Degreeofdeviation
(1)Approximately,thereisnodifferenceinthecolorlightofthetwodyedsamplesalternatelyfromlefttoright.
(2)Micro,thereseemstobeadifferenceinthecolorandlightofthetwodyedsamplesalternatelyfromlefttoright.
(3)Slightly,itiseasytodistinguishthecolordifferencebyvisualinspectionofthetwodyedsamplesalternately.
(4)Incomparison,thereisasignificantdifferencebetweenthetwodyedsamplesbyvisualevaluation.
(5)Itisobviousthatthetwodyedsamplesarebasicallyintwohues.
BasicShades
Theircolorsarered,greenandblue.Thesethreecolorlightsarenotonlythemaincolorlightsobtainedafterthedecompositionofwhitelight,butalsothemaincomponentsofthemixedcolorlights,andcanmatchthespectralresponseintervalofthehumaneye'sretinalcells,whichconformstothevisualphysiologicaleffectofthehumaneye.Thesethreecolorsaremixedindifferentproportions,almostallcolorsinnaturecanbeobtained,andthemixedcolorgamutisthelargest;andthesethreecolorsareindependent,andoneoftheprimarycolorscannotbemixedbyotherprimarycolors.Therefore,weRed,green,andbluearecalledthethreeprimarycolorsofcolorlight.Foraunifiedunderstanding,theInternationalCommissiononIllumination(CIE)in1931stipulatedthefrequencyofthethreeprimarycolorsfR=428.6THz,fG=549.3THz,fB=688.4THz.Inthestudyofcolorscience,inordertofacilitatequalitativeanalysis,whitelightisoftenregardedasbeingsynthesizedbytheadditionofthethreeprimarycolorsofred,green,andblue.
Thecolorandlightmixingcanbedividedintothreetypes:addinglightmixing,dimminglightmixingandneutralmixing.
Classification
Addlightmixing
Itbelongstolightmixing.Combiningthelightradiatedbythelightsourcebodycanproduceanewcoloredlight.Forexample,whenthereisnolightinfrontofalimewall.Itisinthedark,andtheeyescannotseeit.Thewallisredwhenilluminatedonlybyredlight,greenwhenilluminatedonlybygreenlight,andthewallilluminatedbybothredandgreenlightsisyellow.Thehueandpurityofthisyellowarebetweenredandgreen,anditsbrightnessHigherthanred,higherthangreen,closetothesumofredandgreenbrightness,becausetheprojectionlightbecomesbrighteraftermixing,soitiscalledaddinglightmixing.
Fromtheexperimentofprojectionlightmixing,wecanknowthatthethreecolorsofvermilion,emeraldgreen,andindigo(purpleblue)areprimarycolors,andthesameprimarycolorscanbemixedtoproducelemonyellow,blue-green,andbright.Threeshadesofpurple.Theinter-colorlightthatisamixtureofoneprimarycolorlightandtheothertwoprimarycolorsiscalledcomplementarycolorlight.Forexample,emeraldandpurple,yellowandindigo,vermilionandcyan,etc.,thethreegroupsareallcomplementarycolors,andthecomplementarycolorsaremixedaccordingtoacertainratio,andwhitelightcanbeobtained.
Dimmingmixing
Itreferstothemixingofcolorantsthatcannotemitlight,butcanabsorbpartoftheilluminatinglight,andreflecttheremaininglight.Differentcolorantshavedifferentabilitytoabsorbthefrequencyandbrightnessofthecolorlight.Thenewcolorantformedafterthecolorantismixedcangenerallyenhancethelightabsorptionabilityandweakenthebrightnessofthereflection.Undertheconditionthattheprojectedlightremainsunchanged,thelightreflectingabilityofthenewcolormaterialislowerthantheaverageofthelightreflectingabilityofthecolormaterialbeforemixing.Therefore,thebrightnessofthenewcolormaterialisreduced,andthepurityisalsoreduced,soitiscalleddimmingmixing.
Thethreeprimarycolorsofthedirectmixingofthedimmingmixedcolorseparationmaterialandthesuperimposedcolormaterialofthetransparentcolormaterialaremagenta(rosered,redwithoutyellow),lemonyellowandskyblue(alsocalledCyanisabsolutelyfreeofyellowandred,suchasskyblue,notplainblueandultramarineblue,norphthalocyanblue).Everytwoprimarycolorsaremixedindifferentproportionsandcanbeconvertedintoseveralsecondarycolors,amongwhichorange,green,andpurplearetypicalsecondarycolors.Thepurityofthelightmixingroomisoftennothighenough.Inactualwork,thehigherpurityintermediatecolorproducedbytheorangechemicalplantisoftenusedinsteadofthedimmingmixingintermediatecolor.Thenewcolorthatthethreeprimarycolorsaremixedtogetheriscalledthecomplexcolor.Themixingofaprimarycolorwithtwootherprimarycolorsisalsocalledacomplexcolor.Therearemanytypesofcomplexcolors,thepurityisrelativelylow,andthehueisnotclear.Thethreeprimarycolorscanbeadjustedtoblackordarkgrayaccordingtoacertainratio.Aprimarycolorandanopposingsecondarycolorcanbeadjustedtoblackordarkgrayaccordingtoequalweights.Thesetwocolorsarecallednon-complementarycolors.
