Basic Introduction
submarine missile (1)
── submarine missile which is launched by a fixed ground attack underwater submarine missile targets. It is great mobility, concealment, strong viability, easy to implement nuclear assault is an important part of combat readiness of nuclear weapons.The world's first one missile submarine to the United States, "Regulus" Type 1 cruise missile, which in 1951 successfully launched from a submarine, a maximum range of 960 kilometers, the warhead is 4─5-ton conventional warhead or a nuclear warhead . The world's first ballistic missile submarine is the first successful development of the Soviet Union. September 1955, the Soviet Union for the first time a modification of land-based tactical ballistic missile was successfully launched from a submarine. Subsequently, the Soviet Union successfully developed SS─N─4 type ballistic missile submarine, it's a range of 650 kilometers, the warhead of 100-ton nuclear warhead.
Details
submarine missile (1)
submarine missile, length 8.7 to 17 meters in diameter ~ 1.4 2.1 m, a range of 650 to 11,000 kilometers, take-off weight of 10 to more than 60 tons, from 0.5 to 2 wt throw. t, hit accuracy 3700 to 130 meters. Warheads single warhead, and sub-cluster multi-warhead MIRV. Multiple-warhead missile 3 to 10 warheads, the total explosive power of 30 to more than 3 million tons of TNT equivalent. Guidance system uses inertial guidance or starlight plus inertial guidance. Power plant, they use a grade 2 or 3 solid fuel rocket motor, there is also a liquid fuel rocket engine. Strategic missile submarine missile compartment 12 to 24 have vertical launch tube. Underwater submarine maneuver, the navigation system can provide data about the ship position, heading, speed, and other continuous vertical and horizontal angle of the missile launch, along with the pre-loaded target coordinate set, the system calculates the firing command by the firing of each missile ready Moroto and loading it into the missile guidance given computer, the speedy completion of the missile launch preparations. When transmitting, usually cold emission (emission power) mode, generally using steam as an energy gas, a larger thrust to launch the missile from the launch tube, the rise in the water before the water itself or water after the missile engine ignition, a predetermined ballistic shot to the target.
national missile
France
France began to develop ballistic missile submarine since the mid-1960s, the first generation in 1971, the M1 missile submarine boat formally installed using the France ranks among the world's nuclear powers. Total length of 10.4 meters M1 missile, projectile diameter 1.5 m, a range of 2500 km, the bullet 500 thousand tons of TNT equivalent.
Following the M1, France, in 1974 and 1976 respectively, the successful development of M2 and M20 submarine-launched missiles, two missile warheads equivalent different except outside (M2 500,000 tons, to 1.0 million M20 TNT equivalent), is substantially the same other properties, they belong to the second generation of missiles. Compared to the first generation and second generation only by the range of 2,500 km to 3,000 km, the warhead from 50 tons to 1,000,000 tons, the rest is not a big improvement.
1985 In April 2009, the third generation of M4 missile submarine service. M4 total length of 11.05 m missile, projectile diameter 1.953 m, a total weight of 35 tons, a range of 4000 km, 300 m circular error probability, the number of sub-missile nose 6, 150,000 tons of TNT warhead equivalent, using three solid rocket booster. The first stage thrust 70 tons, the working time of 60 seconds, second stage 30 tons thrust, working time 75 seconds; 7 tons thrust third stage, the working time of 45 seconds. M4 ballistic missile highest point of 800 km with a total flight time of 20 minutes.
submarine missile (1)
From the point of view technical level, M4 has greatly improved than the first, second generation missiles, have increased the size of large range has increased, and increased a boost, particularly worth mentioning is that the first use of six sub-guided multiple warheads. Thus, by the late 1980s, the total number of warheads France SLBM from the original 176 suddenly increased to 496, increased nearly 3 times. France is developing a new generation M5 submarine missiles and 15,000-ton missile submarines.Soviet Union
From the mid-1950s, the former Soviet Union began to develop ballistic missile submarine, and for the first time in a conventionally powered submarine-launched from the water in September 1955 successfully. Thereafter, submarine equipped with a ss-n-4, ss-n-5, ss-n-6, ss-n-8, ss-n-18, ss-n-23 six kinds of liquid fuel and ss-n -17, ss-n-20 latent two solid fuel ballistic missiles. ss-n-23 missiles, range 8500 km throw-weight of 1.52 tons and can carry six to eight minutes warhead, hit accuracy 600 m.
US
From the mid-1950s the United States began to develop ballistic missile submarine, 1961 on "George Washington" nuclear-powered submarines, the first underwater launch success. He has developed a "North Star" a1, a2, a3, "Poseidon" (c3), "Trident" -Ⅰ (c4) (Fig. 1) and "Trident" -Ⅱ (d5) six models missile submarine, respectively in 1960, 1962, 1971, 1979 and 1990 submarine equipment; "Trident" -Ⅱ (d5) submarine missile with a range of 11,000 km and hit accuracy 130 to 185 meters and is equipped with eight sub-guided nuclear warheads, each warhead to 475,000 tons of TNT equivalent.
China
China in October 1982 and September 1988, the launch vehicle successfully from underwater submarine, marking the Chinese missile submarine has entered a practical stage.
Under modern conditions, submarine missile strategic nuclear forces in the viability of the strongest weapons. Its development direction is: reduce model species, improve quality, increase the range and expand the range of targets and enhance the viability; further improve the hit accuracy and load capacity, increase the ability to destroy hard targets; perfect sub-guided multiple warhead technology, and maneuvering warhead stealth technology development, increased penetration capability; improved transmission and control system, to shorten the transmission time. Cruise to potential development direction are: to improve range, speed, precision guidance and target recognition.
Soviet Union / Russia's ballistic missile submarine
Ah solid liquid missile into battle former Soviet Union has developed a six-generation missile submarine to a total of eight models, there are six missiles are liquid, two kinds of solid missiles. In the development of missile submarine, and accordingly the construction of five levels of ballistic missile submarines and improved. The first generation of missile to yield 55 parts of a 4 N powder equipment from the late 1950s, the use of liquid propellant can be stored, close range, low accuracy, emit only water from the submarine. The second generation missile '' N a tire two 5 " transmission mode switch submarine launch. Third generation missile "55-N-61" ( 'Selb ") carrying cluster warhead. Missile fourth generation" 8-N-55 "(' Suofu Lai ') and" 55-N-17 "(" Peng ") models," 55-N-81 "is the first inertial guidance system using the starlight, the longest-range missile submarine f" 55'N 17 a "is the first use of solid rocket motor the submarine missile deployment generation missiles showed that Soviet missile submarine began to take "solid, liquid missile into homogeneous" development Margaret Road _ under the pole gun nose olive "55-N-18" light emblem flat pair guide Hong Jin fly lever downwards price paid stalk comprises Xin coming compile Qian "small" Movies promoter. Hey Qian Qian core black core Kaoru sixth generation enjoy playing a N s has a Yi Hu 2 ( "gills of fish with the bucket 55 and N a Na 23 "(" Sailing ") in two models, designed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya long."