symbol

Detailedintroduction

Number●Denotation●Emblem●Expression●Tittle●Sign●Symbol.Asymbolisasignthatpeopleagreetorefertoacertainobject.Itcanincludeallphenomenathatshowmeaningthroughfeelingsinanyform.Somethingthatcanbefeltinthesephenomenaistheembodimentoftheobjectanditsmeaning.

Forexample,"="isanequivalentsymbolinmathematics,"ForbiddenCity"ispoliticallyasymbolofancientChineseimperialpower,"China"isasymbolofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,and"Bolshevik"isacommunistsymbol.Ithastheconnotationoftwoaspects:

Ontheonehand,itisthecarrierofmeaning,anditistheexpressionofspiritualexternalization;Ontheotherhand,ithasanobjectiveformthatcanbeperceived.

Inthesymbol,therearebothfeelingdata,andspiritualmeaning.Thetwoareinseparable.Forexample,thetrafficlightsatcrossroadsarenolongerintendedtoilluminatepeople,buttoindicateatrafficrule.Theconnectionbetweenthesymbolandthereflectedobjectisrealizedthroughmeaning.Signsalwayshavemeanings,andmeaningsarealwaysexpressedincertainsymbolicforms.Theconstructivefunctionofsignsistoestablishaconnectionbetweenperceptualsignsandtheirmeanings,andtopresentthisconnectioninourconsciousness.

Symbolsaretheexternalformormaterialcarrierofinformation,andanindispensablebasicelementintheexpressionanddisseminationofinformation.Symbolscanusuallybedividedintotwocategories:linguisticsymbolsandnon-verbalsymbols,andthesetwosymbolsareusuallycombinedintheprocessofcommunication.Whetheritisalinguisticsignoranon-verbalsign,itcanplayareferentialfunctionandcommunicationfunctioninthecommunicationofhumansociety.

"Symbol"isoneofthebasicconceptsofsemiotics.Symbols,generallyrefertotext,language,code,mathematicalsymbols,chemicalsymbols,trafficsigns,etc..However,therangeofsymbolsinsemioticsismuchbroader.Insociallife,suchasgreetingactions,rituals,games,literature,art,mythology,etc.,theconstituentelementsareallsymbols.Inshort,everythingthatcanbeusedasasignofsomethingcanbecalledasymbol.Symbolsareaccompaniedbyvarioushumanactivities,andhumansocietyandhumanculturecanbeformedbymeansofsymbols.Amongthevarioussymbolsystems,languageisthemostimportantandalsothemostcomplexsymbolsystem.ThelinguistSaussurebelievesthatasymbolincludestwoinseparablecomponents,thesignifier(thatis,asetofexpressionsofthelanguageorasetofprintingandwritingsigns)andthesignified(thatis,theconceptorthemeaningofthesymbol).Concept).Wordsignsare"arbitrary".Exceptforonomatopoeia,thereisnofixednaturalconnectionbetweenthesignifierofawordanditsreferent.ThesemioticaestheticianCassirerbelievesthat"artcanbedefinedasasignlanguage",whichistheformalsignlanguageofourthoughtsandfeelings.Everyartisticimagecanbesaidtobeasymbolorsystemofsymbolswithspecificmeanings.Inordertounderstandtheartisticwork,onemustunderstandtheartisticimage;andinordertounderstandtheartisticimage,itisalsonecessarytounderstandtheconstruction.InCassirer'sview,thesymbolisthereferentialformoftheobject,anditsdominatingfunctionhasthefunctionofgeneratinghumanityandshapinghumanculture.

