Income Form
Resident's income is divided into pure income and gross revenue. Pure income is to refer to the profit after the cost and cost. Gross income refers to income without cost and cost. When the pure income is high, the income of the general residents is high, so the overall level of society is improved, the more advanced economy. When pure income is low, the income of residents is low, and the consumption is reduced, the more the economy is.
determines the basic form of the interest pattern, there are mainly three major elements. First, the rationality of the income distribution system; the second is fairness and justice of public policies; the three is the effectiveness of public power constraints. These three factors are determined a society as a benign interest pattern or a malignant interest pattern. Any variable changes in these three variables will have a profound impact on other factors.
Income classification
Wage income
The total salary is composed of six sections: timing salary; pieces of money; bonus; allowance and subsidies; overtime payment; Wages paid in special circumstances.
Transfer income
Transfer income refers to the various transfer payments of resident families and income transfer between resident families in national, units, and social groups. Including the government's retirement, unemployment benefits, compensation, etc. of personal income transfer; the unit's resignation of personal income transfer, insurance claim, housing provident fund, family room gifter and support.
Business revenue
Business revenue refers to the income of taxpayers through regular production and operation activities. That is, the income produced in daily activities such as sales of goods, providing labor, and asset utility, usually refers to cash inflow, and reduced negative weights in other assets.
Property income
Property income refers to income produced by elements such as capital, technology and management and social production and living activities.
is the income obtained by the home ownership (such as bank deposit, price securities) and real estate (such as houses, vehicles, collectors, etc.). Including interest, rent, patented income obtained by property use rights; bonus income, property value-added benefits obtained by property operations.
Income gap
industry gap
Resident income (8 photos)
May 29, 2012, the country The Bureau of Statistics announced the average wage in 2011. Among them, the annual employment of urban private units was 24,556 yuan, and the average annual wages of non-private units were 42,452 yuan, and private enterprise revenue was lower than non-private enterprises.Among them, the average amount of non-private unit financial industry is the highest, reaching more than 90,000 yuan, the lowest agricultural, forest, animal husbandry, and fisheries only 20,000 yuan annual income, the two differ more than 4 times. Among the private units, the average salary of information transmission, computer service and software industry is up to 35,562 yuan. The lowest public management and social organization have only 10,000 yuan annual income, and the ratio is 3.03: 1. If the average wage in the non-private unit financial industry is more than 8 times more gap compared to the public management and social organization of the private unit. In addition to the income gap between the industry, the income gap between the industry is also relatively large. A large-scale online portal website in Beijing, the new employee monthly salary of about 2,500 yuan, the senior year salary of 500,000 yuan, the income gap is 20 times. Zhongguancun some IT listed company, grassroots general employee monthly salary of 4,000 yuan, hundreds of thousands of annual salary to several million yuan, and the income gap can reach several times or even hundreds of times.
Regional differences
In the 2011 National Statistical Average Wages, in accordance with the eastern part of the eastern, central, western and northeast, urban non-private units in the employee of employees average From high to low alignment, it is the eastern, western, central and northeast, with 48,493 yuan, 37923 yuan, 36558 yuan and 36,000 yuan. The annual average annual salary of the urban private unit employment is from high to low, and the western, northeast and central, 2,6800 yuan, 22,313 yuan, 22020 yuan and 20677 yuan. According to the average unit of the whole society included in the non-private and private unit, the average salary of the four regions is ranked easily, western, northeast and central.
In 2011, the average salary growth rate of employees in the western parties is relatively high, higher than the national average, but still has a small gap with the highest east.
In October 2012, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Social Security Bureau, Beijing Statistics Bureau announced that the average wage of Beijing employees in 2011 was 5,6061 yuan, relatively high in the eastern region. The annual average salary of Zhejiang Province (including the whole society of private economic unit) is 3,5731 yuan, including the average annual payroll of the staff of the private economy to 4,660 yuan, the highest annual salary industry is a financial industry, reaching 130,000 yuan. The average wage of Shandong Province's employee in Shandong Province in the eastern region has a relatively low income of the eastern region of eastern region of 3,6737 yuan.
The average salary of Henan Province in 2011 (urban non-private unit) is 27,357 yuan, relatively low in the central region, of which the average salary of financial industry employees is 44,210 yuan, and the first column is first. The average salary of the in-house employee in the central government in the middle of the residential department is 40,640 yuan, the first two in the industry is the mining industry and the financial industry, with 66,172 yuan and 64288 yuan.
The average salary of the employee in the Northeast China in 2011 is 2,6535 yuan, and the financial industry is 41,879 yuan, ranking second. The annual average annual employee of Sichuan Province in the west is 31,489 yuan, the financial industry has the highest income, with an average annual salary of 65,873 yuan.
In the average salary of employees in various provinces, the average salary ratio between Beijing and Shandong in the eastern region is 1.526: 1, and the average salary of employees between Anhui and Henan in the central region The ratio is 1.485: 1.
People's income in the same industry in different regions also have different countries. The annual salary of the civil servants of the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee is less than 50,000 yuan, and the annual salary of the civil servant of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province is more than 2 million yuan.
February 15, 2016, 2016 People's Network's two sessions surveyed, and launched online investigations on the 18 hot issues of public concern. As of February 24, 63.17% of netizens participated in the survey were dissatisfied with their own income.
