Historyofdevelopment
Theinventionanddevelopmentoftheprintingpressplayanimportantroleinthespreadofhumancivilizationandculture.
In1439,Gutenberg,Germany,producedawoodenletterpressprintingmachine.Althoughthisverticalspiralhand-panelprintingmachinehasasimplestructure,ithasbeenusedfor300years;in1812,theGermanKoenigmadethefirstcircularflatletterpressprintingpress;HoyintheUnitedStatesinventedtherotaryprintingpressin1847;in1900,thesix-colorrotaryprintingpresswasmade;in1904,RubelintheUnitedStatesinventedtheoffsetprintingpress.
Beforethe1950s,thetraditionalletterpressprintingprocessoccupiedadominantpositionintheprintingindustry,andthedevelopmentofprintingpresseswasalsodominatedbyletterpressprintingmachines.However,theleadalloyreliefprintingprocesshasthedisadvantagesofhighlaborintensity,longproductioncycleandenvironmentalpollution.Beginninginthe1960s,offsetoffsetprintingprocesseswithshortcycletimesandhighproductivitybegantoriseanddevelop,andleadalloyreliefprintingwasgraduallyreplacedbyoffsetoffsetprinting.Softreliefprinting,stencilprinting,electrostaticprinting,inkjetprinting,etc.,havealsodevelopedinpackagingprintingandadvertisingprinting.
Theprintingmachineryoftheworldhasmadegreatprogresssincethe1980s.Formorethan20years,thedevelopmentofprintingmachineryhasgonethroughthreestages:
Thefirststageisfromtheearly1980stotheearly1990s.Thisstageistheheydayofthedevelopmentofoffsetprintingtechnology.ThisperiodThemaximumprintingspeedofthesheet-fedoffsetpressis10,000prints/hour.Thepre-adjustmentpreparationtimeforafour-colorprintingmachinebeforeprintingisgenerallyabout2hours.Theautomaticcontroloftheprintingpressmainlyfocusesontheaspectsofautomaticpaper-bearing,automaticpaperdelivery,automaticcleaning,automaticdetectionofinkcolor,automaticadjustmentofinkvolume,andremotecontrolofregister.Inadditiontosingle-colorandtwo-colorpressesduringthisperiod,almosteverysingle-fedoffsetpressmanufactureralsohadthemanufacturingcapacityoffour-colorpresses,andmostmanufacturerswereabletomanufacturepaperturningmechanismsfordouble-sidedprinting.
Thesecondstageisfromtheearly1990stotheendofthe20thcentury.Inthe1990s,withthesheet-fedoffsetprintingpressasthesymbol,thedesignandmanufacturinglevelofprintingmachineryintheworldhastakenabigstepforward.Comparedwiththemodelsinthefirststage,thespeedofthenewgenerationmodelshasbeenfurtherimproved,from10,000prints/hourto15,000prints/hour,andthepre-pressadjustmenttimehasalsobeengreatlyshortenedfromabout2hoursinthefirststageto15minutes.about.Theautomationlevelandproductionefficiencyofthemachinehavealsobeengreatlyimproved.
Sincethebeginningofthe21stcentury,printingmachineryhasusheredinthethirdstageofdevelopment.Somemodelsofsheet-fedoffsetprintingpressescanreach17,000-18,000prints/hour,butmanufacturersdonotstrivetoincreasethemaximumprintingspeedoftheprintingpress,butthroughtheapplicationofinformationtechnologytofurthershortenthepre-presspreparationtimeandreplacementThetimeofthejobseekshigherproductionefficiency.
Inthefieldofprintingmachineryautomation,networking,productionintegration,digitalworkflow,andmanagementinformationsystem(MIS)linksandothertechnologieshavebecomethefocusofdevelopment.Heidelberg'sCP2000automaticcontrolsysteminadditiontotheentiremachinefrompaperfeeding,paperfeedingandguiding,inking,waterfeeding,platechange,register,cleaning,drying,coating,powdersprayingandpaperdelivery,etc.Inadditiontopre-setting,adjustmentandfaultdiagnosisoftheworklink,italsohasthefunctionsofrealizingthenetworkingofallproductionprocessesoftheprintingenterpriseandonlinetransmissionofprepressimageprocessingdata(CIP3/PPForCIP4/JDFdata).Inthenewcentury,mostoffsetprintingpressmanufacturershavedevelopedcorrespondingDIdigitalprintingpresses.
Inaddition,inordertomeetpeople'sdemandforhigh-endcolorprints,8-colororeven10-colormulti-colordouble-sidedprintingandadditionalin-linepost-pressprocessingfunctionshavebecomevarioussheet-fedoffsetpresses(Includingthedevelopmenttrendofsmalloffsetpresses,DIdirectplatemakingmachinesandlargeoffsetpresses),andthetechnologyisbecomingmoreandmoremature,thistypeofprintingpresshasbeguntosqueezeoutapartofthemarketthatwasoriginallyawebprintingpress.
