Development By
Sweden, the Swedish Design Association established in 1900 is not only an official institution, but also engaged in industrial design national education, solving cooperation between industrial designers and manufacturers. Contact questions, and encourage some large companies at the time, such as ceramic enterprises Gustavsberg and Rorstand, and glass companies Orrefors and other designers participated in the activities of the association, so that the design association will be able to master the product design and The link between production and market is in time, and the design and enterprise, products, markets, and consumers are combined.
After the Second World War, Denmark's design was guided and supported by the government. Danish's occupation in the Germans, there has been a rehabilitation of handicrafts, but this kind of atmosphere is in the war because the government has established strict standards for industrial design and furniture design, promoting handling and modern production organic combination. And is braked. After the war, Denmark set up a special sector - Danish Furniture Producer Quality Management Committee, responsible for managing the quality of Danish furniture and encompasses standards, and sample quality inspection of new products. At the same time, Denmark has also established the Society of Artsand Crafts and Industrial Design, the association's test center strictly destroyed properties of all Danish industrial products to ensure high quality of all Danish products. It is thus establishing the image of "quality products" internationally.
It was designed in the Second World War, which was a fairly developed Finland. After the design recovery, the development of fast development, the principles of functionalism and the elegant and human conditions of strict controlled design style, soon It became an important country in the world industrial design. After the war, Finland has set up a series of institutions related to industrial design, and these institutions have a government, and they have private spontaneous people. Such as the Finnish Industrial Designer Association, Finland's Foreign Trade Association, Finnish Hand Process and Design Association, etc. These institutions have promoted and promoted Finland industrial design from organizational publicity, quality inspection, standardization.
In summary, after the Second World War, Scandinavian national governments focused on technology, especially industrial design, guidance and investment, is the design business recovery and final formation area, national Prerequisites of style characteristics.
style
This style is different from the art deco style, streamline style, etc. Pursuing fashionable and commercial value, it is not a popular fashion, but a specific cultural background. The consistent embodiment of the foundation design attitude. The specific conditions of these countries do not have the same, and there is also a difference in design, forming the "Swedish modern style", "Danish modern style" and other geography. But in general, Scandinavian countries have a strong combination of design, which reflects Scandinavian country diversified cultural, political, language, traditional fuse, and restraints for forms and decorations. For traditional respect, in terms of form and function, for the appreciation of natural materials, etc. Scandinavian style is a modern style that combines modernist design ideas with traditional design culture. Pay attention to product practical functions, emphasizing human factors in design, avoiding too engraving and harsh geometric forms. It has created a modern aesthetic "humanistic taste", which is therefore generally welcomed by people.
Represents the characters
Mamsden
Marsden (Bruno Mathsson) is a representative of the Modern Designer of Sweden The characters have made great contributions to the philosophical foundation of Navia designed in the 1930s and has an important impact on the development of the design after the Second World War. Their furniture design has established a lightweight and rich in the Swedish home environment, providing important psychological reliance for family members over a long and cold winter. Matthandi likes to produce curved furniture with crimped-shaped layers. This furniture is light and elastic, and the comfort of furniture is improved, and it is easy to mass production. The pursuit of comfort has also affected the choice of materials, fiber strips and vine, and the natural and soft materials in bamboo are widely used.
Alto
There are two designers who have an impact on Scandinavia in the 1930s, one is Denmark's Clint, another It is Alvar Aalto, Finland. Clint does not advertranshant a functionalist, but he has focused on standardization, analog to digital structure and practical functional requirements, rather than self-performance. He is very respectful of the characteristics of materials and handicraft traditions, and is good at absorbing the essence of different cultures and different historical stages. The chair he designed can meet the needs of users in practical and aesthetic. By using a warm-colored wood, non-colored leather and vegetarian fabric, he created a design tang of nature and became an important feature of Scandinavian style. Clint redesigned a folding chair and a lounger in the 1930s, both of them are classic works. In Finland, Alto is known to make a low cost but designed furniture with industrial production methods. It is especially found to use thin and hard but flexible plywood to produce lightweight, comfortable, compact modern furniture. His armchair designed in 1928 is made of plywood and bending wood, lightweight and applicable, which makes full use of material characteristics, both beautiful and no sacrificed comfort. Alto's other furniture design also has the same feature. In fact, Scandinavian functionalism can be clear in Alto's work. The organic materials he hobbies not only make his works a warm, humanistic sentiment, but also help to reduce costs. Because wood is taking it in Finland. Alto is also longer than the glass product design. He used a vase designed in 1937 using an organic form of shape, its creation inspired by the lake border of his motherland. His design is still in the UK, the United States has a big impact, which promotes the "soft" trend of international furniture design and indicates the basic characteristics of "organic modernism" in the 1950s.
Style characteristics
Denmark
In wooden furniture, the world's first Danish design is the most classic. The essence of Danish design is people-oriented. If you design a chair, Danish design not only pursues its shape, but more focuses on how the curve is perfect when contacting the human body.
Swedish
Swedish style is not very emphasized, and more focusing on process and popularization. Sweden's design is more likely to be stacked.