Inacognitivesystem,asymbolreferstoanimagewithacertainmeaning.Itcanbeacombinationofgraphics,images,text,soundsignals,architecturalmodeling,orevenakindofideologicalculture,anCurrentaffairsfigures.Forexample,"="isanequivalentsymbolinmathematics,and"ForbiddenCity"ispoliticallyasymbolofancientChineseimperialpower.Ingeneral,thesymbolmeansakindof"featurememorial",justlikeanicknameisanamethatiseasytorememberandeasytorecognize.ItmaybetroublesomeforyoutorememberZhangSanLiSi,butitismuchmoreconvenienttoremember"bigbeard"and"littleglasses",sothesymbolscanalsobesaidtobecausedbypeople'scognitivehabits.

Basicfeatures

Thiseffectispossiblebecauseithasthreebasicfeatures:

Abstractness

CassirerUnderstandthesymbolasaformfromspecialabstracttouniversal."Akindofabilitytoseparatevariousrelationshasbeendevelopedamongpeople."Thisabilitytoseparatevariousrelationsiscalled"reflection"intheGermanphilosopherHerder.Thatis,peoplecanextractcertainfixedcomponentsfromthefloatingperceptualstream,andthenseparatethemforresearch.Thiskindofabstractionabilityisabsentinanimals.Thisshowsthattheideaof​​relationshipisdependentontheideaof​​signs.Withoutaverycomplicatedsystemofsigns,theideaof​​"relationship"issimplyimpossible.Therefore,"ifthereisnosymbolsystem,aperson'slifewillbelimitedtohisbiologicalneedsandactualinterests,andtherewillbenowaytoanidealworld."

Universality

Theso-calleduniversalitymeansthatthefunctionofsymbolsisnotlimitedtospecialconditions,butauniversallyapplicableprinciple,whichincludesallareasofhumanthought.Thischaracteristicshowsthatthesymbolicfunctionofpeopleisnotrestrictedbyanyperceptualmaterials.Themeaningofthismoment,thatmoment,thisplace,andotherplaceisrelativelystable.Sinceeverythinghasaname,universalapplicabilityisoneofthegreatestcharacteristicsofthehumansymbolsystem.Thisiswhytheworldofdeaf,dumb,andblindchildrenisincomparablywiderandricherthanthemosthighlydevelopedanimalworld.ThisiswhyonlyhumanscanopenupthemysteryofXiamen,theculturalworld.

Variability

Asymbolisnotonlyuniversal,butalsoextremelyvariable.Wecanusedifferentlanguages​​toexpressthesamemeaning,orinthesamelanguage,wecanusedifferentwordstoexpresscertainthoughtsandconcepts."Therealhumansymbolisnotreflectedinitsuniformity,butinitsversatility.Itisnotrigid,butflexible."Cassirerbelievesthatitisthesethreecharacteristicsofsymbolsthatmakesymbolssurpasssignals.CassirerusesPavlov'sexperimentonthesecondsignalsystemofdogsasanexampletoillustrate.Hebelievesthat"ringing"asa"signal"isaphysicalfactandapartofthephysicalworld.Onthecontrary,human"symbol"isnot"factual"but"ideal",itispartoftheworldofhumanmeaning.Thesignalisthe"operator"andthesymbolisthe"referrer".Thesignalhasacertainphysicalorsubstantiveexistence,whilethesymbolisconceptual,meaningful,andhasfunctionalvalue.Becauseofthisspecialfunction,humanbeingscannotonlypassivelyaccepttheinfluencegivenbytheworldandmakeadefactoreaction,butalsomakeadefactoreactiontotheinfluencegivenbytheworld,andcantaketheinitiativetotheworld.Creationandinterpretation.Itiswiththissymbolicfunctionthathumanscanbesublimatedfromthepurelynaturalworldofanimalstotheculturalworldofhumans.

Basicfunctions

Communicationisoneofthebasicfunctionsofsymbols,andthecommunicativefunctionsofsymbolsendowthesymbolicworldwithstrongvitality.Inthesemioticsense,humancommunicativebehaviorisReferstothebehavioralcoordinationprocessinwhichpeopleusesymbolstoexpresstheirfeelingsandcarryoutinterpersonalinformationexchangeandinformationsharing.Inthisprocess,differentsymbolshavedifferentencodinganddecodingrules.SymboliccontextistheuseofsymbolsforcognitionandcommunicationForspecificsituations,itmainlyplaysarestrictiveandexplanatoryroleincommunication.

