Overview
Tactical Nuclear Weapon, used to perform a campaign tactics task, and play an important target of important goals in the depth of the other party's tactics. The United States also has used the name of "Theater Nuclear Weapons", "Non-Strategic Nuclear Weapons", and the medium remote, mid-nuclear missiles also will also return this kind of nuclear weapon.
Development History
The United States deploys the first 280mm Cannon atmosphere in 1952, the first 280mm Cannon Agricultural cannon, and began to deploy tactical nuclear weapons in 1953. To Western Europe, I started to equip the War III nuclear missile in 1954, began design and producing various anti-submarine nuclear weapons in 1955. In the 1960s, it began a large number of production smaller and safer tactical nuclear warheads. In the 1970s, a new performance and powerful universal nuclear bomb were started to replace fixed-power proximal nuclear missile warheads and vintage nuclear bombs. In the 1980s, it is committed to implementing the modernization of tactical nuclear weapons, including improving the accuracy of the range and hit, improving the ability to combat target, enhanced motor and dispersion, and develop safer, reliable nuclear bombs. At the same time, in order to adapt to the operational requirements, it is also committed to the development of special performance tactical nuclear weapons, that is, a certain kind of killing effect of nuclear explosion, weakening other killing effects of tactical nuclear weapons. Such as the W79 neutron bulge nuclear fighting department, W70 type "spear" missile neutron warhead nuclear battles and weak remaining radioactive bombs (ie, shock waveballs), etc. Since the 1990s, the focus of the development of the US tactical nuclear weapons has turned to more practical and low-power drilling nuclear weapons to combat military goals such as underground biology, chemical weapons and underground commanders.
The Soviet Union began to develop tactical nuclear bombs in the 1950s. In 1955, the first short-range nuclear missile began to serve. In 1957, it began to deploy tactical nuclear weapons in Eastern Europe. In 1977, the first time deployed a motor-car solid fuel SS for more than 20 warheads, further improved the range of tactical nuclear weapons, the precision, reliability and survival ability, shorten the time and reloading time, and significantly increased The strength of tactical nuclear weapons. Since the 1990s, Russia's key development is more practical and low-power tactical nuclear weapons.
1986, the number of tactical nuclear weapons in the United States, the number of tactical nuclear weapons in the history (41,400), accounting for about more than 95% of the world's total 4,2500 tactical nuclear weapons.
With the development of the arms control situation, December 8, 1987, the United States and Su-Soviet countries signed the "US Su to eliminate the mid-range missile treaties" (referred to as " treaty"). According to the provisions of this Treaty, the mid-range (1000 ~ 5500 kilometers) and medium shortage (500 ~ 1000 kilometers) tactical nuclear missiles and the auxiliary equipment will be destroyed.
France announced the deployment of Luky Sinoo-core missiles in 1996. The UK also announced the deployment of its nuclear bombs in 1998.
In May 2012, according to the US "Foreign Policy" magazine reported that due to the continued nuclear weapon and missile research and development plan, the US Congress Military Commission has passed a amendment, proposed in the West Pacific. Regional redeploy tactical nuclear weapons. In 1991, in the context of the end of the Cold War, as part of the withdrawal deployment of global tactical nuclear weapons, the old Bush administration withdraws out tactical nuclear weapons deploying in Korea. Prior to this, the United States deployed tactical nuclear weapons in South Korea for up to 33 years. However, with the development of the North Korean Peninsula, South Korea's political altar is constantly requested to re-deploy tactical nuclear weapons in South Korea to deal with North Korea's "threat".
Features
Features: Small size, light weight, good motor performance, high precision. Explosive power has hundreds of tons, thousand tons, tens of tons and 100,000 tons of TNT equivalents, and a small number of tactical nuclear missiles can reach millions of tons of TNT equivalents. A small number of tactical nuclear weapons is fixedly launched in terns and waters, mostly in car, airborne, and carrier. Mainly used to combat important objectives for military operations, such as missile launch positions, command, assembled forces, airplanes, ships, tanks, field works, port, airports, railway hubs, important bridges and warehouses and other tactics Target.
Composition
Tactical nuclear weapon system is generally composed of a low powerful nuclear bomb and a shorter throne system and its command control system.