Finnish
Finnish designers pursue the nature spirituality of landscape into the room, making it a kind of artistic wisdom and inspiration from nature. In the 1960s, Finnish gradually designed the sedimentation of the style, practical, closely combined with life, and gradually formed a modern feature of Finnish interior design.
Norwegian
Norwegian furniture penetrates thick and rustic, rich in Nordic temperament. In Norwegian style design, the molding and metal use is almost extremely extreme, often gives people an unexpected unique effect and enhances the role of the style.
Development
1900 Paris International Expo
At the 1900 Paris International Expo, Scandinavian design has attracted people's attention. At the same time, the Scandinavian design is also fiercely transformed from local isolation to facing international competition. Since the beginning of the 1920s, settlers and manufacturers were actively preparing for the 1925 Paris International Expo. In this fair, Swedish glass products have achieved great success, gain multi-gold medals, and entered the US market. But the most worth mentioning is Denmark's industrial design, the lighting fixture designed by Hanningsen (Poul Henningsen, 1894--1967) is well received at the fair, and is considered to be the same as the Expo and Cobsie. The "New Psychic Hall" comparable to the beautiful work and got the gold medal. This lighting is later developed into an extremely successful pH series luminaire, which is sold well. This type of lamp has a very high aesthetic quality, which is a scientific principle from lighting, not due to additional decoration, and thus uses very well, which is reflecting Scandinavian industrial design.
1930 Cionello Expo
In the late 1920s, the functionalism of Baohaus also affected Scandinavian countries. Among them, Sweden has the greatest impact, because Sweden relatively relatively developed. Some of the most fruitful and artistic ideas inspired by Baohaus reflected in the famous National Stockholm Expo in 1930, which marked the breakthrough of functionalism in Scandinavia. The exhibition was hosted by the Swedish Crafts Association, which became a modernist international advertisement, standardization, rationalization and practicality were applied to architecture and design, changing the convention of the previous international fair to show off and fumet. In this exhibition, Baohaus's design ideological drama is typically reflected in Scandinavian countries, revealing a revolutionary design philosophy, especially emphasizing residential buildings and decoration, reflecting for practical, health and flexibility Sexual attention. The exhibited furniture and daily necessities are very simple and light, and the world has exhibited Sweden's personalized modernism.The Stockholm Expo has caused responses in other Scandinavian countries, and new functionalism quickly spreads to various countries. During this process, extreme form of functionalism is not deep, steel tube metal furniture and strict geometric forms are only suitable for public buildings, various furniture and household products require a more soft and humanistic than functionalism. Design method, the so-called "soft" functionalism. Those designers who have been driven by the international trend, maintain innovative functionalism, and use a traditional material such as wood to mass production. At this stage, furniture clearly shows this new style: that is, a straight-line-based concise structural technology, visual and actual lightweight shape, and natural materials such as leather, wood, and informatism Practical principles.
Designed Book
"Enjoy Sunshine"
Scandinavian Idalegium Style This book introduces Scandinavian pastoral architecture External design, decoration, and distinctive detailed designs, show the essence and charm of Scandinavian national residential structure.
"White Night Nordic - Walking Scandinavian Design"
This book will be interpreted from the unique design, life, construction and history of Nordic. The charm is, which explains the Schisona Wei, which combines the humanism of Germany and the traditional Chinese articulation.
"Nordic Design Style and History"
This book is based on the informative, system historical materials, and the historical formation of Scandinavian design and the nation, society, Organic links between political, economic, cultural, and technologies. Through the combing of the tendency and diversification, the development of Scandinavian modern design development changes, explores and reveal its development model, providing academic value for the trend of contemporary design for international competition challenges. Reference and reference.
Discussion on
Scandinavia's design is from this place on the earth, half of the year is a dark winter night, and the rest Half time, it has been occupied by continuous white, which is the origin of Scandinavian design - Nordic. Superior social conditions and closer to natural living habits, making people more focused on life quality and quality details, so comfortable factors that are first considered when choosing items. This standard affects every detail in their lives, small to a spoon, big to a car.
Scandinavian design lay the foundation of functionalism, and played this idea in the future design practice and created perfect. They did not imitate and sink in this international style, but actively explore and reform, and finally achieved the Scandinavian design style of the world today. Scandinavia is both modernist supporters, and it is a reform of modernism. It conquered the world with unique Scandinavian designs and has been continuing and in-depth ideal. In the new century of information society, it continues to become one of the most important mainstream directions. Scandinavian design is based on elegant, natural, warm, and concise worldwide. After these design characteristics and the back of the, Scandinavian designers are designed from natural aesthetics and designed for life. Design principles and design essence. Its features are simple, practical, and modern design based on human engineering fine. When we mentioned Nordic, we have to mention Sweden, this country is less than 10,000 people, the "small country" in the eyes of this person has always had a proud history in modern industrial and handicraft design, since the 20th century. The appearance of the term "Swedish Elegant" in the late recent generation is now in the leading position of the world in design and art buildings. The love of nature and the pursuit of simple life are concentrated by the perfect interpretation of Swedes' design thinking. Their design is always full of surprises, which is almost all self-evident. They can make such a high design, a large extent because of Scandinavia's natural environment. The forest lake, the mountains of the mountains, the white snow, this extremely charm natural scenery has given birth to Scandinavians' extraordinary creativity.