1. Expressionandunderstandingfunction

2. Communicationfunction

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3. Thinkingfunction

Injournalism

Purpose

ItisestablishedbyconventionThetoolofsocialcommunicationisrepresentedbylanguage.Undernormalcircumstances,theteachingpartiesuseacertainsymbolunderthepremiseofanagreement,andthisagreementisconsciousorunconscious.Theaudience'sselectiveattention,understandingandacceptanceshouldbeusedonthepremiseofagreement.

Type

referstothetypeofsymbolsusedconsciouslyorunconsciouslybythesenderorrecipientinaspecificcommunicationlink.(Forexample,language,music,andcolorsinmoviesaredifferenttypesofsymbols)

Classification

Symbolscanbedividedintosignalsandsymbols,andsymbolscanbedividedintolanguagesymbolsandNon-verbalsymbols.

Classificationofsymbolicmeanings

1)Explicitmeaningandsuggestivemeaning:theformeristheliteralmeaningofthesymbolandbelongstothecorepartofthemeaning,andthelatteristheextendedmeaningofthesymbolandbelongstothemeaningTheperipheralpart.

2)Extensionmeaningandconnotationmeaning:extensionisthecollectionofthingsindicatedbyconceptualsymbols,andconnotationreferstothegeneralizationofthecharacteristicsandessentialattributesofthethingsindicated.

3)Indicativemeaninganddistinctivemeaning:Indicativemeaningisthemeaningthatconnectssymbolswiththingsintherealworldforthinking,anddistinctivemeaningisthemeaningthatexpressesthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthemeaningsoftwosymbols.

Theambiguityofthemeaningofthesymbol

1)Theambiguityofthemeaningofthelanguagesymbolitself

2)Theambiguityofthelanguagesymbol

Ability

referstotheproficiency,level,andcharacteristicsofaparticularpasserorrecipientinusingacertainsymbol.

(Whatyoudon’tunderstand(music)canonlyshowthatyoursymbolvarietyandsymbolabilityaredifferentfromothers.)

ThepasserandtherecipientuseacommonorOnlyasimilarsymbolsystemcancommunicatewithcleardirectionandpurpose.

Thereceiverandthereceivermusthavethecorrespondingsymbolicabilityinordertocommunicateaccuratelyanddelicately.Anartisticsymbolthatbecomesanimageofanartwork.Therefore,thesymbolicissueofartworkcannotbeignoredforartisticcreationandappreciation.

Specialsymbols

QQ2009beta2QQnicknamescanusespecialsymbols(❤♂♀etc.)

Textsymbols:Chinesecharacters-Oracle-Romannumerals-Latin.

Punctuationmarks

?(questionmark)/!(exclamationmark)/.(Period)/&(and)/,(comma)""(quotationmark):(colon)/—(dash)/,(stop).

Mathematicalsymbols

=(equalsign)/+(plussign)/-(minussign)/×(multiplicationsign)/÷(divisionsign)

Themainlogicsymbolscangreatlysavementallaborandliberateproductivity.

Othersymbolsusedinculturallife

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①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⒈⒉⒊⒋⒌⒍⒎⒏⒐⒑⒒⒓⒔⒕⒖⒗⒘⒙⒚⒛