Tactical nuclear weapon includes: nuclear bomb, tactical cruise nuclear missile, ship and ship bullet, nuclear bomb, nuclei, nuclear bomb, nuclei, nuclear bomb, nuclei Mines, etc. The United States also has used the name of "Theater Nuclear Weapons", "Non-Strategic Nuclear Weapons", and the medium remote, mid-nuclear missiles also will also return this kind of nuclear weapon. The Soviet Union also divided "campaign tactical nuclear weapons". These division methods are related to geographic conditions, social political factors, which also shows that the boundaries of tactical nuclear weapons and strategic nuclear weapons are not very strict.
Classification and Examples
Classification
Tactical nuclear weapons mainly include tactical nuclear missiles, nuclear air bombs, nuclei, nuclear deep water bombs, nuclear mines, nucleat mines Nuclear torpedo, etc.
Atomic bomb: That is, the nuclear weapon made by the chain cracking reaction principle of uranium-235 or -239 and other heavy primary cores, called fissile weapons, commonly referred to as atomic bombs;
hydrogen bomb : Mainly using heavy hydrogen (), overweight hydrogen (), the thermal nuclear fusion reaction principle made by the thermal nuclear nuclear fusion reaction principle, called hot nuclear weapons or fusion weapons, commonly referred to as hydrogen bombs;
neutron bomb ( Also known as a strengthening radiation bomb): It is developed on the basis of a hydrogen bomb. It is mainly used as a main killing factor, mainly used to kill a small hydrogen bomb. Its main feature is not high, but nuclear radiation is very Strong, therefore is suitable for killing the power of the armor target, a large decrease of the non-direct attack target, so it is called "clean" tactical nuclear weapons.
gamma ray bomb: After it exploded, although the various effects are not large, it will not let people die, but can cause radioactivity to be contaminated, forcing the enemy to leave. So it is more advanced than the hydrogen bomb, the neutron bomb is more advanced, and there is more deterrent.
Iriboubler: It is a nuclear weapon that enhances radioactive contamination. It mainly uses neutron to generate induction radioactive substances, causing radioactive contamination in a certain time and a certain space to achieve an enemy and killing enemy. the goal of.
Shock wave: It is a small hydrogen bomb that uses slow-absorbing neutron technology to reduce neutron activation, and after exploding, the force can quickly enter the explosion zone.
three-phase pop: The center of the thermocyrotic polymetallization is combined with the center of the atomic bomb and the external uranium-238 reflective layer to obtain a greater than the hydrogen bomb.
At present, the atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, and neutrons are called the first generation, the second generation and the third generation of nuclear weapons, and the impact wave bullets, electromagnetic pulse bombs, such as electromagnetic pulses, etc. .
instance
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B-61 Nuclear Air Bomb
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W33 Corranadi
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B57 nuclear bomb
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W25 empty missile nuclear warhead
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blue peacock bomb
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m-28 / m-29 / w54 nuclear warhead (David Crocker)
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red beard nuclear flight Bounce
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W85 nuclear warhead
strategic nuclear weapon is used to attack strategic objectives Nuclear weapons, the distance can reach 10,000 kilometers, and nuclear explosion is usually hundreds of thousands of tons, millions of tons, or even tens of TNT equivalents. The main carrier tools are land-based strategic missiles, and the remote bombers carrying nuclear bombs, sneakers strategy nuclear missiles, and short-range attack nuclear missiles and cruise missiles. The main goal of attack is the military base, transportation hub, industrial base and political, economic, military centers, etc.
Compared with the strategic nuclear weapon, the tactical nuclear weapon has a good motor performance; the shooting system is short, generally a few hundred meters to hundreds of kilometers; the power of nuclear bombs is smaller, mostly Dry tens of thousands of tons TNT equivalents, individuals also have a few hundred tons of TNT equivalents of nuclear bombs and low to 10 tons of TNT equivalent special nuclear mines.
Background
Popular a view, that is, the core code can be self-policy. But in the era of rapid development of tactical nuclear weapons, this view is facing tests. A rear nuclear country, there is no possibility of abstracting nuclear capabilities in surgery in surgery in surgery in surgery in surgery in front of them without sufficient strength.
