defined
continental climate located between the east coast of the continental inland and latitude of 40 ° to 60 ~ 65 °. Winter in the continental climate control, the average temperature of the coldest month, the southern below 0 ℃, the north close to the -40 ℃. The average temperature in the hottest month of the southern 26 ~ 27 ℃, the north closer to 20 ℃. Southern growing season of about 200 days, the north is only 50 to 70 days. Belong to this climate zone are: most of Alaska and Canada, and northwest near China, Siberia, most of the Great Lakes.
characteristics and distribution
Features
temperate continental climate has broad and narrow sense. Generalized temperate continental climate, including temperate desert climate, temperate and sub-arctic climate grassland coniferous forest climate. Except the narrow concept wet latter. Temperate continental climate is characterized by: cold winters, hot summers, the temperature annual range is large, diurnal range is also great. Winter by the high-pressure control, minimum temperature of -73 ℃; southern summer the average July temperature of 26 ~ 27 ℃, up to 33 ℃, the north closer to 20 ℃. The maximum annual range of 62.3 ℃. Year-round by the continental air mass, precipitation south to north (North America from west to east) increased from 200mm annual precipitation from the following to around 400mm, the northern reaches 300 ~ 600mm. Natural vegetation from south to north temperate desert, temperate grasslands, the transition from the sub-arctic coniferous forest.
distribution
temperate continental climate is mainly distributed in the Eurasian continent 40 ° ~ 60 ° and continental inland areas of North America. Away from the sea, humid climate is difficult to reach, so dry and dry, the temperature of the diurnal and annual range is large. Moreover, the trend center of the continent, the more drought, annual temperature, the greater the diurnal, vegetation transition from forest to grassland, desert.
1, are widely distributed in Asia, North America and eastern Siberia, eastern Europe, throughout the year by the continental air mass control, secluded inland, far from the sea, leeward side of the mountain heavy barrier, little precipitation .
2, South America's Patagonia have this kind of climate, because westerly winds over the tall Andes, sank after the formation of foehn over the mountains, they rarely frontal cyclone activity, coupled with East Falkland cold current flowing through the shore, so little rain throughout the year.
3, with a continental climate is temperate climate for one type of climate as far from the sea, it is dry and dry; controlled because continental air mass, so the annual temperature and diurnal relatively large.
Genesis
temperate continental climate (temperate continental climate) mainly in the south and the Eurasian continent north latitude 40 ° ~ 60 ° and inland areas of the North American continent and southern South America. Away from the sea, humid climate is difficult to reach, so dry and dry, showed extreme continental climate, annual temperature, poor month for the most climate types. Moreover, the trend center of the continent, the more drought, annual temperature, the greater the diurnal, vegetation transition from forest to grassland, desert. Climate is characterized by: hot in summer and cold in winter, large temperature difference, concentrated rainfall, four distinct temperature changes, less annual rainfall, and strong continent.
Vegetation
temperate continental climate natural vegetation from south to north, from temperate desert, temperate grasslands, transition to sub-arctic coniferous forest.
temperate semi-arid climate is temperate grassland vegetation types correspond to typical chernozem soil.
temperate arid climate is temperate desert vegetation types correspond soil is desert soil.
typical area
Asian continental climate characterized by temperate most typical.
First of all, the majority of Asia's inland areas and high latitudes compared to other parts of the continent the same latitude with cold winter and hot in summer, spring and autumn short, a great annual temperature, precipitation and other weather features seasonal focus . Verkhoyansk, Yakutsk and Chita are in Asia and Europe on the eastern side, and Bodo, Trondheim and Bildt three places in the west of the same latitude Eurasia, they are very different climate types. The common feature of the first three places are cold in winter, summer and warmed by a large annual range of temperatures. Especially Verkhoyansk northeastern Siberia - oymyakon area, winter cold, the average January temperature as low as -50 ℃, the absolute minimum temperature has reached -71 ℃, the northern hemisphere has become "very cold"; July the average temperature at 10 ℃ above. Verkhoyansk absolute annual range was as high as 105.1 ℃, is the world's largest poor areas last year. In addition, Verkhoyansk, Yakutsk and Chita 3 to 4 months of the magnitude of warming and cooling of November 10 to the amplitude are great, and the spring and autumn temperature is higher than the temperature, precipitation mainly in the summer. Therefore, the three continental climate. In the west of the Eurasian continent corresponding latitude of Bodo, Trondheim and Carl Bildt, the winter temperature is about 0 ℃, cool in summer, annual range is only 15 ~ 18 ℃, spring and autumn the monthly variable temperature of not more than 4 ~ 5 ℃, spring autumn temperature below the temperature, belong temperate climate.
Secondly, the Asian interior climate change extreme elements, which is a prominent feature of continental climate.
Asian vast area of land, sea far away from the mainland, the mainland a complete outline, and the lack of Mainland extends into the Gulf; while the continent is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent, weakening the westerly circulation in the Atlantic Ocean and warm air impact on Asian climate. According to the higher latitudes away from the ocean and farther annual temperature greater principle, the majority of the inland climate and high latitudes of Asia compared to other continents the same latitudes, with a strong continental. Verkhoyansk - Oymyakon area, located in the high latitudes, very little heat in winter, and is located in the north-east Asia, hardly affected by the warm westerly winds. Speaking from circulation factors, the winter here is under control of powerful anticyclone, intense cooling effect caused by low temperatures; and the north basin and depression sloping terrain here is more conducive to the development of central and anticyclonic cold air. Therefore, it became the most cold Northern Hemisphere and the world's biggest annual temperature of the region.
represent the city
Asia : Urumqi, Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Hohhot, Erlian (China), Ulan Bator (Mongolia), Ya Kuci g, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk (Russia), Tashkent (Uzbekistan), Ashgabat (Turkmenistan), Tehran, Isfahan, Tabriz (Iran)
in Europe, Eurasia : Moscow, St. Petersburg (Russia), Helsinki (Finland), Vilnius (Lithuania), Minsk (Belarus), Kiev (Ukraine), Warsaw (Poland ), Prague (Czech Republic), Bratislava (Slovakia), Budapest (Hungary), Vienna (Austria), Munich, Berlin (Germany), Belgrade (Serbia), Bucharest (Romania), Sofia (Bulgaria), Madrid (Spain), Ankara (Turkey)
North America : Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto, Quebec, Edmonton (Canada), Pittsburgh, New York, Detroit, Chicago, Denver (United States)
South America : Mendoza, Neuquen (Argentina)