Classification
1.Classificationbyprintingplateform
Dividedintoletterpress,offset,intaglioandstencilprintingpresses;installationversionAndembossingstructureisdividedintoflatpress,roundpressandroundpress.
(1)Reliefprintingmachine
Reliefprintingmachine:reliefprinting.Amachinethatusesletterpresstocompletetheprintingprocess.Suchasbusinesscardmachine(resinplate),typeprinting,zincletterpress,setofnumbers,etc.
(2)Lithographicprintingmachine
Lithographicprintingmachine:planographicpress.Amachinethatuseslithographytocompletetheprintingprocess.Suchasmulti-colormachine,four-colormachine,two-colormachine,singlecolormachine,fastprintingmachine,etc.
(3)Intaglioprintingmachine
Intaglioprintingpress.Amachinethatusesgravuretocompletetheprintingprocess.Suchasglassbagprintingofinstantnoodles,aluminumfoilbagpackagingofbiscuits,etc.
(4)Screenprintingmachine
Screenprintingmachine:screen-processprintingpressThemachinethatusesthescreentocompletetheprintingprocess.Perforatedprinting:suchasscreenprinting,circuitboardprinting,clothprinting,canprinting,inscriptionprinting,partialglazing,etc.
2.Classifiedbyprintingpaper
(1)Sheet-fedprintingmachine
Sheet-fedprintingmachine:sheet-fedprintingpressUsingasingle-sheetprintingpress.
(2)Webprintingmachine
Webprintingmachine:roll-fedprintingpressPrintingmachineusingrollpaper.
3.Classifiedbyprintingmethod
(1)Flat-bedprintingmachine
Flat-bedprintingmachine:platenpressTheprintingplatesupportbodyandtheimprintingbodyarebothflatprintingmachines
(2)Roundflatprintingmachine
Roundflatprintingmachine(flat-bedprintingmachine):flat-bedCylinderpressTheprintingplatesupportisflat,andtheimprintingbodyisacylindricalprintingpress.
(3)Stoptherotaryprintingmachine
Stoptherotaryprintingmachine:stop-cylinderpressTheprintingplatecooperatestoreciprocate,whenadvancing,theimpressioncylinderrotatesonecircle,whenreturning,impressingThecylinderstopsrotatingandcompletestheprintingprocessofaprintingpress.
(4)One-revolutionprintingmachine
One-revolutionprintingpress:single-revolutionprintingpressEachreciprocatingmovementoftheprintingplatetable,theimpressioncylindermakesonerevolutiontocompleteaprintingprocess.Printingmachine.
(5)Two-revolutionprintingmachine
Two-revolutionprintingpressTheprintingmachinethatcompletesaprintingprocesseverytimetheprintingplatemovesbackandforth.
(6)Reciprocatingprintingmachine
Reversingprintingpress:reversibleprintingpressAprintingpressthatcompletesaprintingprocesseverytimetheimpressioncylinderrotatesbackandforth.
(7)Rotaryprintingpress
Rotaryprintingpress:Theprintingplatesupportbodyandthetransferbodyarebothcylindrical.WhentheprintingprocessiscompletedAprintingpressthatisfullyrotating.
4.Classificationbyprintinginkcolor
(1)Monochromeprintingmachine
Monochromeprintingmachine:single-colourprintingpressInaprintingprocess,aprintingpressthatprintsoneinkcolorononesideofthepaper.
(2)Two-colorprintingmachine
Two-colourprintingpress:two-colourprintingpressAprintingpressthatprintstwoinkcolorsononesideofthepaperduringaprintingprocess.
(3)Multi-colorprintingmachine
Multi-colourprintingpress:multi-colourprintingpressAprintingpressthatprintstwoormoreinkcolorsononesideofthepaperduringaprintingprocess.
(4)Double-sidedmonochromeprintingmachine
Double-sidedmonochromeprintingmachine:perfectingpressAprintingmachinethatprintsonbothsidesofthepaperduringtheprintingprocess.
(5)Double-sidedmulti-colorprintingmachine
Double-sidedmulti-colorprintingmachine:multi-colourperfectingpressInaprintingprocess,atleastonesideofthepaperisprintedwithtwoormoreinkcolorsDouble-sidedprintingmachine.
Workingprinciple
1,ScreenprintingmachineWorkingprinciple
Takethecommonlyusedhand-shapedflatscreenprintingmachineasanexample,theworkingprincipleofthescreenprintingmachinecanbedescribedasfollows:thepoweristransmittedthroughthetransmissionmechanism,sothatthesqueegeesqueezestheinkandthescreenprintingplateinmotion,sothatThescreenprintingplateandthesubstrateformanimpressionline.BecausethescreenhastensionsN1andN2,itgeneratesaforceF2onthesqueegee,andtheresiliencemakesthescreenprintingplatenotcontactthesubstrateexcepttheimpressionline.UndertheactionofthesqueezeforceF1ofthesqueegee,theinkpassesthroughthemeshandleaksfromthemovingimpressionlineontothesubstrate.