Watercolorpaint.Ink.Coloredcellophane,colormaterialswithhighertransparency,plexiglass,etc.arecalledtransparentcolormaterials.Theirsuperposition,likethedirectmixingofcolormaterials,cangiveanewsenseofcolor.
Sameasthedirectmixingofthecolormaterials,thethreeprimarycolorsofmagenta(rosered),yellow(lemonyellow)andcyan(skyblue)aresuperimposed,andthemainthreecolorsareorange,green,andpurple.Thesecondarycolorsoppositetotheprimarycolorsarecomplementarycolors.
Yellowandcyanoverlaptoproducemediumgreen,yellowandmagentacanonlyoverlaptoproducered,notorange.Cyanandmagentaoverlaptocreateblue,whichismuchlowerinbrightnessthancyanandmagenta.Oncethemagentaischangedtoscarlet,orthecyanisslightlydarker,theoverlaywillnolongerbeblue,butblack.Forexample,plainblueandscarletaresuperimposed,andthesuperimposedredisblack.
Complementarycolorsaresuperimposed.Whentheoriginalcolorishighinbrightness,grayorgraycanbesuperimposed;whentheoriginalcolorislowinbrightness,darkgrayorblackcanbesuperimposed.
Whenstacking,thecolorisdividedintopaper.Generallyspeaking,thesuperimposedcolorismoreaffectedbythefacecolor,forexample,redandemeraldsuperimposeblack.Whenbrightrediscomplexion,blackhasaredsmell;whenemeraldiscomplexion,blacktendstogreen.Thethickerthecolorlayerofthecomplexion,thelowerthetransparency,themoreobviousthetendencyofthiscolor.
Whentheprintinginkisprinted,intermsoftheconvenienceofproductionandtheeffectofoverprinting,itisbesttousethehighlightnessoftheorthochromaticasthebasecolor,andshouldnotbeusedasthefacecolor.
Ifthecostumedesignercanaccuratelyandskillfullyapplyinkstacking,itcanreducethecolorandnumberofprints,andproducerichcolors,uniformcolorlayers,stronggloss,andconvenientprinting.Theeffectofpossiblesavingsinprintingcosts.Theproblemisthatitisdifficulttopredicttheexcellenteffectofstackingandrequirespainstakingresearch.Oncethepredictioniswrong,theeffectmaybeworse.
Neutralblending
referstocolorblendinginwhichtheblendedcolorisneitherimprovednorreduced.
Neutralmixingismainlycoloreddiscrotatingmixingandspatialvisualmixing.
Putred,orange,yellow,green,blue.Paintthesameamountofcolormaterialssuchaspurpleonthedisc,andturnitintolightblue.Paintmagenta,yellow,cyan,orcomplementarycolorsofredandgreen,yellowandblue-violet,orangeandblue,etc.,aslongastheratioisright,itcanbelightgray.
Onthecolorwheel,redandyellowspinoutorange,blueandyellowspinoutgreen,redandbluespinoutpurple.
Aswestandontherailway,wecanseethetworailsinfrontofusstretchoutintothedistance,andfinallydisappearatapointonthehorizon.Ifthetworailshavetheirowncolors,afteracertaindistance,afterbeingseparatedfromtherails,thetwocolorswillalsobecombinedintoanewcolor.Theunityofformiscalledperspectivereductionofform,andtheunityofcoloriscalledspatialvisualmixingofcolor.
Thedots,lines,nets,smallareasandothershapesofdifferentcolorsarepaintedonthepaperinastaggeredmanner,andthenewcolorsmixedoutofthespacecanbeseenatadistance.
Iftheprimarycolorofthespatialmixingisthesameastheprimarycolorofthedimming,theinter-mixing,re-coloring,etc.aresimilartotheinter-colorre-colormixinginthecolorwheel.Thecolorsmixedinthatspacearelively,flickering,andverydifferentfromthecolorsmixedwithdimming.
Thereisatangibleperspectivereductioninspace,aswellasamixedspaceofcolor,whichisdeterminedbytheperceptionmethodoftheeye.
Impressionistsfollowedthisruleandcreatedmanypointillistoilpaintings.Thecolorsofthesepicturesareveryloud,andthesenseofsunlightandairarewellrepresented.
Modernandmoderndotprintingusestheprincipleofcolorspacemixing,withthehelpofextremelysmallprimarycolorpointsofdifferentsizesandflows,tomixextremelyrichandrealisticcolors.
Decorativecolorscanalsousetheprincipleofspacemixingtomixmorecolorswithasmallamountofcolorstoenrichthecolorsofthedesignandenhancethepowerofthework.Theancientmosaicpaintingisaprecedent.