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♥♡▲△▼▽★☆◆◇■□●

○♠♤♣♧⊙◈▣▦▩▧▨▤▥▒░░

☏☎◑◐㊣◎⊕

• SpecialSymbols

☻☺◙◘ூ♦◊▫૪♀♂ౄ∵∴™☼૭卍₪☻☺◙◘ூ♦◊▪▫4♀♂ౄ∵∴™☼7₪

※ீ￥ஃ〒￠￡※ஜ￠￡※ஓ￠￡※ஜ￠◦ஓ￠￡※ஓ￠￡◦￠◦>

Medium×$%@&#〄*φω〃·†ೀ४ƒΞ‡∞A::Φδゑヂ嫡>〥⃿♪‥∯>∮∯>∽ഇੴεїзಇஇ

• MathematicalSymbols

⅓⅔⅛⅜⅝⅞╳×+﹢－×÷≠±√=≒∞⊥∠∟⊿∫∮㏒㏑‰‱

• SymbolTime

㍘Asymbol/li>

㏠㏡㏢㏣㏤㏥㏦㏧㏨㏩㏪㏫㏬㏭㏮㏯㏰㏱㏲㏳㏴㏾㏾㏾㏾㏾㏾㏾㏾㏾㏾㏾㏾㏾㏾>

InSymbols

㋀㋁㋂㋃㋄㋅㋆㋇㋈㋉㋊㋋

• NumbersymbolsDigitalSymbols

OneTwoThreeFourFiveSixSevenEightNineTen

OneTwoThreeFourFiveSixSevenEightNinety(I)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi)(vii)(viii)(ix)

①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩

⑪⑀⑬〭〭〮⑬⑯⑰⑱⑲⑳

• Arrows

↖↗↙↘↙↘ 〨☞―〆〆〆〆〆〨〨;≧≦

• TheDirectionofSymbols

㊤㊥㊦㊧㊨

• Quotes

【】『』「」《》〔〕(){}﹛﹜﹝﹞〖〗[]『』""""[]()()()﹝﹞(((□)

︵︷︹︻︽^﹃((

︶︸︺︼︾﹀﹄))

┌┐┌┐╭╮╔╓╖╒╕∩┌┐╭╮╔╓╖╒╕

└┘└┘╰╯╘╛╜╘╛∪└┘╰╯╘╛╜╘╛

• SymbolicoftheLine

╔╦╒╤╕wa╛╨╜└┴┘☆═★═☆

• Boxsymbols

ˍ▂▃▄▅▆▇█▏▎▍▌▋▊◢◣◥◤▲▼◄►

• GreekLetters

ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜ

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νξοπρστυφχψω

• RomeSsymbols

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧ

ⅨⅩ〢〣卄卅〥〦〧Ⅸ〥〦〧Ⅸ30〥〦〧Ⅸ〥〦〧Ⅸ30

EnglishSymbols

⒜⒝⒞⒟⒠⒡⒢⒣⒤⒥⒤⒥⒀⒀⒀〒〒‪⒀⒀〒〒〒〒〒〒〒〒‒〒〒⒀⒀〒〒⒱⒲⒳⒴⒵

ⓐⓑⓒⓓⓔⓕⓖⓗⓘⓙⓚⓛⓜⓝ

ⓞⓟⓠⓡⓢⓣⓤⓥⓦⓧⓨⓩ

㎡㎥

Englishname

PS:Ifyouwanttotypethesesymbols,youcanuseSogouinputmethod.

WordSymbols

InMicrosoftWord,youcaninsertanysymbolsofanyfontandspecialsymbolsthroughthe"Symbols"dialogbox.TaketheWord2010softwareasanexampletointroducethemethod:

Step1,opentheWord2010documentwindowandswitchtothe"Insert"functionarea.Clickthe"Symbol"buttoninthe"Compliant"group.

Step2,youcanseesomeofthemostcommonlyusedsymbolsintheopenedsymbolpanel,clicktherequiredsymboltoinsertitintotheWord2010document.Ifthereisnosymbolyouneedinthesymbolpanel,youcanclickthe"OtherMatches"button.

Step3,openthe"Symbol"dialogbox,clickthedrop-downtrianglebuttonontherightof"Subset"inthe"Symbol"tab,andselecttheappropriatesubset(Suchas"arrow").Thenclicktoselecttherequiredsymbolinthesymboltable,andclickthe"Insert"button.