Duringtheprintingprocess,thescreenprintingplateandthesqueegeemoverelativetoeachother,andthesqueezingforceF1andtheresilienceF2alsomovesynchronously.Thesubstrateisoutofcontacttoavoidsmearingtheprint.Thatis,thescreenisconstantlydeformedandreboundedduringtheprintingprocess.
Aftertheone-wayprintingiscompleted,thesqueegeeisseparatedfromthesubstratetogetherwiththescreenprintingplate,andatthesametime,itreturnsinktocompleteaprintingcycle.Thedistancebetweentheuppersurfaceofthesubstrateandthereversesideofthescreenprintingplateaftertheinkisreturnediscalledthesame-pagedistanceorscreendistance,whichshouldgenerallybe2to5mm.Inmanualprinting,thetechniqueandproficiencyoftheoperatordirectlyaffectstheformationoftheimpressionline.Inpractice,screenprintingworkershaveaccumulatedalotofvaluableexperience,whichcanbesummarizedintosixpoints,namely,toensurethestraightness,uniformity,isometric,equalizing,centeringandverticaledgeinthemovementofthesqueegee.Inotherwords,whenprinting,thesqueegeeshouldmoveinastraightlinewithoutshakingfromsidetoside;itcannotbeslowinthefrontandfastintheback,slowinthefrontandslowinthebackorsuddenlyslowandfast;theinclinationangletotheinkboardshouldremainthesame,andspecialattentionshouldbepaidtoovercometheinclinationangleThecommonproblemofincreasinggradually;theprintingpressureshouldbekeptevenandconsistent;thedistancebetweenthesqueegeeandtheinnersidesofthescreenframeshouldbeequal;theinkplateshouldbeperpendiculartotheframe.
2.Workingprincipleofflat-screencurvedscreenprintingmachine
Flat-screencurvedscreenprintingreferstotheuseofflatscreensoncylindricalorconicalsurfaces.Thenetisscreenprinted.Undercertainconditions,itcanalsoscreenprintellipse,drum,arcandothercurvedsurfaces.Thedry-netcurvedscreenprintingmachineisamachinethatusesaflatscreentoprinttheabove-mentionedcurvedsurface.
Theworkingprincipleoftheflatsurfacescreenprintingmachine:a-rollersupportb-shaftmeetingsupportc-inlaidsupport.Duringprinting,theflatscreenprintingplateandthesubstratemove,whilethesqueegeeisstationary.Theflatscreenprintingplateisclampedonthescreenframeandmovedbytheflatscreencurvedscreenprintingmachinetomoveataconstantspeed,andthesubstrateplacedonthesupportingdevicerotatesduetothefrictionofthescreen.Thelinearspeedofthecurvedsubstrateattheimpressionlineisthesameasthemovingspeedoftheflatscreenprintingplatetoachievescrapingprinting.
Theoretically,theembossinglineshouldbeatthehighestgeneratrixofthecurvedsubstratetoincreasetheoff-screenangleandensuretheprintingquality.Inordertofacilitateadjustment,thesqueegeegenerallyadoptsatopangleof60°±15°,anditisrequiredtobeabletoadjusttheverticalityandtheupperandlowerdimensions.Theadjustmenttoverticalistoensurethatthecuttingedgelinedoesnotshifthorizontallywhenadjustingupanddown,andisalwaysalignedwiththehighestbusbarA;thesqueegeewithatopangleof60°±15°isusedtoensurethatthesqueegeeinclinationisformedafterverticalinstallationα.Intheactualadjustment,inordertoensurethattheflatscreenprintingplateisseparatedfromthecurvedsubstrateintime,theimpressionlinecanbeslightlyadvanced,especiallywhenthediameterofthesubstrateislarge,theimpressionlinemustbeoffsetforward.ThesupportdeviceforcurvedprintingisVarioustypesofspecialdevicesaredesignedandmanufacturedbyusersaccordingtoproductrequirements.
Thecurvedsurfaceprintingofcylindricalorconicalcontainerscanusetwopairsofrollerbearings.Thelengthtodiameterratioislessthan1.5forcoverandcupbearingsleeves,softandhollow.Thecontainercanbesupportedbyaninflatabledevice.Theellipseisapproximatelyapartofacylindricalsurface,whichcanbesupportedbyacylindricalinlaymethod.
Theprincipleofprintingonthesurfaceofaconeisbasicallythesameasthatofprintingonthesurfaceofacylinder.Thedifferenceisthegraphicshapeofthescreenprintingplateandthemovementformofthescreenprintingplate.Whenmakingascreenprintingplateforprintingonthesurfaceofacone,firstdrawanexpandedviewoftheconesurface,andfindthecenterofthesectorbasedontheexpandedview,andthenselectanappropriatescreenframetomakethescreenprintingplate.