The tactical nuclear weapon is a surgery knife of the nuclear land. The small equivalence of modern tactical nuclear weapons cooperates with high-precision carrier, especially suitable for launching surgical strikes for specific targets, while also minimizing the hurts. The equivalent of modern tactical nuclear weapons is generally below 1,000 tons, saying that minimal can go to dozens of tons; the accuracy of the guided bomb is within 5 meters, the cruise missile is within 10 meters, the ballistic missile is within 100 meters, with 100 tons, thousand Tons of explosive power is equivalent.
and modern tactical nuclear weapons often do special tailors, such as medium bullets, shock wave bullets, nuclear electromagnetic radiation, so the destruction effect is large, such as a thousand ton neoli bomb Explosive efficacy is within 1000 meters of radius, and various nuclear explosion pollution can be basically reduced to the safety level.
and the nuclear country is facing 2 options: surrender or demise. If a limited nuclear warback will inevitably hit, the result is likely to go back to the stone era.
The actual tactical nuclear weapon may also be used in nuclear capital. Tactical nuclear weapons can be used as a buffering means to issue the final warning before mutual destruction. For example, in the future XX war, Z country found that the US Y state-owned interference can, can detonate a small nuclear bomb in advance on the Y-military entry line, or to sink the Y warship boat directly with tactical nuclear weapons, as a warning of the air gun ". Although there is such a sharp surgical knife, but the specific application is constrained by three factors:
Strong factor
strength first is the strength of strategic nuclear weapons, very clearly not enough destruction ability It is still not possible to use nuclear. There are about 6,000 strategic nuclear weapons and 1670 to 3300 tactical nuclear weapons, Russia has about 5500 strategic nuclear weapons and 3,000 to 4,000 tactical nuclear weapons, apparently they have the most fundamental strength of tactical nuclear weapons.
The strength is also the strength of the strike, and the British and France is also a nuclear country, but it is inferior to China. Therefore, in the application of tactical nuclear weapons, the US Su has absolute strength, China, Britain, and law also include India, all have potential.
Moral factors
Since the long-term people are equivalent to "destruction", so using nuclear weapons, whether it is tactical or strategy, must have sufficient reasons in morality. The second actual combat using the human history, from morality, no matter how many years in the past, its justice is not suspected. Since then, there seems to have no regime, because of its extreme evil, extremely stubborn, it is worthwhile to destroy.
Political factor
This is mainly to refer to the Tacker. The nuclear country in the world is constantly emerging, but there is no surgical surgery, the key is that several doctors are inconsistent and cannot determine the main knife doctor, "comprehensive prohibition", "nuclear non-proliferation" these treaties is waste paper. To do "give up the small interests of the nation, pursue the avenue of all mankind", it seems that it is almost impossible.
Despite the restriction, the use of tactical nuclear weapons may be a bad finger that smoked the window paper, maybe the Base Organization or Chechen True "dirty" attack is enough to cause the US or Russia's nuclear crazy. First, two thousand tactical nuclear weapons have been hit, and the general nuclear small fair will pay immediately!
my country's tactical nuclear weapon, in the no sound, it is also followed by US RUS. In the 1970s, the miniaturization of nuclear weapons. In the 1980s, the minimum quantity of China in my country was about 1,000 tons. It is said that in the 1990s, my country has mastered the technology of impact waveballs.
Impact wave bullet ratio of bullets more tactical effects
Although it describes the radioactive contamination in the scientific reading for 3 or 4 hours, it can actually take a week to reach Sufficient safety; the radioactive contamination of the shock waveball is very low, it is indeed 3 or 4 hours to enter the attacked area.
Impact waveballs are more suitable for attacking strict fortifications.
From the humanity, the fatal principle of impact waveballs is more human. Like the difference between lament, the difference between shooting, shooting and injection, although he is fatal.
Hazard
Nuclear leakage The influence of the personality in nuclear radiation, also known as radioactive substances, radioactive substances can be absorbed by breathing, skin wounds and digestive tract into the body, Incurable internal radiation, Y radiation can be absorbed by the body to be absorbed by the body, so that the person is taken out of the injury. The more radiation energy accepted by the body, the more serious the symptoms of radiology, causing carcinogenesis, the greater the tendon risk.
The radioactive substance can be absorbed into the body by breathing, skin wound and digestive tract, causing internal radiation, Y radiation can be absorbed by the body to be absorbed, so that the person is taken out of the injury. Symptoms of internal and external illumination forming radiation disease are: fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, skin red, ulcer, bleeding, hair loss, leukemia, vomiting, diarrhea. Sometimes the incidence of cancer, distortion, and hereditary lesions, affecting the health of generations. Generally speaking, the more radiant energy accepted by the body, the more severe the symptoms of radiology, causing carcinogenesis, the larger the risk of tertiality.