.Therefore,tocultivateone'sownwill,oneshoulddesigncorrespondingexercisemethods,overcomeone'sownweaknesses,andbecomeapersonwithstrongwillandquality.

Improvewillpowerwiththehelpofgrouplife

Manygroupactivitiescancultivatepeople’swillpower.Forexample,groupclimbingandpicnicscanmakepeopleweaker.Ofstudentsgeteffectsthatarenotusuallyexercised,suchasparticipatinginaballgamecollectively.Thepowerofthecollectivecanmakeaperson'swillpowerincreasefaster,andthepowerofthecollectivecanturnaweakintoastrong.

Theroleofwill

1.Willmakescognitionactivitiesmoreextensiveandin-depth.

Thewillisgeneratedonthebasisofhumancognitionandemotionalactivities.Atthesametime,cognitionactivitiesarealsoinseparablefromtheroleofwill,whichmakescognitionactivitiesbroaderanddeeper.Incognitionactivities,themaintenanceofintentionalattention,therationalorganizationofperception,andthedevelopmentofproblem-solvingthinkingactivitiesallrequirehumanwill,effortandwillaction.Atthesametime,positivevolitionalqualitiessuchasself-consciousnessandperseverancecanpromotethedevelopmentofhumancognitiveability.

2.Willregulateshumanemotionsandemotions.

Firstofall,emotionsandemotionsaffectvolitionalbehavior.Positiveemotionsandemotionsarethedrivingforceofvolitionalaction,andnegativeemotionsaretheresistancetovolitionalbehavior.Secondly,thewillregulatesandcontrolsemotionsandemotions.Astrong-willedpersoncancontrolandovercometheinterferenceofnegativeemotions,whichisthatemotionsobeyreasonandcarryoutwillfulactionstotheend.Onthecontrary,thosewithweakwilltendtobecomecaptivesofemotions,makingtheirwillactionsunsustainable.

3.Willisofgreatsignificancetopeople'sself-cultivation.

QualityofWill

Constitutesomerelativelystableaspectsofhumanwill

1.Independence:Peopledonotsuccumbtothepressureofthepeoplearoundthem,donotfollowthetrend,andcanindependentlytakedecisionsandexecutedecisionsbasedontheirownknowledgeandbeliefs.

Thedifferencebetweenitandarbitraryandsuggestiveliesintheindividual'scognition.Abilityandself-confidence

2.Decisiveness:Abilitytotakewell-foundeddecisionsintimeandimplementthemonawell-thought-outbasis

Thedifferencebetweenarbitraryandarbitraryliesintheresult,whichistheoppositeofindecision

3.Firmness:alsocalledtenaciousness.Sticktotherationalityofyourowndecisionforalongtime,andworktirelesslytoimplementthedecision.

Havingacleardirectionofaction,thedifferencefrompersistenceisonlyintheresult

4.Self-control:goodatmasteringandcontrollingone'sownactions,alsomanifestedintheadjustmentofemotionalstate

Independenceanddecisivenessindecision-making+firmnessinexecution=self-control

FrustrationinWillAction

1.Themeaningoffrustration:theindividual’svolitionalbehaviorisinterferedorhinderedbyinsurmountable,akindoftensionandemotionalresponsewhenthepredeterminedgoalcannotbeachieved

frustrationhasthreemeanings,namelyfrustrationsituationandfrustrationrecognitionKnowing,frustratingbehavior

2.Theformationoffrustrationsituation:Frustrationsituationisthevariousobstaclesandinterferencefactorsthatmakethegoalimpossibletoachieve.Insummary,itcanbedividedintosubjectivefactorsandobjectivefactors.

Subjectivefactorsarethephysicalandpsychologicalfactorsoftheindividual;Factorsmainlyincludenaturalandsocialenvironmentalfactors.

3.Frustrationresponse:Theindividual’sresponsetofrustrationismanifestedinthreeaspects,namelyemotionalresponse,intellectualresponseandpersonalitychange

Emotionalresponse-manifestedasastronginnerexperienceorspecificbehavioralresponse,Suchasindifference,degeneration,stubbornness,etc.

Intellectualresponse-theperformanceofvolitionalaction,judgingthesituation,beingproactive,goingforwardcourageously,andunswervinglytowardthegoal

Changesinpersonality-continuingOramajorsetbackcanevenfixthefrustrationreaction,formhabitsandpersonalitycharacteristics,andaffecttheformationanddevelopmentofpersonality

4.Frustrationtolerance:Whetheryoucanwithstandfrustrationisnotonlydeterminedbytheindividual’smentalitywhenexperiencingfrustration,butalsoontheindividual’sawareness,evaluationandunderstandingoffrustration,butalsoontheindividual’sattitudetowardsfrustrationandthebehavioralmethodtodealwithfrustration,focusingontheimportantenhancementoffrustrationThefactorsofenduranceareasfollows:

Treatsetbackscorrectly-setbacksareuniversal,itispartoflife

Improvesetbackscenarios-usewisdomtoprevent,change,eliminateoravoidsetbacksContext

Summingupexperiencesandlessons-beinggoodatsumminguplessonsfromfailuresandfrustrationsofoneselfandothers

Adjustthelevelofambition-tocreateasenseofaccomplishmentintheindividual'slifewithoutfrustration,justPutforwardchallengingstandardssuitableforyourownabilities

Cultivationofwill

1.Formapositiveandfirmoutlookontheworld,outlookonlifeandbeliefs

2.Masterscientificknowledgeandskills,andclarifypracticallearninggoals

3.Cultivatedeepandfirmemotions

4.Activelyparticipateinvariouspracticalactivities

5.Playtheroleofrolemodels

6.Strengthenself-exercise

7.Exercisethewillaccordingtoone'sownpersonalitycharacteristics

Regulatoryfunction

Theregulatingfunctionofwillonactionensuresthedirectionalityofhumanbehavior,andthefinalresultoftheadjustmentistherealizationofthepredeterminedpurpose.

Theregulatingeffectofwillonactionismanifestedintheinitiationandinhibitionofcognitiveaction.

Theperformanceofmobilizationistopromotepeopletoengageinbehaviorstoachieveapredeterminedpurpose.

Suppressionismanifestedinthesuppressionofdesiresandactionsthatcontradicttheintendedpurpose.

Whenreasonandfeelingsareinconflict,thepowerofwillisreflectedincontrollingone'sactionsandsubmittingtoreason.

Thecourseofaction

Thedecision-makingstage

Generallyincludesmotivationalstruggle,determiningactiongoals,choosingactionmethods,makingactiondecisions,etc.Link.

Implementationdecisionstage

Wemustnotonlyadheretothepredeterminedgoalsandplannedbehavioralprocedures,butalsostopthoseactionsthatarenotconducivetoachievingthegoals.

Mutualrelations

Thewillandcognitionandemotionalactivitiesarecloselyrelatedanddifferentfromeachother:

Theobjectiveworldandsocialpracticearethesourceofthepowerofwill.Theprocessofknowingistheprerequisiteandfoundationofemotionandwill.Withoutthecognitiveprocess,therewillbenoemotionandwillprocess.

Emotionhasanimportanteffectoncognitionandvolitionalprocessestoincreaseordecreasepower-itmaybethedrivingforceofcognitionandvolitionalaction,oritmaybeitsresistance.

Inturn,thewillhasamoderatingeffectoncognitiveandemotionalprocesses.Intheprocessofthesecondsignalsystem,thewillplaysanimportantregulatoryrole.

Thethreeinfluenceandinfiltrateeachothertoformaunifiedpsychologicalprocess.