Ontheplateefghthatcancompletelycontainthefan-shapedabed,makeaprintingplatethatmatchesthefan-shaped.Fixtheright-anglerodontheplateefgh,andinstallitwithoastheaxistoformaplatethatcanberotatedinafanshape.Then,likeprintingonthesurfaceofacylinder,4rollersareusedtosupportthesubstrateundertheplate,thesqueegeeisinafixedshape,andtheplateframeismovedinafanshape,andthesqueegeeispressurizedtoprintonthesurfaceoftheconicalplate.Duringprinting,theconicalbearingisinlinecontactwiththescreenprintingplateunderacertainsqueegeepressure;whenthescreenprintingplatemovesinahorizontalfanshapearoundtheaxisofthefan-shapedunfoldingdrawing,thesubstraterotatessynchronouslyonthesupportingdeviceMovement;theinkissqueezedbythesqueegeeandleakstothesurfaceofthesubstratetocompletetheprinting.
3,Printingmachineprocess:
(1)Workcycleprocedureofflatscreenflatscreenprintingmachine.Taketheflatscreenplatformtypemonochromesemi-automatichand-surfacescreenprintingmachineasanexample.Oneofitsworkingcyclesis:feeding→positioning→settingdown→loweringtotheinkplate,raisingbacktotheinkplate→squeegeestroke→raisingtotheinkPlate→lowertheinkreturnplate→lifttheplate→inkreturnstroke→releasepositioning→receive.
Inthecontinuousloopaction,aslongasthefunctioncanberealized,thetimeoccupiedbyeachactionshouldbeasshortaspossibletoshortenthecycleofeachworkcycleandimproveworkefficiency.
(2)Embossingline.Intheprintingprocess,theinkandthescreenprintingplatearesqueezedtotheinkplate,sothatthescreenprintingplateandthesubstrateformacontactline,whichiscalledtheimpressionline.Thislineisattheedgeofthesqueegee,andcountlessembossinglinesformtheprintingsurface.Realizingtheidealimpressionlineisverydifficult,becausetheprintingstrokeisadynamicprocess.
Precautions
1.Ensurethattheleaderisresponsibleforsupervisingthesafetyoftheequipmentandcrewoperators.
2.Beforetheoperation,theoperatormustwearuniforms,workhats,andworkshoesneatly,fastentheplacketandcuffs,anddonotputanysundriesinthepockets,anddonotwearwatchesandvariousaccessories.
3.Beforestartingthemachine,addtherequiredlubricatingoil(grease)toeachoilfillingpoint,lubricationpointandoiltankofthemachine.
4.Withoutapproval,non-crewpersonnelarenotallowedtostartandoperatethemachinewithoutauthorization.Assistantsandapprenticesshouldworkundertheguidanceofthepilot.
5.Beforestartingthemachine,checkwhethertherearesundriesinvariouspartsofthefuselage.Youmustfirstgiveasignal(pressthesafetybell),echobackandforth,andmakesurethatthemachineissafebeforeitcanbeturnedon.
6.Beforethemachineisrunning,countbackwardforafewweeks,andthencountforafewweekstoavoiddebrisbetweentherollersanddamagetheblanket,printingplate,etc.
7.Whenthemachineisrunning,itisstrictlyforbiddentotouchthemovingworkingsurfacewithyourhands,repairandwipethemachine,orcrosstherotatingpart,andkeepthemachineprotectiondevicecomplete.
8.Thecrewshouldstrictlyguardtheirpostsaccordingtothedivisionoflabor,alwayspayattentiontotheoperationofeachpartofthemachine,andimmediatelyshutdownthemachineifanyproblemsarefound.
9.Theworksiteshouldbekeptcleanandunobstructed,theground.Thereisnodebrisaroundtheworkbenchandthemachine,andthemaintenancetoolsandsparepartsshouldbeplacedinthespecifiedlocation.
10.Duringwork,nooneisallowedtolaugh,fight,ormakeloudnoisesaroundthemachine.Pleaseletchildrenapproachthemachineinahurry.
11.Attheendofthework,cleanthemachine,protecttheprintingplate,wipecleantheblanket,impressioncylinderandroller,turnoffthepower,andfillintheworklog.
12.Regularmaintenanceandrepairofthemachine,andfillinginthemaintenanceandrepairrecorddatacanextendtheservicelifeofthemachine,improveproductionqualityandsafeproduction.
13.Operationisprohibitedbynon-staff.