It is understood that on February 22, 2016, 28 provinces (districts) announced local 2015 resident income indicators. Among them, the income of urban residents in 21 provinces (districts) maintained an increase of 8% (including 8%), and the per capita income of rural residents in 16 provinces (districts) maintained 9% (including 9%). Speed, 12 province residents' income growth ran gain GDP, and the residents in Beijing and Shanghai were in the "8,000 US dollars" steps. The "13th Five-Year Plan" proposes, by 2020, urban and rural residents have done over 2010, the income gap is reduced, and the proportion of medium income population has risen. In the survey on how to income, more than 60% of netizens have chosen "former job requirements salary". Another 16.22% of netizens said that choosing investment financial management, and it is not a way of income. Use netizens who choose jobs, promotion, internal change, etc., the total of approximately two0% of the overall options. Compared with the same period 2015, it can be found that three three phenomenon that the choice of income gap is still too large, and the gap between ordinary employees and managers is too large and the regional gap is too large.
Case Analysis
The base difference is too large
Su Hainan, Vice President and Salary Professional Committee of China Labor Society, said that my country's industry wage is obviously far Being out of reasonable proportional range, industry wage can also have a gap, due to different composition of industry technology, capital, human resources, etc., labor productivity is different, the location of the industrial chain is different, so the wage level will of course There is a gap, but it should be maintained within a reasonable range, and the current situation is that the unreasonable gap in the industry income is increasingly expanded.
Li Zhi, Executive Dean, China Income Distribution, Beijing Normal University,
is more serious, such as the average salary of employees in the financial industry than urban wages Many highlights, the excessive growth of the salary of monopoly industry, more reflecting the rapid increase in monopoly profits and the transfer process of salary. Therefore, the income gap between non-private units and private units will continue to be large, but the advantages of large companies are not only obvious and remain strengthened, while the living environment of private unit is deteriorating.
The State Council is Ren Yuling pointed out that the gap between the income between regions is one of the highlighted issues in my country's economic operation. After the development of the development of the western region, the development of the Central and Western China has changed greatly. However, the gap between the Central and Western parts is not, but there is no shrinkage, but it has expanded. For example, the same example is that there are also a big gap between different towns and villages in a county, such as Dai Nan Town, Xinghua County, Jiangsu Province, and 42 times more financial revenue with Zhou Yizheng, the county.
Niki coefficient
The Niki coefficient is an important analysis indicator used to comprehensively investigate the difference between internal income distribution of residents. From 1978 to 1984, my country's Niki coefficient was stable in 0.16, and since 1984, the Niki coefficient rose all the way, and 2007 has reached 0.473. Generally, it is called "height equality", 0.2 to 0.4 called "inequality", 0.4 is considered as "warning line", 0.4 or more "height
inequality" 0.473 Description Inequality has been very prominent.
2011, the National Bureau of Statistics, China's comprehensive construction of a well-off society process statistical monitoring report (2011) "pointed out that" from the five monitoring indicators, the 2010 Bini coefficient is slightly 0.412 in 2000, The degree of implementation is 79.8%. "As for the slight high, there is no exact data in the report, but more than 0.4 is an indisputable fact. Ren Yuling told reporters that UN data had estimated the 2011 China Niki coefficient or breakthrough 0.5.
At the beginning of 2012, the National Bureau of Statistics Ma Jiantang responded to the issue of not publication of the Niki coefficient, said that the Niki coefficient of rural residents in 2011 was 0.3897. The Niki coefficient of Chinese urban residents did not release, the Niki coefficient of urban residents accounted for by urban resident investigation is low, mainly high-income residents are difficult to obtain real income information.
Excessive income gap and income distribution is not conducive to economic long-term development and social stability. In the past, my country's economic society can maintain relatively stable while income gaps, mainly with high-speed growth and low unemployment level. Although the income gap is expanded, the income of low-income people is growing, and the number of poverty is reduced. If the economic growth has fallen or the economic long-term recession, excessive income gaps and the impact of allocation of non-public social instability will be more prominent.
Allocation reform
Hu Jintao General Secretary mentioned that "To speed up the adjustment of national income structure", Wen Jiabao, also talked about China's economic development, "income distribution is not All are continuously expanding "," Although the central government has launched a series of policy policies to advance income distribution system reform, the phenomenon of income distribution is still existent, and the reform of income distribution has been imperative.
On October 17, 2012, Premier Wen Jiabao, the State Council, clear, and the overall reform of the income will be developed in the fourth quarter. The scheme will list the timetable and roadmap of income allocation reform, where the adjustment of the initial income distribution pattern is the top priority of future income allocation reform. According to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China announced in the morning of November 8, 2012, by 2020, the total domestic product and the per capita income of urban and rural residents were over 2010. This is the first time the CCP explicitly proposes the residential revenue multiplication target. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2010, the per capita disposable income of China's urban residents was 19109 yuan, and the per capita net income of rural residents was 5,919 yuan.
The 18th National Congress is proposed to ensure a comprehensive construction of a well-off society in an all-round way. According to the reality of China's economic and social development, we must strive to achieve new requirements on the basis of the full construction of a well-off society in a comprehensive construction of the 16th National Congress and 17th National Congress. "New Requirements" include residential revenue multiplication targets.
On October 18, 2017, Xi Jinping said in 19th, insisting on economic growth, and realizing labor remuneration synchronization while labor productivity increased. Broaden the residents' labor income and property income channels.