Troubleshooting
Intheprocessofusingtheprintingmachine,variousproblemsoftenoccur,suchasmechanicaldamageandfrequentelectricalfailures.Somepeoplesaythatthemachineistooold.Althoughtheoldmachineisanobjectivereason,doesthenewmachinenotfail?Insomeprintingfactories,newmachineshavemorefailuresthanoldmachines.Objectivelyspeaking,theusageandfailurerateofthemachineincludethefollowingfactors:themanufacturingqualityofthemachine,installationandcommissioning,maintenance,reasonableoperation,andmostimportantly,thequalityofmaintenance.Thequalityofthemachineobjectivelyexistswhenitleavesthefactory.Whetheritisanewmachineoranoldmachine,installationanddebuggingarethefirsthurdles.
Generally,newmachinesareinstalledanddebuggedwhentheyleavethefactory,afterqualityinspection,andthentransportedinseparatepackaging.Itisnotonlyaproblemoflevelandreasonableinstallation,butalsoaproblemofinspectionandcalibration.Thisshouldbethecaseforoldmachines.Asformaintenanceanduse,Iwon’tsaymuch.Ijustwanttotalkaboutthequalityofmaintenance:
Maintenanceisnotasimpledisassemblyandassembly.Itisnotonlynecessarytofindthecauseofthefailure,butalsotofindoutthereason.Incidentalotherquestions.
Theprintingmachinehasastricttimecoordinationrelationship,aswellasassemblytolerancesandadjustmentvalues.Busydisassemblyandexcessiveadjustmentarethemainreasonsforacceleratedwearandrecurrenceofthemachine.
Theprocurementandprocessingqualityofpartsandaccessoriesdoesnotnecessarilyrequiretheuseoforiginalpartsforallpartsandelectricalcomponents.Thecostoforiginalpartsishighandtheprocurementcycleislong.Unlessspecialorcriticalparts,mostofotherpartsBothpartsandelectricalcomponentscanbesubstituted,aslongasyouunderstandtheprocessingtechnologyofthepartsandthecharacteristicsofthecomponents.
Inadditiontothenaturaldamageofthemachine,thecircuitfaultismainlythehiddenfaultderivedfromthecarelessdisassemblyandinstallationorthefailuretofindthemachineandhumanfactorsthatcausedthecircuitfault.
Troubleshootingofsinkfluid
Exploringcommonproblemsofprintingpresssinkfluid—Theconcentrationoftheappropriatesinkfluidisbasedontheconductivityvalue.WhentheconductivityistoohighTheinkwillnotbeeasytodrywhenitistoolow,anditwillbeeasytostainoraccumulateink.Soyoumusttrytofindtheappropriateconductivityvalue.Afterfindingtheconcentrationvalue,multiplythetotaltankvolumebythepercentagetobethefirstaddition.Inaddition,whentheconductivityvaluechangesmorethan±50~100,youneedtomakecorrectionsbeforeyoucancontinuetouseit.Atthesametime,youneedtopayattentiontothetemperatureinthewatertank,becausethetemperaturewillaffectthemeasuredvalueoftheconductivity.
Itisgenerallyrecommendedthattheidealprintingwaterconditionsare:
(1)Thewaterqualityneedstobesoftwater;
(2)Theconductivityvalueis700~1300(mustbedeductedWaterconductivityvalue);
(3)PHvalue4.0~5.5;
(4)Watertanktemperature5℃~15℃;
(5)Thedegreeofemulsificationisbelow35%;
(6)TheproportionofalcoholIPAis5%~15%;
(7)Theproportionofwatertankliquidconcentrationis1.5%~2.5%.
Thefollowingaretheactualtestresultsofthecenterintheprintinglaboratory:
Sinkfluid:Magic150
Conductivitymeter:DeltaOHMConductivityMeterModel:HD8706
PHmeter:HANNAPHMeterModel:HI8521
Accordingtotheaboveexample,thetotalwatertankoftheprintingmachineinthecentralprintinglaboratoryis80,000cc*2%=1,600ccwatertankLiquid,theconductivityvalueismaintainedat1,000(1,095-92.5)±100,andthepHvalueisabout5.0.Inaddition,wefoundthatthepHvaluedoesnotchangesignificantlyaftertheconcentrationofthetanksolutionis3%,soitisnoteasytodetectwhethertheamountisappropriate,andsomeEuropeantanksolutionshavemorebuffersadded,andtheirfunctionistomaintainthestabilityofthetanksolution.TheacidityandthereductionofthecorrosionofthelayoutwillcauseproblemswhenusingthepHvaluetomeasuretheconcentrationofthebathsolution.
Maintenance
Theprintingpressisoneofthemostutilizedequipmentamongallequipmentintheprintingplant.Toensurethenormaloperationoftheprintingpress,dailymaintenanceandmaintenanceareindispensableandverynecessary.Let'sbrieflytalkaboutthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceofthemachinefromthefollowingaspects.
Staticmaintenance
Staticmaintenanceoftheprintingmachinereferstothemaintenanceofthemachinewhenthemachineisinastaticstate.
1.Establishrulesandregulationsformachinemaintenance.Offsetprintingmachinemaintenanceshouldbebasedonthemachine'sinstructions.Suchasregularoilchange,filtercleaning,regularinspectionofmachineaccuracy,etc.
2.Strengthenthemaintenanceofimportantparts.Gears,cams,sprockets,rollers,andbearingsarethemostimportantpartsoftheprintingpress.Theirmaintenanceshouldbedifferentfromotherparts,becausechangesintheiraccuracywillaffectthefinal.Springsarethemostcommonlyusedpartsforforcebalancingmechanismsonmachines.Theirworkingqualitydirectlydeterminestheaccuracyofthematchingofmovingparts.Thespringsmustbesensitiveandelastic,andtheaeroelasticityandirreversibleplasticdeformationarecriticaltotheworkofthesprings.Extremelyunfavorable.Iftheaboveproblemsarefound,thespringneedstobereplacedimmediately.Thehazardsofsolventresiduesintheprintingprocess
3.Carryouttechnicalreformsandstrengthenmachinemaintenance.Machinemaintenancerequirestheconvenienceofmachinemaintenanceinthedesignofthemachine.However,duetothecomplexityoftheprintingpress,itisobviouslyimpossibletotakeeveryfactorintoaccount,andthecontentofmachinemaintenancewillalsochangeastheenvironmentchanges.Therefore,thosestructuresthatarenotconducivetomachinemaintenanceshouldbeimprovedwithoutaffectingnormalwork.
Dynamicmaintenance
Dynamicmaintenanceoftheprintingpressreferstothemaintenanceofthemachinewhentheprintingpressisinadynamicstate.Staticmachinemaintenanceistheprerequisiteformachinedynamicmaintenance,andthedynamicoperationofthemachinecaninturndetectthelevelofmachinestaticmaintenance.Thedynamicmaintenanceofthemachineisveryimportant.Themaincontentthatshouldbemaintainedunderthemachinedynamicsisanalyzedfromseveralaspectsbelow.
1.Machinepreparationstatusdetection.Thepreparationstatusofthemachinecanbedetectedbyjogorcranking.Iftoolsandotheritemsarestuckinthemachine;whethertheprintingplateisinstalledproperly,ifitisnotsuitable,itmaydamagetheprintingplateormakeitdifficulttofindtherules;whethertheblanketisinstalledproperly,ifitisnotsuitable,itmaybepossibleCauseprintingfailure,ordamagethemachineinseverecases.
2.Thelubricationstatusofthemachine.Firstofall,youcanobservewhethertheoilcircuitofthemachineisunblockedthroughtheoilstandard.Ifthereisnooilintheoilstandardortheoilstandardisnotclearlyobserved,youshouldstopemergencyandcarefullycheckwhetherthereisoilleakageintheoilcircuit.Althoughtheoilleakageofthemachineiseasytoobserve,itisdifficulttofindthecause.Formachinesusingslidingbearings,lowspeedisnotconducivetoitslubrication,especiallyjogorlow-speedoperationhasagreaterimpactonitslubrication.Therefore,beforecarryingoutsuchoperations,itisbesttorunthemachineidlingandlubricate.Thisisalsoaprimarytaskthatshouldbedonebeforegoingtoworkeveryday.Theoilpumpofsomemachinesisdrivenbythemainengine,sowhenitisreversed,theoilcircuitwillnotonlyfailtorefuel,butwillsucktheoilfromtheoilcircuitbacktothetank.Thisisverydangerous,sothereverseshouldbeavoided.Thelubricationofsomeimportantpartscanalsobedetectedbythetemperatureofthemetalnearby.Ifthetemperatureistoohigh,itindicatesthatthereisaproblemwiththelubrication.Commonfaultsandtroubleshootingmethodsofgravuregoldandsilverinks
3.Impactduringmachineoperation.Thesmallertheimpactduringtheoperationofthemachine,thebetteritisforprinting,anditalsoprolongstheservicelifeofthemachine.Reducingtheprintingpressure(pressureinabroadsense)isanimportantconditiontoensurethesmoothoperationofthemachine.Underthepremiseofensuringthequalityofprinting,thesmallertheprintingpressure,thebetter.Reducingthespeedofthemachineisanotherimportantconditionforreducingthemomentofinertiaofthemachine.Thelowerthespeedofthemachine,thesmallerthemomentofinertia.Therefore,themachineshouldnotalwaysberunningathighspeed.
Theaboveaspectsareonlypartofthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceoftheprintingpress.Thequalityofthedailymaintenanceandmaintenanceoftheprintingpressdirectlyaffectstheservicelifeandproductqualityoftheprintingpress,soitcannotbetakenlightly.
Newconceptofmaintenance
Thedevelopmentoftheprintingindustryhasgraduallychangedfromrelativelysimpleletterpressprintingtothecommonlyusedoffsetprintingandtheincreasinglyrobustdigitalprintingmode.Thebeliefbehindthisdevelopmentmodelisofcoursebasedonmanufacturers’demandsforcontinuousimprovementofproductionefficiencyandenhancementofproductcompetitivenessandqualityinthemarket.
Therefore,printingandotherprocessingmachineryandequipmentofvariouspracticalmanufacturers'productionindicatorsareconstantlyemerginginthemarketatarapidpace,cooperatingwithandexceedingtheexpectationsofmanufacturers.However,whentheseadvancedmachineryaremovingtowardsproductiongoalsdayandnight,manyoperationalrelated"smallproblems"willalsoarise,suchasmaintenance.
Monochromescreenprintingmachine(2sheets)
Whenthemachineisdamaged,themanufacturergenerallythinksthatitiscausedbynormaloperationandwear.However,today'smachineryismadeofhigh-qualityalloysteelandshouldbeabletobeusedforalongtime.Later,afterthemanufacturerspaidhugemaintenancefeesandthepainfullessonsofdelayingproduction,theygraduallybegantodiscovertheimportantroleplayedbythemaintenancematerialteaminmaintainingthenormaloperationoftheprintingmachinery.Amongthemanymaintenancematerials,lubricantsandtheirRelatedchemicalproductsarerelativelyneglected.Probablybecauseofthecorrectselectionofthesematerials,itwillnotcauseimmediatebadeffectsonthefinishedproductsproducedbythemanufacturer.Mechanicalequipmentisoftenusedforalongperiodoftimebeforeitisdiscoveredthatthereisaproblem.1,Supplierswhoprovidemaintenancematerials,makesure:
1.Itsproductscanreducethenumberofmechanicaldamagesandprolongtheservicelifeofthemachinery;
2.Provideamulti-functionaldesignproductline,inadditiontoadaptingtomoremechanicalrequirements,itcanalsoreduceunnecessaryexcessinventoryofcustomers;
3.TeachcustomersAvoidincorrectuseofmaintenancematerials;
4.Letcustomerssimplifypurchasingprocedures,therebystreamliningmanagementproceduresandsavingvaluablehumanresources;
5.MaintainsufficientproductinventoryfrequentlytosaveManufacturerstaketimewhenorderinggoodsandavoidtheriskofdowntimecausedbycasuallyusinggeneral"temporarysubstitutes";
6.Providealong-termandstablenetworkthroughareputablesuppliernetworkSupplychannelstomeettheneedsofcustomersfromallovertheworldforhigh-qualityproductsandservices.
2,Maintenancematerialsforprintingpressesandrelatedequipmentinclude:
1.Lubricatingoil-suchassnowoil,Chaintoothoil,pressuregearboxoil,etc.
2.Cleaner—suchaspostcleaner,inkrollercleaner,oilpipeandoillinecleaner,etc.
3.Anti-rustagent—usedtopreventrustandlubricatethetableandcutterofthepapercutter.
3,Characteristicsandusesofgrease
Inthisissue,Iwillintroduce"grease"(snowoil).Thetypeofgreasecanberoughlyclassifiedaccordingtoitshardness,pressurefeedability,drippingpoint,waterresistanceandstability.
3.1Hardness
Hardness,orpenetration,isameasurablecharacteristicthatmustbeconsideredwhenselectinganappropriategrease.Thehardnessofthegreaseisdeterminedbythenumber.No.0isthesoftest,andthenincreasestoNo.6alongwithNo.1andNo.2.ThehardnessofNo.6isthesameasthatofsoapbars.Themudinthegardeniseasiertoshovelandharder,andthehardnessofthegreaseisthesame.Itisgradedaccordingtothepenetrationdepthofthegreasedroppedfromacertainheightbytheconegauge.Printingmachinerymustbeaddedwithlubricatinggreaseofappropriatehardnessinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheprintingpressmanufacturer,otherwiseitmaycauseinsufficientlubricationorincreasedresistancetothemachineparts.
3.2Pressurefeedability
Anotherfeatureofgreaseisthedifficultyofpressuredelivery;inthecentralgreasesupplysystem,twotypesareequallyeasytopressuredeliveryatroomtemperature.Lubricatinggreasesoftenhaveverydifferentpressure-feedingpropertiesinlowertemperatureenvironments.
Thedifferencecomesfromthedifferenttypesandproportionsoflubricatingoilandsoapcontainedinthegrease.Someprintingmachineryandbindingequipmentuseacentralgreasesupplysystemtolubricateeachcomponentofthemachinery.Therefore,itisextremelyimportanttochooseagreasewithexcellentpressurefeedability.
3.3Droppingpoint
Becausethegreasecontainsdifferentsoapbaserelationships,differentgreaseswillmeltatdifferenttemperatures.Thedrippingpointisthetemperatureatwhichthegreasechangesfromsemi-solidtoliquid;mostcalciumsoapgreasemeltsat160-210°F,sodiumsoapgreaseis350-350°F,lithiumsoapgreaseis350-400°F,soathightemperaturesItisbettertousesodiumsoaporlithiumsoap.Nowadays,thespeedofmostprintingmachineryisquitehigh.Becausethebearingspeedinthemotorishigher,thebearingtemperaturealsoincreasesaccordingly.Choosingagreasewithahigherdroppointcanmakehigh-speedmotorbearingssuchas"carbonpumps"."Bearings,etc.havebetterprotection.
3.4Waterresistance
Regardlessofwhetheritisincontactwithwaterornot,somegreasesstillneedtoperformtheirlubricatingeffect,soitswaterresistanceisanimportantproperty.Calciumsoapandlithiumsoap-basedgreaseareinsolubleinwater,whilesodiumsoapgreaseissolubleinwater,soitcannotbeusedasalubricantthatmaycomeintocontactwithwater.Theprintingprocessneedstomixwater,sosomebearingsmustbeprotectedbygreasewithgoodwaterresistance,otherwise,theservicelifeofthebearingwillbegreatlyreduced.
3.5Stability
Somegreasescanstillmaintaintheiroriginalhardnessafterbeingaddedtothebearing,whichmeansthatthestabilityisveryhigh;thiskindofgreasecanbeusedinanti-wearbearings.Itwillsoftenafterworkingforaperiodoftime,andwillflowoutofthebearingwithoutagoodseal.Duringtheprintingprocess,thepowdersprayingiscontinuousandhasgreatcoverage.Ifthestabilityofthegreaseusedispoor,itwillcausepollutantstoeasilyenterthebearingsandvariouscomponents,causinggreatdamagetotheprintingmachine.
Traditionally,thedesignandproductionofgreasehasonlyfocusedoncopingwiththeunityproblemfacedbymechanicalequipment.Suchashightemperature,highspeed,highpressureoranti-wear,etc.Sincethen,duetotherequirementsofmachinerymanufacturersandtheintensifiedmarketcompetition,theproductionofgreasegraduallytendstomoveinamulti-functionaldirection.However,ordinarypetroleumproductsalwayshavetheirlimitsinuse,andtheyhavenotbeenabletoeffectivelymeettherapiddevelopmentrequirementsofmodernproductionequipment.Althoughchoosingtherightlubricantisnoteasy,therearealsosomeprofessionallubricantsuppliersinthemarketthatcanprovideprofessionaldataandlong-termafter-salesservicetoreducecustomererrorsinuseandavoidwastingprecioustimeandmoney.Youmaywishtolistentotheopinionsoftheindustry,Ibelieveitwillhelpprotectthegoodperformanceoftheprintingpress.
Developmentprospects
1.Developmentstatus
AccordingtostatisticsfromtheEuropeanFederationofPrintingandPaperProcessingMachineryManufacturersAssociation(EUMAPRINT),duetotheinfluenceoftheworldeconomyAsaresultoftherecession,thesalesofprintingmachineryandequipmentinsevencountriesincludingGermany,France,theUnitedStates,Italy,andSwitzerlanddecreasedby13.08%in2002comparedto2001.Fromtheanalysisofeconomicprosperityindex,among11countriesincludingEurope,America,China,Russia,andJapan,onlyChinaandRussiaareontherise,andtherestareonthedecline.Amongthem,Germany’ssalesin2002wereapproximatelyUS$6.8billion,whichwashigherthanthatin2001.Ayear-on-yeardecreaseof12%;USsaleswereapproximatelyUS$2.27billion,a16%decreasefrom2001;theUK’ssalesin2002fell24%from2001toapproximatelyUS$1.064billion;Italy’ssalesweredown8%,About763millionU.S.dollars.
Thetopfivecountriesintermsofannualoutputvalueofprintingmachineryandequipmentin2001were:Germany7.73billionU.S.dollars,Japan3.918billionU.S.dollars,theUnitedStates2.702billionU.S.dollars,Britain1.4billionU.S.dollars,andItaly829millionU.S.dollars..In2001,thetop5countriesforexportingprintingmachineryandequipmentwere:Germany6.325billionU.S.dollars,Japan1.578billionU.S.dollars,theUnitedStates1.246billionU.S.dollars,Italy1.06billionU.S.dollars,andtheUnitedKingdom940millionU.S.dollars.Thetopsixprintingmachineryandequipmentimportsin2001were:US$2.2billionintheUnitedStates,US$1.3billioninChina,US$1.228billioninGermany,US$922millioninItaly,US$920millionintheUnitedKingdom,andUS$798millioninJapan.In2002,China'sprintingmachinerymarketwasasplendidone.Thesalesofprintingmachineryandequipmentincreasedby13.8%,makingitamust-seefortheworld'sprintingandequipmentmanufacturers.